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1、BiographyofHomerHomeristhemanwho,accordingtolegend,wrotethetwogreatepicsofGreekhistory:theIliad(thetaleoftheTrojanWar)andtheOdyssey(aboutthetravelsofOdysseus).BothbooksareconsideredlandmarksinhumanliteratureandHomeristhereforeoftencitedasthestartingpointofWesternliteraryandhistoricaltradition.
2、ThedetailsofHomer'slifeareamystery;somescholarsbelievethatnosuchmaneverexisted,andthattheworkscreditedtohimwereactuallytoldandgatheredbymanypeopleovermanycenturies.OtherstoriesgivevariousbirthplacesandagesforHomerandsuggesthewasawanderingpoetorminstrel.Homerisusuallysaidtohavebeenblind,apointo
3、nwhichnearlyallthelegendsagree.BiographyofAristotleAristotleisoneofthe"bigthree"inancientGreekphilosophy,alongwithPlatoandSocrates.(SocratestaughtPlato,whointurninstructedAristotle.)Aristotlespentnearly20yearsatPlato'sAcademy,firstasastudentandthenasateacher.AfterPlato'sdeathhetravelledwidelya
4、ndeducatedafamouspupil,AlexandertheGreat,theMacedonianwhonearlyconqueredtheworld.LaterAristotlebeganhisownschoolinAthens,knownastheLyceum.Aristotleisknownforhiscarefullydetailedobservationsaboutnatureandthephysicalworld,whichlaidthegroundworkforthemodernstudyofbiology.AmonghisworksarethetextsP
5、hysics,Metaphysics,RhetoricandEthics.BiographyofArchimedesArchmedes(ar-ke-me'-deez),arenownedmathematician.Hisastonishingskillinmechanicswassuchthatsomeofthegreatestrealtriumphsofantiquitymaybeascribedtohim.Hisinventionsamazedhiscontemporaries:theliftingofweightsbymeansofpulleysandtheendlesssc
6、rewareamongthem.ARomanhistoriancelebratesthewarlikeenginesproducedbytheskillofArchimedes.Hismindeverfruitfulofextraordinaryresources,whenSyracusewasbesiegedbyMarcellus,heconstructedaburning-glassonascaleofsuchmagnitudethatbymeansofittheenemy'sfleetwasfired.Eventually,thecitybeingtaken,hewasfou
7、ndamongtheslain.BiographyofDanteAnexiledandwanderingfigureduringhiswritinglifetime,DanteisnowconsideredItaly'sgreatestpoet--somuchaliterarygiantthatheisgenerallyknownbyhisfirstnamealone.TheDivineComedy,byfarhismostfamouswork,isthestoryo
