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1、Chapter1AGeneralIntroductiontoChineseCultureWordsandExpressions:thedescendantsofYanandHuang炎黄子孙porcelain瓷器TheappellationofChinaChinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaalongthem
2、iddlereaches(中游)oftheYellowRiver.BythetimeofXiaDynasty,aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribeshadgraduallymergedinto(合并,融合)one.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallycallthemselves“thedescendantsofYanandHuang”.Peopleatthattimebelievedthatthelandtheyliv
3、edonwasthecenteroftheworld,andcalledtheirstatethe"MiddleKingdom"(中国),thusgivingChinaitscountryname.Chinaistheappellationofourcountrygivenbyforeigners.TheporcelainchinaisthetransliterationoftheplacenameChangnan(昌南),whichwastheoldnameforJingdezhen(景德镇).Thepor
4、celainmadeinChangnanwassmoothandbright,andearnedanothernameofartificialjade.ItbecamefamousbothhomeandabroadandwasexportedtoEuropeinlargequantities.InEurope,peopleregardedChangnanporcelainassomethingpreciousanddelicateandwouldtakeprideinpossessingone.Astimep
5、assed,peopleinEuropeforgotthemeaningofChangnanandswitchedtheoriginalmeaningofporcelainoftheword“china”totheplaceofitsorigin.Chapter2ChinesePhilosophyandReligionPart1ChineseThoughtsandPhilosophyWordsandExpressions:Confucianism儒家Taoism道家TheAnalects《论语》benevol
6、ence仁慈,善行ritual礼制,仪式,惯例filialpiety孝,孝心TheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophyThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子学)TheorthodoxphilosophyduringtheHanDynasty(两汉经学)MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJindynasties(魏晋玄学)ThebuddhistphilosophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasties(隋唐佛学)N
7、eo-confucianisminSongandMingdynasties(宋明理学)ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingdynasties(明清实学)ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子学)ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophicalviews.ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianism(儒家
8、),Taoism(道家),Mohism(墨家)andLegalism(法家)1.ConfucianismConfucianismisaschoolofthoughtrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius.ConfucianismhasinfluencedtheChineseforthousandsofyearsandisdeeplyrootedinChinesecultur
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