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1、名词性从句和定语从句时间:2008-03-0520:38来源:作者:点击:191次名词性从句和定语从句 编者按:有很多同学们对名词性从句和定语从句的概念和用法有疑问,我们编写了这套讲义供大家参考。 名词性从句名词性从句的语法功能：在句中充当名词成分,也就是说做主语,宾语,表语,同位语.于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：一.引导词本身无词义,在从句中无地位.这类词只有一个,that二.词本身有词义但在从句中无地位,如:whether,if和asif三.词本身有词义且在句中有地位.如:who,whom,whose,wh
2、at,which,when,where,why,how例句如下:1).Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.上星期他突然病倒使我们都感到吃惊.(that引导主语从句)2).Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.你是否来关系不太大.(whether引导主语从句,it作形式主语)3).Whowillgoisnotimportant.谁要来不重要.(who引导主语从句)4).Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.问题是谁能去那儿.(who引导表语从句
3、)5).Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来.(两个that引导的都是宾语从句)6).Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊.(that引导同位语从句)运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题:1.whether与if引导名词性从句是略有区别,if不能引导主语从句,不能与ornot连用,不与不定式连用.2.宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应,主句为与动词时过去时,宾语从
4、句也应当是过去时(过去完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时)3.宾语从句否定前移问题:当主句中有:Ithink(suppose,expect,believe,imagine,guess)时.应当否定这些词,其实就是对后面从句的否定,应当注意的是主语必须是"I",其他主语同于一般动词的否定.如:Idon'tthinkyouareright.(我认为你不对.)Idon'tbelievetheywillwinthegame.(我相信他们不会赢得这场比赛.)Shesupposedthatwecouldn'tarrivesoearly.(他认为我们不会到到达如此早.)4.同位语从句一
5、般用that引用,先行词一般为:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise.当先行词为是可以用其他引导词.如:Everyoneknowsthefacttheearthgoesroundthesun.(众所周知地球围绕太阳转.)Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.(我不知道他什么时间回来.)练习I.找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句1.Idon'tifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.
6、4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.6.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.7.That'swhatyouaregoingtodofirst.8.That'llbedecidedwhoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting.9.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.
7、10.HerecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool.答案：1.ifIcandoit宾语从句2Whatheisdoing主语从句3howwecanimproveourstudies表语从句4howhecandomoreforthepeople介词宾语从句5thatshewaspretendingtobesick同位语从句6whathesaid介词宾语从句7whatyouaregoingtodofirst表语从句8whoisthemonitorofourclassatthe
