选修8 unit 2 cloning

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Unit2CloningⅠ.重要单词聚焦1．vi.　不同；相异2．vt.着手；从事；承担3．n.突破4．vi.反对；不赞成5．vt.获得；赢得6．vt.获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)7．vt.禁止；不准differundertakebreakthroughobjectobtainattainforbid8．vt.积累；聚积9．vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……10．adv.立刻；不久11．vi.退休；离开12．vt.&vi.打扰；操心13．n.假定；设想14．n.规则；规章；法规15．vi.&vt.打；撞击；罢工16．adj.虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的Accumulateoweshortlyretirebotherassumptionregulationstrike vain17．vt.抵抗；对抗18．adv.仅；只；不过19．n.装饰20．vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱21．adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的resistmerelydecorationadorereasonableⅡ.重要短语扫描1．pay得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2．cast沮丧；不愉快3．inof赞成；支持4．(be)to(do)．..一定或注定(做)……5．...intoone’sheart使……刻骨铭心6．timetotime不时；偶尔7．bringbackto使复生；使复活8．in白费力气；枉费心机offdownfavourboundstrikefromlifevain9．ingood/poor状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)10．haveagreaton对……有很大影响conditionimpactⅢ.课文原句突破 1．ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.[信息提取]　beappropriateto(for)sth.适合于……的；适当的。[例句仿写]　你应当用一种适合你的文章主题的写作风格。Youshouldwriteitinastylewhich________________________________________.【答案】　isappropriatetoyoursubject2．Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit?[信息提取]　infavourof赞成，支持。[例句仿写]　我对她讲了我们的计划，她表示赞同。Ihavetoldheraboutourplan，andshe________________________________________.【答案】　isinfavourofit3．Dolly’sdeath，likeherbirth，wasboundtoraiseworries.[信息提取]　beboundto肯定会。[例句仿写]　看看天，今天下午一定会下雨。Lookatthesky，________________________________thisafternoon.【答案】　it’sboundtorain4．Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumptionthathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn’tbeenprovedyet.[信息提取]　amatterof……的问题。[例句仿写]　你应该把这当成一回事，这是一个生死攸关的问题。Youshouldtakeitseriously.It’s________________________________________________.【答案】　amatteroflifeanddeathundertake(undertook，undertaken)vt.着手；从事；承担①Theyundertookadangeroustask.他们承担了一项危险任务。②HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.他答应在星期五以前完成那工作。③Icanundertakethatyouwillenjoythetrip.我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。1．Whodoyouthinkistherightpersonto______thetask?A．undergoB．undertakeC．understandD．underline 【解析】　undertakethetask表示“承担任务”为固定搭配，A、C、D均不与thetask构成有意义的词组。【答案】　Bforbid(forbade/forbad；forbidden)vt.禁止(1)forbidsb./sth.Ifyouwanttomarryher，Iwon’tforbidyou.如果你要娶她，我不会禁止你。(2)forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事Thenewlawforbidssmokinginoffices.新法律禁止在办公室内抽烟。(3)forbidsb.todosth.禁止做某事Herfatherforbadehertogooutalone.她父亲不许她单独外出。MyfatherforbademetowatchTV，whichmademeunhappy.我父亲禁止我看电视，这使我不高兴。2．(2007年江苏卷)—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wedon’tallow________here.A．peoplesmokingB．peoplesmokeC．tosmokeD．smoking【解析】　句意为：——这里允许吸烟吗？——抱歉，这里不允许吸烟。allow允许，这个词的用法如下：allowsb.todosth.；allowdoingsth.。如：Wedon’tallowtalkingloudlyinthehall.由此可知allow后有宾语时应用todo，而没有时用doing。【答案】　D3．Hewasinpoorhealth，sothedoctor________himtodrinkwine.A．hopedB．demandedC．forbadeD．prevented【解析】　由于身体差，医生禁止他喝酒，用forbid。【答案】　Cobject(1)vi.不赞成，反对 Weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis.我们抗议这种待遇。Iobjectedthathewastooyoungfortheposition.我提出反对意见他太年轻不适合这个职位。(2)n.物体，目标HisobjectofstudyingEnglishistoknowmoreaboutEnglandandtheEnglishpeople.他学习英语的目的是更多地了解英国和英国人民。objectionn．反对；不赞成have/take/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth.对……表示反对raiseanobjectiontosth.对……提出异议Mymainobjectiontotheplanisthatitcoststoomuch.我反对该计划的主要理由是它费用太高。4．We________topunishingawholegroupforoneperson’sfault.A．complainB．objectC．opposeD．resist【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意为：我们反对因为一个人的过失而去惩罚所有的人。complain抱怨，悲叹，控诉；object反对；objecttodoing反对做……；oppose反对，使对立，使对抗；resist抵抗，反抗，忍得住。【答案】　Bowevt.(1)欠(钱、物、债等)，后面通常跟直接宾语和间接宾语，即：owesb.sth.或owesth.tosb.。Don’tforgetyoustillowe150yuantothewineshop.别忘了，你还欠酒店150元钱呢。(2)owe...to...把……归功于……Heoweshissuccesstohardworkandpractice.他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。IfIhaveimprovedinanyway，Ioweitalltomyteacher.如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。(3)owe亦可解释为“应当给予……”。Youowemeanapology.你得向我道歉。 Weshoulddothedutywhichweowetoourcountry.我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。(1)owingto＝becauseof因为，由于，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，构成介词短语，表原因。Owingtotherain，theycouldnotcome.由于下雨，他们不能来了。(2)oweittosb.that...IoweittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.多亏你帮忙，我才及时完成了工作。5．Sheoweshersuccess________goodluckmorethan________ability.A．to；andB．of；toC．to；toD．to；in【解析】　本题意中owe的含义是“归功于”的意思，应与介词to连用。句中morethan的意思是“而不是”，用做连词连接两个介词短语，句意为“她的成功是由于幸运，而不是由于有才干”。【答案】　Cbother(1)vt.打扰；vi.操心Idon’twanttobotheryouwithmyproblems.我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。Don’tbotherMarywhileshe’sreading.玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。Itbothersmethathehasn’tbeentellingmethetruth.他一直没有对我讲真话，这让我很苦恼。(2)n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人Ihatetobeabother，butcouldIuseyourphone?给您添麻烦了，我可以用一下电话吗？6．I’mverysorrytohave________youwithsomanyquestionsonsuchanoccasion.A．attractedB．abstractedC．impressedD．bothered【解析】　对不起，有这么多问题麻烦你。bother打扰，麻烦。【答案】　D payoff还清(债务等)，付清，回报Ipaidoffallthedebtsafteryearsofhardwork.经过几年的艰苦劳动我还清了所有的债务。Allhiseffortspaidoffatlast.他所有努力最终有了回报。辨析：payfor，payback与payoff(1)payfor表示“付……的钱”“因……而受惩罚”。Shepaid200dollarsforthatring.她买那个戒指花了两百美元。(2)payback偿还；报复Canyoulendme￡10？I’llpayyoubackonFriday.你能借给我10英镑吗？我星期五就还你。Hepaidmebackbynotcoming.他不来，以此来报复我。(3)payoff意为“还清(债务)”“结算清薪水解雇”“成功”等。Ittookthemthreeyearstopayofftheirdebts.他们用了3年才还清了债务。7．—LiFengwonthefirstprizeinthenationalEnglishcompetition.—Oh，really？I’mgladthathereffortsatlast________.A．workedoutB．gotbackC．paidoffD．turnedout【解析】　下句意为“我很高兴她的努力最后获得回报”。payoff(指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果，成功，行得通。又如：Thegamblepaidoff.赌赢了。【答案】　Cinfavourof赞成，支持Areyouinfavourofcloningoragainstcloning?你赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？Ispokeinfavouroftheplan.我发言赞同这项计划Couldyoudomeafavourandturnoffthelight?请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？CouldyoudomethefavourtopickupSamfromschooltoday?今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？8．(2006年陕西卷)Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas________it. A．infavourofB．inmemoryofC．inhonourofD．insearchof【解析】　本题考查介词短语的辨析。此处while表示转折对比，against表示反对。故选用infavourof表示“赞成”。B表示“为纪念”；C表示“为了向……表示敬意”；D表示“寻找”，均不合题意。【答案】　AThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。(1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如：here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，intheroom，onthewall等置于句首时，句子倒装。Look，herecomesthebus.看，公共汽车来了。Outrushedthechildren.孩子们冲了出去。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。(2)本句中的news与thatDollybadbecomeseriouslyill是同位语关系。常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，fear等。Hehadnoideawhenshewouldcomeback.他不知道她何时会回来。ThethoughtthatLaoLiwouldopenarestaurantinNewYorksurprisedhiswife.老李要在纽约开饭店的想法让他的妻子非常吃惊。HegotamessagefromMrJohnsonthatthemanagercouldnotseehimthatafternoon.他从约翰逊先生那里得到消息，经理那天下午不能同他会面了。9．(2010届安徽合肥168中学月考)________alloverthehillsandaroundthelakearewildflowersofdifferentkinds.A．TogrowB．GrowingC．GrownD．Grow【解析】　考查倒装句。为保持句子平衡，或使上下文衔接更紧，可把介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起完全倒装。本题中把分词提到了句首。正常语序为：Wildflowersofdifferentkindsaregrowingalloverthehillsandaroundthelake.【答案】　B 10．(2010届南京金陵中学月考)Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome________Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.A．ifB．whenC．thatD．which【解析】　that引导同位语从句，解释awarmthought的具体内容。that只起连接作用，但不能省略。【答案】　CⅠ.单词拼写1．Olympicbasketballrules________(不同)slightlyfromtheNBArules.Insteadoffourperiods，lasting12minuteseach，therearetwoperiods，lasting20minuteseach.【答案】　differ2．The36storiedbuildingisoneofthemostchallengingprojectstheconstructioncompanyhaveever________(承担)．【答案】　undertaken3．Mymother________(禁止)metoplaycomputergamesforalongtimebecauseshethinkstheywillruinmystudyandfuture.【答案】　forbids4．—Wouldit________(麻烦)youifIaskyouafewquestions?—Notatall.【答案】　bother5．Somescientistsputforwarda(n)________(设想)thathumanbeingscanmovetoanotherplanetincasetheearthisnotfittoliveonsomeday.【答案】　assumptionⅡ.巧思妙解1．Onemoreday，________I’llgeteverythingready.A．orB．whileC．andD．but【解析】　考查特殊句式。此句是“祈使句/名词短语＋and＋简单句”句型，相当于“IfIhaveonemoreday，I’llgeteverythingready.”。【答案】　C2．Sharesomeofyourswiththoseingreatneedandyou________adifference.A．willmakeB．make C．madeD．havemade【解析】　本句是“祈使句/名词短语＋and＋简单句”句型，根据所给语境可知简单句中的动作尚未发生，因此用一般将来时。