cost management∶accounting and control 第六章解答手册

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1、CHAPTER6PRODUCTANDSERVICECOSTING:APROCESSSYSTEMSAPPROACHQUESTIONSFORWRITINGANDDISCUSSION981.Aprocessisaseriesofactivities(operations)thatarelinkedtoperformacertainobjective.Forexample,thebottlingprocessofapainmedicationmanufacturerconsistsoffourlinkedactivities:loading,counting,

2、capping,andpacking.2.Processcostingistypicallyusedforcompanieswhereunitsarehomogeneousandmassproduced.Processcostingcollectscostsbyprocess(department)foragivenperiodoftime.Unitcostsarecomputedbydividingthesecostsbythedepartment’soutputmeasuredforthesameperiodoftime.Processcostin

3、gusesmultiplework-in-processaccountsandusesacostofproductionreporttosummarizethecostandworkactivityforadepartment.Whenworkiscompletedinadepartment,thecostoftheworkistransferredtothenextdepartment.Thefinaldepartmenttransferstheworktofinishedgoods.Job-ordercostingisusedforcompanie

4、sthatproduceheterogeneousproducts(oftencustommade).Job-ordercostingcollectscostsdatabyjob.Unitcostsarecomputedbydividingthejob’scostsbytheunitsproducedinthejob.Costsandworkactivityarecollectedonthejob-ordercostsheet.Whenworkiscompleted,itistransferredtofinishedgoods.3.Thework-in

5、-processaccountofthereceivingdepartmentisdebited,andthework-in-processaccountofthetransferringdepartmentiscredited.Thefinishedgoodsaccountisdebited,andthework-in-processaccountofthefinaldepartmentiscrediteduponcompletionoftheproduct.4.Transferred-incostsarethemanufacturingcostst

6、ransferredfromapriordepartmenttothecurrentreceivingdepartment.5.Transferred-inunitsrepresentpartiallycompletedunitsandareclearlyamaterialforthereceivingdepartment.Tocompletetheproduct(orfurtherprocessit),additionaldirectmaterialsandconversioncostsareaddedbythereceivingdepartment

7、.6.Aproductionreportsummarizestheactivityandcostsassociatedwithaprocessforagivenperiod.Itshowsthephysicalflow,theequivalentunits,theunitcost,andvaluesofendingworkinprocessandgoodstransferredout.Thereportservesthesamefunctionasajob-ordercostsheetinajob-ordercostingsystem.7.Proces

8、scostingcanbeusedforserviceorganizationsprovide