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1、定语从句讲解和练习—关系代词1.Maryisastudentwhois21yearsold.(主句部分)(从句部分)Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.(从句部分)2..定语从句:修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。)先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。)Maryisastudentwhois21yearsold.(先行词)(关系代词)TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.(先行词)(关系副词)3.关系词的作用①指代先行词;②位于从句句首,连接定语从句与主句;③并在定语从句中充当从句某一成分。4.关系代词用法1)that,w
2、hichSomeofthebooksweregifts(that/which)hegotfromhisChinesefriendsandstudents.Thepaintings(that/which)Daviddonatedtotheschoolarebeingshownintheexibitionroom.归纳:定语从句中,用that/which指代物。that/which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。2)who,whomMostofthestudents(whom/who)hetaughthavebecomehisfriends.ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEn
3、glishLiterature.归纳:定语从句中,用who/whom指代人。在从句中充当主语时,用who。在从句中充当宾语时,用whom(也可以用who),还可以省略。3)whoseIsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasDiana.TheclubwhosemembersaremusicfansmeetintheschoolgardeneverySaturdayafternoon.归纳:定语从句中,用whose指代人/物,表示“某人的”、“某物的”,在从句中充当定语。5.特殊的用法(一)which,that在代替物时,一般可以通用。但在有些情况下,只用that。⑴先行词是最高
4、级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如:①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.⑵先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时。例如:①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anythi
5、ng,nothing,none等代词时。例如:①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。4例如:①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.②Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.(5)先行词既有人又有物时。例如:①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalking
6、about?②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.(6)主句已有疑问词who或which时。例如:①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?(二)宜用who,而不用that的一些情况⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。例如:①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhoo
7、ughtn’ttoknowit.⑵先行词是those时。例如:①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.(三)与whose有关的问题⑴whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。例如:①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecov