初中定语从句的用法和精练.doc

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初中定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。Themanwho/thatIsawattheschoolgateyesterdayismyEnglishteacher.先行词定语从句昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。①Iamwaitingfortheboywho/thatiswearingaredcoat.（关系代词作主语）先行词关系代词我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。②Thedictionarythat/whichmysistergavemelastSundayisveryexpensive. 先行词关系代词（关系代词作宾语）我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。③ThewomanwhosenameisLindaBrownishismother.（关系代词作定语）先行词关系代词那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达•布朗。④Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.（关系代词作状语）   先行词关系副词那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。三、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。例如：①Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)②Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。                                                                    (that作宾语)2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：①Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)②Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who,whom都用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：①ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)②Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?                                                                        (作宾语)小结：that—既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which—指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。who—指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语（常用whom），可以省略。注：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。 注意——(1)当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who,that,which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：①Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。②PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。(4)关系词只能用that而不用which的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which。例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。(5)关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that,those时，用which,而不用that。例如：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which,而不用that。例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法(1)when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：Thisistheplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。(3)why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。I．单项填空。 1.—Doyouknowtheman_________istalkingwithyourfather?—Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.which D.whom2.Isthistheriver_________Icanswim?A.whichB.inwhich C.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_________Iknow.A.whereB.which C.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary_________theotherday?A.thatyoubought B.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone_________withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagrees B.whoagree C.whoagrees D.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything_________ismissing.A.thatB.it C.whichD.who7.Theman_________coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.whose C.thatofwhichD.which’s8.Thegirl_________isreadingunderthetree_________mysister.A.which;is B.whom;wasC.who;is D.who;was9.Iloveplaces_________thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.which C.where D.who10.Theworld_________ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatwelive B.onwhichweliveC.wherewelivein D.weliveinⅡ．用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。1.Thefirstthing_________youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_________iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily_________hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_________weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman_________Italkedwithjustnow? III．牵手中考。1.（2011清远）Haveyoureadthebook_________isaboutthemoon?A.what       B.it              C./           D.which2.（2011广西百色）Thepolicemancaughtthethief_________hasstolenMr.Li’scomputer.A.which     B.whose     C.whom      D.who3.（2011桂林）Thebasketball_________Iboughtyesterdaycostme80yuan.A.that        B.where       C.who         D.when4.（河北省2011）Theteachers_________cameforavisitareforeigners.A.who       B.whom        C.whose     D.which5.（2011河南省）Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion_________youhadwithyourdadyesterday.A.  what     B.which        C.when       D.who6.（2011黑龙江绥化市）Thisisthecamera______myunclegavemeformybirthday.A. which    B.who         C.what7.（2011哈尔滨）"Getnewknowledgebyreviewingtheold"isafamoussayingbyConfucius (孔子).Hewasagreatthinker________wordsstillhaveagreateffectonmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworldtoday.A.who         B.who's      C.whose8.（2011呼和浩特）—Isthereanyonehere_________nameisBetty?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.A.who         B.which       C.whom     D.whose9.（2011四川达州）—Wheredidyougolastweek?—IwenttoZhangAiping’shometownandvisitedthehouse_______hewasbornin.A.that          B.there        C.who        D.whose10.（2011四川南充）Isthattheman_________helpedusalotaftertheearthquake?A.which       B.who         C.whom11.（2011四川资阳）—IhearthatLily’sbrotherisaworkerhere.—Look,theman_________isworkingoverthereisherbrother.A.who          B.whom      C.what      D.which12.（2011天津）Johnistheboy_________legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whose      B.that           C.who     D.which13.（2011乌鲁木齐）Wedon'tlikepeople_________talktoomuchbutneverdoanything.A.whose       B.who          C.when      D.which14.（2011梧州）—Doyouknowtheboy_________isstandingunderthetree?—Yes,heismyfriend,Peter.A.what       B.who           C.whom     D.whose