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1、Plato’sTheoryofForms“Whetherwelikeitornot,whetherweknowitornot,weareallmoreorlessPlatonists.EvenifwerejectPlato’sconclusions,ourviewsareshapedbythewayinwhichhestatedhisproblems.”~W.T.Jones,HistoryofPhilosophy:TheClassicalMind,108.“…thecopiesoftheeternalthings[are]impressionstakenfromthemina…mannerth
2、atishardtoexpress….”II.Definitions:Formsarecalled“Ideas”(eidos).Theyarenotmentalbutextramentalentities,thatis,theyarenotmind-dependent.Rather,theyareindependentlyexistingentitieswhoseexistenceandnaturearegraspableonlybythemind,eventhoughtheydonotdependonbeingsograspedinordertoexist.B.Theyareeternala
3、ndunchangingentities,whichareencounterednotinperceptionbutinthought.II.Definitions:C.Formsareeternalpatternsofwhichtheobjectsthatweseeareonlycopies(e.g.,abeautifulpersonisacopyofBeauty).WecansayaboutapersonthatsheisbeautifulbecauseweknowtheIdeaofBeautyandrecognizethatapersonsharesmoreorlessinthisIde
4、a.D.Knowledgeseekswhattrulyis:itsconcerniswithBeing.Whatreallyis,whathasBeing,istheessentialnatureofthings:theseessences,suchasBeautyandGoodness,whichmakeitpossibleforustojudgethingsasgoodorbeautiful,theseareeternalFormsorideas.F.Science:isabodyofuniversalandnecessarytruths.Everysciencehasitsobjects
5、,andmusthaveforitsobjects,forms:nothingotherthaneternal,unchangingformscanqualifytobetheobjectsofscientificknowledge.II.Definitions:WhatPlatomeansbytheFormsisthattheyaretheessentialarchetypesofthings,havinganeternalexistence,apprehendedbythemind,notthesenses,foritisthemindthatbeholds“realexistence,c
6、olorless,formless,andintangible,visibleonlytotheintelligence.III.TwoDifferentWorlds:A.ThoughtheFormsareneversystematicallyarguedfor,weprimarilygainourunderstandingofthemfromPhaedoandRepublic.B.Thecorrectanswertothequestion,“WhatisX?”isonethatgivesanaccuratedescriptionofanindependententity,aForm.C.Fo
7、rmsareextramental,independententities;theirexistenceandnatureisindependentofourbeliefsandjudgmentsaboutthem.III.TwoDifferentWorlds:ThePhaedocontainsanextendeddescriptionofthecharacteristicsandfunction
