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1、CHAPTER17COST-VOLUME-PROFITANALYSISQUESTIONSFORWRITINGANDDISCUSSION3801.CVPanalysisallowsmanagerstofocusonprices,volume,costs,profits,andsalesmix.Manydifferent“what-if”questionscanbeaskedtoassesstheeffectonprofitsofchangesinkeyvariables.2.Theunits-soldapproachdefinessalesvolumeinterm
2、sofunitsofproductandgivesanswersinthesesameterms.Thesales-revenueapproachdefinessalesvolumeintermsofrevenuesandprovidesanswersinthesesameterms.3.Break-evenpointisthelevelofsalesactivitywheretotalrevenuesequaltotalcosts,orwherezeroprofitsareearned.4.Atthebreak-evenpoint,allfixedcostsa
3、recovered.Abovethebreak-evenpoint,onlyvariablecostsneedtobecovered.Thus,contributionmarginperunitisprofitperunit,providedthattheunitsellingpriceisgreaterthantheunitvariablecost(whichitmustbeforbreak-eventobeachieved).5.Thecontributionmarginisverylikelynegative(variablecostsaregreater
4、thanrevenue).Whenthishappens,increasingsalesvolumejustmeansincreasinglosses.6.Variablecostratio=Variablecosts/Sales.Contributionmarginratio=Contributionmargin/Sales.Also,Contributionmarginratio=1–Variablecostratio.Basically,contributionmarginandvariablecostssumtosales.Therefore,ifcon
5、tributionmarginaccountsforaparticularpercentageofsales,variablecostsaccountfortherest.7.Theincreaseincontributionmarginratiomeansthattheamountofeverysalesdollarthatgoestowardcoveringfixedcostandprofithasjustgoneup.Asaresult,thebreak-evenpointwillgodown.8.No.Theincreaseincontributioni
6、s$9,000(0.3×$30,000),andtheincreaseinadvertisingis$10,000.Thisisanimportantexamplebecausethewaytheproblemisphrasedinfluencesustocompareincreasedrevenuewithincreasedfixedcost.Thiscomparisonisirrelevant.Theimportantcomparisonisbetweencontributionmarginandfixedcost.9.Salesmixistherelati
7、veproportionsoldofeachproduct.Forexample,asalesmixof4:1meansthat,onaverage,ofeveryfiveunitssold,fourareofthefirstproductandoneisofthesecondproduct.10.Packagesofproducts,basedontheexpectedsalesmix,aredefinedasasingleproduct.PriceandcostinformationforthispackagecanthenbeusedtocarryoutC
8、VPanalysis.1