定语从句的用法和精练

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定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的某个成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。1)限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。2)非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。Jerryhasmanygoodfriendstowhomhecantalkingifhemeetsproblems.杰瑞有很多当他遇见问题可以交谈的朋友。13 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系词只能用that，而不用which的情况：A.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。B.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?C.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。D.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。E.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?F.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:A.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?B.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。C.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:13 Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。小试牛刀()1.---Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?---Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone()3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it()4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit()5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree()6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichD.who()7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich.()8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was()9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who()10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein13 中考速递()1.—Manypeopleareworriedaboutthehousing-price_______keepsraisinginrecentyears.—That’sreallyaproblem（2015福建泉州惠安）A.whatB.whoC.that()2.—Mum,canyouseemyT-shirt________Iputherejustnow?（2015福建安溪）—Oh,I’vetakenittoyourbedroom.A.whichB.whoC.whose()3.---NowadaysWeChatisverypopularamongfriends.（2015福州）---Yes.Itseemstobethebestwayofcommunication_____peoplelikeA.thatB.whichC.who()4.（2015山东德州）Everyone______hasbeentoShanghaisaysitisamoderncity.A.whyB.whoseC.whoD.which()5.（2015杭州）Thewoman______isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what()6.(2015四川自贡)Thisisthebook______tellsmanyEnglishstories.A.whatB.whichC.who()7.（2015四川宜宾）Thedog_______playedwithyoujustnowis_______.A.which;mineB.which;myC.what;mineD.what;my()8.（2015广州）Thestories______werewrittenbyMarkTwainareoftenhumorous.A.thatB.thoseC.whoD.what()9.（2015杭州）Thewoman_______isthemostimportantinmylifeismymother.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.what()10.---Whyareyousoworried?（2015山东德州）---I’velostthewatch______mydadboughtmeonmybirthday.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which()11.(2015湖南株洲)Atruefriendisaperson______reachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.A.whoB.whatC.which13 ()12.(2015贵州安顺)Ithinkthefirstlesson_______wearelearningisveryeasy.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when()13.（2015新疆克拉玛依）Wedon'tlikepeople____talktoomuchbutneverdoanything.A.whoseB.whoC.whenD.which()14.(2015湖北孝感)Theredskirt________mymotherboughtformeismadeofcotton.A.thatB.whenC.whoD.whose()15.（2015广东汕尾）Ihatepeople________laughatotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.they()16.（2015广东汕尾）Isthereanything_______toyou?A.thatisbelongB.thatbelongC.thatbelongsD.whichbelongs()17.（2015广东）RunningmanisaveryrelaxingTVprogram_______ishotamongtheyoungpeople.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom()18.---Doyouknowtheman____T--shirtisblue?(2015贵州黔西南州）---Yes,Ido.HeismyChineseteacher,Mr.Smith.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which()19.---Lily,whatkindofmuseumdoyoulike?(2015福建厦门）---Ithemuseum______canprovidevisitorswithfreeWifi.A.whatB.thatC.who()20.Doraemonisalovelycat____playsanimportantroleinthe3-DfilmStandBymeDoraemon(2015福建)A.whoB.whoseC.whom()21.—Whydon’tyoulikefishing?（2015河南)—Fishingahobby_______needsmuchpatience,butI’mnotpatientatall.A.whoB.thatC.itD.what()22.