【答案】　A3．Followyourdoctor’sadvice，________yourcoughwillgetworse.A．orB．andC．thenD．so【解析】　“祈使句＋or＋简单句”是一个常见的基本句式，意思是“干某事，否则就会……”。【答案】　A4．Startoutrightaway，________you’llmissthefirsttrain.A．andB．butC．orD．while【解析】　此题考查“祈使句/名词短语＋and/or＋句子”这一句型。这一句型在高考中经常考查，要特别注意祈使句省略动词的情况：(Walk)onemorestep，andthelittleboywillfallintothewell.【答案】　C5．________andI’llgettheworkfinished.A．HaveonemorehourB．OnemorehourC．GivenonemorehourD．IfIhaveonemorehour【解析】　句意为：“再有一小时，我将完成工作”。此题考查“祈使句＋and句式”。【答案】　BⅢ.情景交际1．(2010届重庆一中期中测试)—Canyouaccompanyyourlittlebrothertothepostofficenow?—________，ifheisready.A．ByallmeansB．NowayC．MypleasureD．Innocase【解析】　考查交际用语。byallmeans可以，当然可以。noway决不；mypleasure不客气，很荣幸，回答他人道谢时的用语；innocase决不，无论如何不。【答案】　A 2．(2010届山西实验中学月考)—Youmusthavehadagoodtimeatthepartylastnight，didn’tyou?—________.Actually，itwasabitboring.A．Oh，greatB．IsupposesoC．NotreallyD．That’sOK【解析】　考查交际用语。依据下文的“事实上，晚会有点乏味”可知，C选项符合题意。【答案】　C3．(2010届淄博检测)—I’vegottheinvitationtoyourschool，MrJohnson.—Oh，good.________.A．Howdoyoulikeit?B．Haveyoureadit?C．Canyoucome?D．MayIhelpyou?【解析】　考查交际用语。根据“I’vegottheinvitationtoyourschool”可知，答语应该为“你来吗？”【答案】　C4．(2010届绵阳中学月考)—Tom，I’msorrytosaythatIcan’tgotowatchtonight’smatchwithyou，forIhavetoprepareforthecomingexam.—________Havesomefun!A．Don’thavetoomanyironsinthefire.B．Don’tbeawetblanket.C．Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse.D．Don’tpullmyleg.【解析】　Don’tbeawetblanket意思是：别这么让人扫兴。句意为：——汤姆，对不起，我今天晚上不能和你一起去看比赛了，因为我要为即将到来的考试做准备。——别这么令人扫兴，玩吧！A项意为“别揽太多事”；C项意为“本末倒置”；D项意为“别开我玩笑了”。【答案】　B5．(2010届济宁检测)—HowdoyoufindthenewbookbyJ．K.Rowling?—________.Iguesssheisoutofhertalent.A．Withthehelpofmymother B．ByaccidentC．VeryboringD．Inthelibrary【解析】　“Howdoyoufind...”表示“你认为……怎么样”，因此只有veryboring符合题意。【答案】　CⅣ.语法专练本单元语法—同位语从句1．(2010届南昌二中月考)Afewyearsagothebeliefbecamegeneral________orangejuiceandmilkshouldneverbedrunkatthesamemeal.A．whichB．thatC．andthatD．what【解析】　that引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词thebelief。这句话把同位语从句放在了谓语动词之后，是为了平衡句子，免得头重脚轻。【答案】　B2．(2010届江苏常州教学质量调研)Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars________roadconditionsneed________.A．that；tobeimprovedB．which；tobeimprovedC．where；improvingD．when；improving【解析】　第一空处为that引导的同位语从句；need后面要接tobedone或doing表示被动。因此A项正确。【答案】　A3．(2009年潍坊市高三第二次质检)Therearesigns________readingclassicsisbecomingmorepopularwithstudents.A．whichB．thatC．whetherD．when【解析】　考查同位语从句的判断及用法。readingclassicsisbecomingmorepopularwithstudents是叙述的一件事情，作signs的同位语，用以解释它的内容，故选that。【答案】　B4．(2009年南通市高三第一次调研测试)Nobodywouldstandoutadmittingthefact，forsomereason，________theylostthegame. A．thatB．whichC．whatD．why【解析】　同位语从句。theylostthegame作thefact的同位语，用以解释thefact的内容，故用that引导。【答案】　A5．(2009年南京市高三年级质量调研)Thenewscame，asexpected，________mycousinwaschosentobeaforeignaiddoctortogotoAfricawherepeoplearesufferingalotfromAIDS.A．itB．thatC．whatD．which【解析】　本题考查同位语。that引导的同位语从句解释news的内容。【答案】　B