7、ngpassageintroducesthedefinition/phenomenon/problem/process/somefunctions/somefeatures/principle/application/cause/effectof……(关键的抽象词) XXXis……(定义的内容) Inthelisteningpassage,theprofessorcontinuestodemonstrateitbyprovidingsomeresearches/examples. Thisfirstis……(最后一句注意挂钩) These