(2015四川南充）Doyouknowtheman______savedthreepupilsintheaccident?A.whoB.itC.whomD.whose()23.(2015四川内江）Idon’tknowthegirl_____isstandingatthegate.A.不填B.whichC.thatD.whom()24.---Whichsongdoyoulikebetter,Lucy?(2015湖北黄冈)13 ---IpreferthesongLittleApple_____canattractmanypeople.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.where()25.(2015湖北黄石）Confuciuswasafamousphilosopher_____hasinfluencedtheworldgreatly.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who()26.(2015黑龙江哈尔滨）Languagelearningisn’tharditself.Theattitude_____youhavedecidesifyoucanlearnitwellatlast.A.whatB.whoC.which()27.(2015贵州六盘水）DoyouknowDengZiqi________singsthesongPaoMo.A.whichB.whoC.whenD.where()28.（2015湖南张家界）Ilikesweet-and-sourporkribs(糖醋排骨)______mymothercooks.A.thatB.whoC.What()29.(2015江苏淮安）---Whatareyoudoing?----I’mreadingthebook______youlentmelastweek.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that()30.（2015辽宁营口）–DoyoulikelisteningtoZhangJie’ssongs______areveryloudandfullofenergy?–Ofcourse!I’mhisfan.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.Whose综合训练一、单项选择。()1.Wecanhearher_______poemswhenwewalkedpastherbedroom.A.toreadB.readsC.wasreadingD.reading()2.HowlonghaveMr.andMrs.Green_______?A.marriedB.hadmarriedC.gotmarriedD.beenmarried()3.TheSmiths_____sendingemails_____letters,becauseitisfaster.A.prefer,towritingB.prefer,towriteC.prefers,towriteD.prefers,towriting()4.Children________sitinthefrontseatofacar.It’stoodangerous!A.mustn’tB.needn’tC.mustD.need13 ()5.—Haveyouseenthisfilm?--Yeah!It’sthemostfunnyone______Ihaveeverseen.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where()6.YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_____hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.that()7.—CanIborrowthesecondsciencebookfromyou?—Sure,________youreturnthefirstonetomenextweek.A.assoonasB.aslongasC.aswellasD.asfaras()8.AlthoughwehavelearnedEnglishfor3years,westillhavetrouble_____thenewwords.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.oflearning()9.Acellphone_____acamerabymostyoungpeopleinChina.A.isusedbyB.usedforC.isusedasD.isusedto()10.Inthepast,thechildlaborers_____doalotofhardwork.A.forcedB.forcedtoC.wasforcedtoD.wereforcedto()11.—Excuseme,MissSmith,couldyoutellmehowtoimprovemyspokenEnglish?—OK.Thebestwayistopractice.A.assoonaspossibleB.asquicklyaspossibleC.asmuchaspossibleD.asclearlyaspossible()12.—IhaveworkedhardatEnglish,butitseemsthatIhaven’tmadeanyprogress.—Keepon_____atit,andyouwillbesuccessful.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.works()13.—Ourschoolisbeautiful!—Itwillbemorebeautifulifmoretreesandgrass_____byus.A.plantB.plantsC.isplantedD.areplanted()14.Thetelephone_______byawell–knownscientist,Edison.A.inventedB.inventingC.wasinventedD.invents()15.—It’sveryhot,butquitewettoday.—_____A.Soitis.B.Itisso.C.Soisit.D.Soitdoes.()16.Notonlyhisparentsbutalsohisbrother_____totheSummerPalace.Theyhaven’tbeenback.A.havebeenB.havegoneC.hasbeenD.hasgone13 ()17.Weall_____thebravemanbecausehesavedtheboyfromthesea.A.agreedB.enjoyedC.admiredD.believed()18.Ourplaygroundisnotsotidyandbeautifulasbefore.Studentsmust_____dirtythingsonit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()19.Theapplesaredivided_____two_____.Oneisformysister,theotherisforme.A.in,halfB.into,halvesC.in,halvesD.into,half()20.WiththehelpofProjectHope,moreandmoreschools_______inpoorcountrysideoneday.A.builtB.arebuiltC.willbebuiltD.wasbuilt二、完形填空。Morethan3,000languagesarespokenintheworld.Ofalltheselanguages,Englishisthemostwidelyused.WhenEnglishisused,ithasalso__1___manynewwordsfromotherlanguages.Forexample,Americansborrowed“cookbook”fromGerman.They___2__borrowed“tofu”and“kowtow”fromChinese.Asweallknow,thereare__3___betweenwesterncultureandChineseculture.Wecanlearnaboutthosewordsbycomparinghowcertainwordsareused.