review of plato’s ideas

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1、ReviewofPlato’sIdeas　　I.Introduction　　PlatoisperceivedastheancestorofwesternculturewhoseeveryschoolcouldhardlyberemovedtotallyfromtheinfluenceofPlato’sworks.Hisworksrangedoveranumberofsciencesincludingpolitics，philosophy，ethics，educationandsoon.Manyascholar，expertevendoermakesanin-deptha

2、ndcomprehensivestudyintohisideasandworksandfindmanymorenewmeaningsinmanydifferentkindsoffields.　　II.Differentresearchbranches　　Theoryofcave：IrisMurdochreexplainedPlato’stheoryofcaveinhisworksTheFireandtheSun：WhyPlatoBanishedtheArtistsandthenseparatedtheascendingorderofhuman’smoralsensein

3、tothreelevels：first，thepersonswhoonlysaw“shadow”arecheatedbythefalseimpression，sotheycan’tseethetruth.Second：Murdochcompared“fire”to“ego”，sothosewhobegantoacceptingeducationrealizedtheirability，butbecauseoftheirsatisfactionofthemselves，theyhadneverthoughtthereweremanymoretruethingsoutoft

4、hecave.Simply，comparedwiththephilosophyoftheinsidecave，thatofoutsidecaveismoretrue.Third：thepersonswhosawthesunrealizedtheuniverseafterreceivingthetruephilosophy.Accordingtothisreexplanation，Murdochproposedonlythemodestoneswerethemostlikelytobethegood.Onthebasisofthis，shecriticizedthevir

5、tue，valueandlovewerenotexploredanylongerinthedescriptionofrealityinmoralphilosophywhichfailedtoanswerthisquestion，“howcanwemakeourselvesbetter？”.Fromaboveall，wecanfindthere’scomparabilitybetweenmodernmoralphilosophyand“fire”.First，thepluralistvalueorientationofmoralphilosophydidn’tprovid

6、eaclearguidancetowardshumankind’sfuture；althoughit’smadesomerealisticdescriptionofhuman’sreality.Forexample，thefreedomintheirtheorybecamejustemptywordsorstandardcognitiveway，becausetheydidn’tfacethelifeitselfunderthesunshine-thegoodness，theywerenottruephilosophers；second，actuallytheoryof

7、caveemphasizedhuman’smoralsensehangedonwatchingandcontinuallyrealizingtheworldbythemselves.Howevermoralphilosophysupposedhumanconqueredorsubmittedtheworldthatthefactsandvalueswereseparated.Here，weshouldknowMurdochemphasizedtheinteractionbetweentherationalityandhuman.　　Man