名词性从句和定语从句

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1、AttributiveClause一.复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句，即定语从句（后置于名词）被定语从句所修饰的词为先行词；【分裂式定从：IhaveanauntinLondonwhoneverwritetome.】从句中人称、数、形式需与先行词保持一致（主谓一致）◆HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.◆HeisoneofthestudentswhogotoBeijing.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswhogoestoBeijing..nottheonlyoneof=oneof二．限制性

2、定从→修饰限制先行词，省去后原句意义表达不完整；（前无逗号）非限制性定从→补充说明先行词，省去后原句意义不受影响（前有逗号）◆Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.三．引导定语从句关系词，关系代词：whichthatwhowhomwhoseas关系副词：whenwherewhy主句完整，从句不完整（缺主语、宾语、定语）→关系代词主句完整，从句完整→关系副词（缺状语）或介词+which/whom从句完整：when、where、why介词+which/whom(介词选用原则)

3、分析从句：缺定语(the):whose从句不完整：缺人：who/whom(区分)缺主/宾/表：缺物：which/that(区分)缺人/物：as(两个用法)四．关系代词（A/B/C：主宾D：定语）A.指代人：①who→主语、宾语◆Thatistheman________helpsme.whom→宾语◆Thatistheman________Ihelp.◆Doyouknowthewomanwhomwemetatthegate.②介词+whom（介词的选用原则：先行词//从句中VI）◆HereareplayersfromChina,someofwhomareouroldfriends

4、.◆Inthedarkstreet,therewasn`tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.B.指代物：whichthat先行词指代物时用that不用which的情况：(1)先行词是不定代词allnononetheoneanyfewlittlemucheverythingnothinganything等时；（something后用“that”或“which”均可）◆IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyouintown?◆Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.(2)先行词被序数词或thelas

5、t,theonly,thevery修饰时◆ThisisthefirstplacethatIvisitedlasttime.24(3)先行词被形容词最高级所修饰；◆ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.(4)先行词包括人、物两方面时；◆Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.(5)当主语是`which、who、what`开头的特殊问句时，引导定语从句的关系代词一般用`that`，而不用`which`；◆Whoisthegirl(thatis)sittingbyt

6、helake?◆Whichofthosebooks(thatare)onthetablebelongtoyou?(6)两个定语从句时，其中一关系代词用which，另外一个用that◆Theysecretlybuildupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.(7)先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时◆Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.先行词指代物时用which不用that的两种情况(1)非限制性定语从句中◆Sheheardaterribleno

7、ise,whichbroughtherheartintohermonth.(2)当关系代词作介词宾语时，用介+which结构◆Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.C.as用法(1)用于“such…as”“thesame…as”“as…as”so…as”特殊结构中：◆ThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.区别thesame…as和thesame…that？◆Thisisthesametoolas/thatIu