what we do and don't know about 'race', 'ethnicity', genetics and health at the dawn of the genome era

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1、COMMENTARYWhatwedoanddon’tknowabout‘race’,‘ethnicity’,geneticsandhealthatthedawnofthegenomeeraFrancisSCollinsAtrueunderstandingofdiseaseriskrequiresathoroughexaminationofrootcauses.'Race'and'ethnicity'arepoorlydefinedtermsthatserveasflawedsurrogatesformultipleenvironmen

2、talandgeneticfactorsindiseasecausation,http://www.nature.com/naturegeneticsincludingancestralgeographicorigins,socioeconomicstatus,educationandaccesstohealthcare.Researchmustmovebeyondtheseweakandimperfectproxyrelationshipstodefinethemoreproximatefactorsthatinfluencehea

3、lth.AsmallmeetingconvenedattheNationalinformationabouthumangeneticvariationsamepartoftheworld3.AsthoseancestralHumanGenomeCenteratHowardarecomingtolight.Manyofthesalientpointsoriginsinmanycaseshaveacorrelation,albeitUniversityinWashington,D.C.,on15Maymadebyparticipantsi

4、nthismeetingwereoftenimprecise,withself-identifiedraceor2003,titled“HumanGenomeVariationandcapturedintheprecedingarticles.ethnicity,itisnotstrictlytruethatraceoreth-‘Race’:TheStateoftheScience,”markedanThemeetingatHowardUniversityfocusednicityhasnobiologicalconnection.I

5、tmustbeimportant,positivemilestoneintheturbu-onexactlytherightquestions.Whatdoestheemphasized,however,thattheconnectionislenthistoryofgenetics,raceandethnicity.currentbodyofscientificinformationsaygenerallyquiteblurrybecauseofmultipleExpertsinsociology,anthropology,hist

6、oryabouttheconnectionsamongrace,ethnicity,othernongeneticconnotationsofrace,theandgeneticsgatheredtogethertodiscuss,ingeneticsandhealth?Whatremainsunknown?lackofdefinedboundariesbetweenpopula-©2004NaturePublishingGroupanhonestandunemotionalway,thesub-Whatadditionalresea

7、rchisneeded?Howcantionsandthefactthatmanyindividualshavestanceofwhatweknowandwhatwedon’tthisinformationbeappliedtobenefithumanancestorsfrommultipleregionsoftheworld.knowabouttheconnectionsbetweengeneticshealth?Howmightthisinformationbeandrace.Thefewmeetingsheldinthepast

8、appliedinnonmedicalsettings?HowcanweRaceandhealthdisparitiesdecadetodiscussthishighlychargedtopicadoptpolicies