英语分类汇编：阅读理解之社会生活类

《英语分类汇编：阅读理解之社会生活类》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、6年模拟【2007-2012】英语汇编：阅读理解之社会生活类2012模拟题【2012·浙江调研】Bonus(奖金)culturehasbecomethesubjectofmanystudiesnowadays.Manypeoplehavebeenangeredbythewaysomebankersandhighofficialsseemtohavebeenrewardedforfailure.Othersfindtheideaofofferingmany-million-dollarbonusesmorallydisgusting.Butfewhaveas

2、kedwhetherperformance-relatedbonusesreallydoimproveperformance.Theanswerseemssoobviousthateventoaskthequestioncanappearridiculous.Indeed,inspiteofallthecomplaintsaboutthem,financialencouragementscontinuetobeintroducedinmoreandmoreareas,fromhealthcareandpublicservicestoteachingandu

3、niversities.Soitmaycomeasashocktomanytolearnthatpayingforresultscanactuallymakepeopleperformbadlyinmanycircumstances,andthatthemoreyoupay,theworsetheyperform.Nooneisarguingthatbonusescanhelpcompaniesandinstitutionsattractandkeepthebeststaff.Nordoesanyoneargueagainsttheideathatyouc

4、anencouragepeopletodospecifictasksbylinkingpaymentstothosetasks.Rather,thepointisabouthowtogetthebestoutofpeople.Doemployeesreallyperformbetterifyoupromisetopaythemmoreforgettingresults?Therearesomeobviousreasonswhysuchpaymentscanfail.Ithasbeenargued,forinstance,thatcashbonusescon

5、tributedtothefinancialcrash,becausetradershadlittleenthusiasmtomakesurethattheircompaniesenjoyedlong-termsurvival.Mostbonusprojectsarepoorlydesigned,saysProfessorMalcolmHiggs.Hethinksthereasonisthatorganisationstrytokeepbonusarrangementssimple.Nevertheless,hethinksbonusprojectscan

6、workaslongastheylinktheinterestsofindividualemployeeswiththelong-termgoalsofabusiness.Bonusescanalsoencouragecheating.“Onceyoustartmakingpeople’srewardsdependentonoutcomesratherthanbehaviours,theevidenceispeoplewilldowhatevertheycantogetthoseoutcomes,”saysProfessorEdwardDeci.“Inma

7、nycasesthehighofficialssimplyliedandcheatedtomakethestock(股票)pricegoupsotheygothugebonuses.”ButtheworkofDeciandotherssuggeststheproblemwithbonusesrunsfardeeperthanpoordesignorcheating.In1971,heaskedstudentstosolvepuzzles,withsomereceivingcashprizesfordoingwellandothersgettingnothi

8、ng.Decifoundthoseofferedcashwerel