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1、1.TheHistoricalContext1).InamoreremoteperiodofGreekhistory,probablyaround1200B.C.,awarwasfoughtbetweenGreece（希腊）andTroy(特洛伊）2).Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.WhatmarkedthehighpointofdevelopmentinGreekcultureinthe5thcenturyB.C.?
2、1).ThehighpointofdevelopmentinGreekculturewasmarkedby(a)thesuccessfulrepulseofthePersianinvasionearlyinthe5thcenturyB.C.,(b)theestablishmentofdemocracyand(c)theflourishingofscience,philosophy,literature,artandhistoricalwritinginAthens（雅典）.2).the5thcenturyB.
3、C.closedwithcivilwarbetweenAthensandSparta（斯巴达）inGreece.3).inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,allGreecewasbroughtundertheruleofAlexander,KingofMacedon（马其顿王国）.4).in146B.C.theRomansconqueredtheGreece.2.SocialandPoliticalStructureWhatwerethemainfeaturesofancie
4、ntGreeksociety?1).Athenswasademocracy,whereonlytheadultmalecitizenshadtherights.2).TheeconomyofAthensrestedonanimmenseamountofslavelabor.3).TheGreekslovedsports.Onceeveryfouryears,theyhadabigfestivalonOlympusMountwhichincludedcontestsofsports.4).Revisedin18
5、96,theGameshavebecometheworld’sforemostamateursportscompetition.3.Homer(about700B.C.)（荷马）WhatdidHomerdo?（荷马史诗名词解释？）1).AncientGreeksconsideredHomertobetheauthoroftheirepics:theIliad《伊利亚特》andtheOdyssey《奥德赛》.2).Homerprobablylivedaround700B.C.3).TheIliadandtheO
6、dysseyarenotabouteventsofHomer’sowntime,butaboutgreatmenandwarsaboutaremoterage,probablyintheperiodof1200—1100B.C.Drama1).Earlyintheirremotepast,theGreeksstartedtoperformplaysatreligiousfestivals.2).Outofthesereligionsapowerfuldramadevelopedinthe5thcenturyB
7、.C.3).Performancesweregiveninopen-airtheatres,withtheaudiencesittingonstonebenchesandlookingdownatthestagefromthreesides.Outstandingdramatists1).TheoutstandingdramatistsofancientGreecewereAeschylus（埃斯库罗斯）,Sophocles（索福克勒斯）,Euripides（欧里庇得斯）andAristophanes（阿里斯
8、托芬）.A.Aeschylus(525—456B.C.)a.Aeschylusisnotedforhisvividcharacterportrayalandmajesticpoetry.b.AeschyluswroteplayssuchasPrometheusBound《被缚的普罗米修斯》,Persians《波斯人》andAgamemnon《阿伽门农》.B.Sophocles(496—406B.C.