__4___,“youarealuckydog”meansyouarealuckyperson.Todescribeapersonwhois__5___,theysay,“sickasadog”.Ontheotherhand,Chinesepeoplelovecatsverymuch.Butinwesternculture,“cat”issometimesusedtodescribeawomanthatis__6___.TheroseisconsideredasasymbolofloveinbothChinaandsomewesterncountries.Peoplethinktherosestandsforloveand___7__.China,acountrywiththelargestpopulationintheworld,has__8___morepeopletolearnEnglish.Bythe1990s,Englishlearninghasbeenvery__9___withChinesepeople.ManyofthemhavedonequitewellinEnglish.NowstudentsarerequiredtolearnEnglishandpeoplethinkthestudyofEnglishisaveryimportantindustryinChina__10___intherestoftheworld.TheEnglishlanguagehasplayedanimportantpartinourlives.()1.A.takenbackB.takenoutC.takenoffD.takenin()2.A.evenB.alsoC.perhapsD.probably()3.A.advantagesB.recordsC.effectsD.differences()4.A.InfactB.InsomewaysC.ForexampleD.Asaresult()5.A.illB.lazyC.afraidD.selfish()6.A.kind-heartedB.prettyC.cruelD.helpful()7.A.sadnessB.attractionC.disappointmentD.friendship()8.A.orderedB.encouragedC.toldD.taught13 ()9.A.interestedB.tiredC.popularD.enjoyed()10.A.asfarasB.aswellasC.asmuchasD.aslongas三、阅读理解。(A)Everypersonuseshisownspecialwordstoshowhisideasandfeelings.Someoftheseexpressionsarecommonlyusedformanyyears.Othersarepopularforjustashorttime.OnesuchAmericanexpressionis“Where’sthebeef?”.Itisusedwhensomethingisnotasgoodasitissaidtobe.Intheearly1980s,“Where’sthebeef?”wasoneofthemostpopularexpressionsintheUnitedStates.Itseemedasifeveryonewasusingitatthattime.Beef,ofcourse,isthemeatfromacow,andnofoodismorepopularinAmericathanahamburgermadefrombeef.Inthe1960s,abusinessmannamedRayKrochbeganbuildingsmallrestaurantsthatsoldhamburgersatalowprice.Krochcalledhisrestaurant“McDonald’s”.RayKrochbecameoneoftherichestbusinessmeninAmerica.Otherbusinesspeoplesawhissuccess.Someofthemopenedtheirownhamburgerrestaurants.Onecompanycalled“Wendy’s”saiditshamburgerswerebiggerthanthosesoldbyMcDonald’soranyoneelse.TheWendy’scompanybegantousetheexpression“Where’sthebeef?”tomakepeopleknowthatWendy’shamburgerswerethebiggest.TheWendy’stelevisionadvertisementshowedthreeoldwomeneatinghamburgers.Thebreadthatcoveredthemeatwasverybig,butinsidetherewasonlyabitofmeat.Oneofthewomensaidshewouldnoteatahamburgerwithsuchalittlepieceofbeef.“Where’sthebeef?”sheshoutedinafunnyway.TheadvertisementforWendy’shamburgerrestaurantswasasuccess.Aswesaid,itseemedeveryonebeganusingtheexpression“Where’sthebeef?”.根据短文内容，判断正(A)误(B)。()1.Theexpression“Where’sthebeef?”isusedwhensomethingisnotasgoodasitissaidtobe.()2.WendystartedMcDonald’srestaurant.()3.Otherpeoplewantedtoopenhamburgerrestaurantsbecausetheythoughttheycouldmakealotofmoney.()4.Wendy’smadetheexpressionknowntoeverybodybyatelevisionadvertisement.()5.TheWendy’scompanywantedtotellotherstheirhamburgerswerethemostdelicious.(B)WangFengqin,a61-year-oldwomaninBeijing,volunteerstosort(分类)rubbishinherlivingareainBeijing’sChaoyangDistrict.At6:30everymorning,whilehalfofBeijingisstillinsleepingdreamsinbedorenjoyingadeliciousbreakfast,Wangrushesthroughherbusiesthoursintheday.Shegetsup,givesherfaceaquickwash,takesasimplebreakfastandrushestothefourrubbishdustbinsbesidethegateofherlivingarea.Thereshechecksthewasteleftbyherneighborstomakesureitissortedcorrectly.“Sortingrubbishwillimprovetheenvironmentforallofusanditonlytakesaminute,”Wangsaid.“Iwanttohelpmyneighborsdevelopgoodhabits.”13 AsWangspoke,anoldmancamebyandthrewaplasticbagfullofrubbishintothedustbinmarked“recyclable”.“Hey,please,therearesomeorangepeels（皮）andfishbonesinyourbag,sotheyaresupposedtobeputintothedustbinmarked“kitchenwaste,”Wangtoldhim.Learningtheoldmanwasinahurry,Wanglethimgo,openedthebagherself,pickedoutthekitchenwasteandthrewitintherightdustbin.Wanghasbeendoingthiseverydayfrom7:30a.m.to9a.m.andfrom6p.m.to8p.m.sinceMarch10.Shesayspeopleusuallygodownstairsandthrowoutrubbishatthistime.Mostpeoplehadnoideaaboutsortingrubbishatfirst,butnow90percentcanputrubbishinthecorrectdustbin,Wangsays.However,sheplanstokeepdoingthisjobuntilallherneighborssortcorrectly.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。