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时间:2018-07-06
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1、Unit2WaterSources1.(1)(2)Becausetheflowofariverfluctuatesand,afterlongperiodsoflittleornorainoveritscatchmentarea,itmaydiminishtoatrickleorevencease.Itisessentialtobuildreservoirstokeepenoughwaterduringdryspellswhereawatersupplyschemedependsonariverasitssourc
2、e.3.(1)Waterisstoredandtransmittedthroughthehydrologicalcycle.Thewaterisheldtemporarilyin,andcanthereforebedrawnfromthegroundwatersystem,ponds,lakes,andstreamchannels.Duringdryweatherthedrainageofthesesubsystemsofthehydrologicalcycleprovidesthesupplyuponwhich
3、allhumanendeavordepends.Itneedstobestressedthatsurfacewaterandgroundwatersuppliesarerelated.Watercanflowfromonesubsystemtotheother,andtheuseofdisruptionofonecomponentcanimpairthevalueoftheother.水通过水文循环储存和传输,由于水具有流动性,只能在某一瞬间储存在地球上的不同空间位置,因此我们可以从地下水系统、池塘、湖泊、水渠中
4、抽取水。在干旱期,水文循环中这些子系统的出水量取决于人类的努力程度。需要注意的是地表水和地下水是相关的,水可以从一个子系统流动到另一个子系统,因此当其中一部分水被利用或补给中断后,另一部分的水量就会减少。4.(1)surfacewaterandgroundwater(2)theratioofthevolumeofwaterthatcanbedrainedbygravitytothegrossvolumeofsoil(3)freesurfaceofunconfinedaquiferandhydrostaticpre
5、ssureofconfinedaquifer(4)Bothwellsandinfiltrationgalleriesarecollectionworks.(5)Whenawellispumped,theconeofdepressionisencounteredinaquifer.Unit3Thepropertyofwater3.(1)Thebiologicalcharacteristicsofwater,relatedprimarilytotheresidentaquaticpopulationofmicroor
6、ganisms,impactdirectlyonwaterquality.Watermayserveasamediuminwhichliterallythousandsofbiologicalspeciesspendpart,ifnotall,oftheirlifecycles.Aquaticorganismsrangeinsizeandcomplexityfromthesmallestsingle-cellmicroorganismstothelargestfish.与水生微生物的含量密切相关的生物特征能够直接
7、影响水质。水可以作为生物的生活媒介,成千上万中生物在水里度过它们生命的某些阶段,有的甚至一生都在水里度过。水生生物的体积变化范围很大,组成也很复杂,既有世界上最小的单细胞微生物,也有世界上最大的鱼类。4(1)suchastheconcentrationsofthecompoundofcalciumhydroxide,magnesiumcarbonate,andsodiumbicarbonate(2)nonbiodegradableorganicmatter(3)tracenutrientsinwater(4)Pa
8、rametersassociatedwithphysicalcharacteristicsofwaterincludeodor,turbidityandsuspendedsolids.(5)Thetotalcoliformgroupisusuallyusedasindicatororganism.Unit5Water-supplysystem1(1)Itisthearea
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