()6.WhendoesWangFengqinusuallygetupinthemorning?A.At7:30.B.At6:30.C.At9.D.At8.()7.HowmanyrubbishdustbinsaretherebesidethegateofWangFengqin’slivingarea.A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.()8.Theoldmandidn’tsorthisrubbishprobablybecause.A.hewasafraidofWangB.hethoughtitwasWang’sjobC.hewasinahurryD.hedidn'tknowwherethedustbinwas()9.Oneshouldn’tput_________inthedustbinmarked“kitchenwaste”.A.orangepeelsB.brokentoysC.terriblysmellyfoodD.fishbones()10.Fromthepassage,wecansaythatWangFengqinis_________.A.alwaysbusywithherhouseworkB.alwayscarelesstothrowoutrubbishC.verycrueltoothersD.warm-heartedandreadytohelpothers四、词汇1.Thereismuchtimeleft.Youdon’tneedtor __________.2.Therewillbeaspeechinthehall.The____________(发言人)isafamousscientist.3.Nowwecanm ____________ aletterathomebyacomputerinsteadofgoingtothepostoffice.4.ItisthefirsttimethatIspeakinp_____________.5.Theboygotafullscoreintheexam.Hisparentswerep___________ ofhim.6.Wemustkeeps_______________inthelibrary.13 7.Youarenewhere.Pleasegiveusagenerali____________ aboutyourself.8.Maryhatesswimming,soshes____________ goesswimmingwithherfriends.9.Ifyoudon’tstudyhard,youmayf___________ theexamination.10.Theclerktellshertogotothe__________(拐角)ofMarketandMiddleStreets.11.Doyouknowhishome__________(地址)?12.Joenevergavea_________(直接的)answertoanyquestionsofthereporters.13.Thefilmis________________(幽默的)andmoving.14.Ilivenearasupermarket.Soit’s____________(方便的)togoshoppingforme.15.Couldyoupleasetellmethe_____________ (正确的)answer.五、选词填空。manage,against,prevent,shock,scary,good,educate,possibly,keep,repeat,get,forOnthenightofNovember11th,2015,aseriesofterroristattacks（恐怖袭击）tookplaceincentralParis,whichkilledatleast120people."Itwasnotonlyaterroristattack,butalsoamassacre(屠杀)",saidIsobelBowdery,asurvivor(幸存者)oftheattack.Peoplearoundtheworldweregreatly___1___bytheeventandprayed(祈祷)forthedead.Atthesametime,howcanwekeepsafewhensuchviolence(暴力事件)happenshasalsobecomeahottopic.FBIinAmericahastaughtthepublictolearntorememberthethreerules:RUN,HIDEandFIGHT.Let’sget___2___together!RUN.Whenviolenceisaroundyouandthereisapossiblepathtorunaway,___3___torun.Leaveyourpersonalthingsbehindandhelpothersrunawayif___4___.Remembertopreventothers___5___intotheareaandcallthepolicewhenyouaresafe.HIDE.Ifit’salreadyimpossibletorunaway,findaplacetohide.Andit’s___6___tohidebehindlargeobjectssothatyouwon’tbefoundanymore.Lockandblock(堵住)thedoor.Besides,yourmobilephoneshouldbe___7___off.FIGHT.Thisisyourlastresort(招数),sobecarefulandonlyuseitwhenyourlifeisindanger.Trytofight___8___thegunnerstotakethegunoutoftheirhands.Nobodywantssuchviolence___9___,Butwe’dbetterlearnhowtosaveourselveswhensuchterriblethingeverhappens.Nomatterhow___10___weare,weshouldalwayskeepcalm(冷静的).六、完成对话。A:Peter,howwasyourPEtest?B:It’snotbad.But___1___Ididn’tdowellinrunning.A:Youarekidding!Youusedtorunveryfastandyouarealwaysthe___2___inourclass.13 B:That’strue.ButthatdayIfeelveryterriblewhen___3___soIfellveryfarbehindothers.A:Itdoesn’tmatter.Youdon’tneedtothinkaboutthatanymore.Youcan___4___concentrating（集中于）onyourstudy.B:Thankyou.ButIhaveaproblemthesedays.A:What’sthat?B:Ican’tfallasleep___5___.AndIoftendreamandwakeatnight.A:Whatdoyoudreamof?B:SometimesIdreamthatIam___6___runningveryhardontheplayground.AndsometimesIdreamthatIcan’tsolveproblemsinmyhomework.A:Youreally___7___alot.Whydon’tyougetsomehelpfromthepsychologist（心理学家）?B:Idowant.Butmymotherdisagrees.Shethinkitis___8___andIshouldsolvetheproblemsbymyself.A:Whataboutyourfather’sopinion?B:Hesaysit___9___onmyself.Healsoencouragesmetocommunicatewithmyteachers.Hethinkstheycangivemesomeadvice.A:That’sagoodidea.Youcanhavea___10___.B:Soundsgood.I’llgotogethelptomorrow.七、书面表达。作家雨果说过：“开启人类智慧的钥匙有三把，一是字母，二是数字，三是音符。”从这句话中，我们足可见音乐对人的发展的影响。请你根据以下提示，以Music为题，写一篇短文参加学校的英语作文竞赛。提示：1.音乐使人充满活力，让人快乐；(energy)2.没有音乐，生活就没有乐趣；3.你最喜欢的音乐是……4.你不能忍受的音乐是……(can’tstand)要求：1.80词左右；2.恰当运用所学语法——定语从句。13 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