学生贷款还款和回收：国际比较[文献翻译]

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1、外文题目：Studentloansrepaymentandrecover:internationalcomparisons出处：HigherEducation作者：AdrianZiderman,HuaShen原文：Studentloansrepaymentandrecovery:internationalcomparisonsGovernment-sponsoredstudentloansschemesareinplaceinsome70countriesandregionsroundtheworld.Studentloansschemes,usuallyconcernedwithte

2、rtiaryeducation,areofparticularinteresttogovernmentsbecausetheseschemesareabletocontributetothesolutionofarangeofpressingpolicyproblemsthatgovernmentsface.Studentloansareabletorelievepressuresonnationalbudgetsbyfacilitatinggreatercostsharingthoughtheraisingoftuitionandotheruniversityfees.Theybot

3、henablestudentstoavoidtheburdenoftheup-frontpaymentofincreasedtuitionfees,aswellasenablingthemtodelayloanrepaymentuntiltheyareinreceiptofthehighersalariesthatgenerallyaccruetouniversitygraduates.Liberatedresourcescanbeusedinareasofgreaterpriorityforsociety,bothoutsideandwithintheeducationsectora

4、ndnotablybasiceducation.Greatercostrecoverycanprovideadditionalfundsfortheexpansionoftheuniversitysystem,toaccommodateincreasesinthesocialdemandfortertiaryeducation.Targetedatthedisadvantaged,subsidizedloansschemesmayleadtogreateraccesstouniversityeducationforthepoorandminoritygroups,thuscontrib

5、utingtosocialequity.Andloansofferedatfavorableconditionsforstudyinparticularfields,canleadtoalooseningofskilledmanpowerbottlenecksthatinhibitsocial,economicandindustrialdevelopment.Considerabledifferencesareevidentinloansschemesacrosscountries.Schemesdiffernotonlyintheunderlyingobjectivespursued,

6、butalsoinsuchparametersasorganizationalstructure,sourcesofinitialfunding,studentcoverage,loansallocationproceduresandcollectionmethods.Howeverthereisoneelementthatiscommontoalmostallgovernment-sponsoredloansschemes:theyarehighlysubsidizedbygovernments.Thismeansthat,unlikecommercialloans,asizeabl

7、eproportionofthetotalloansoutlaybytheloansbody,beitgovernmentdepartment,loansschemeauthorityorcommercialbank,willnotbereceivedbackinrepayment.Thisgapbetweentotalloandisbursementsandoverallloansrecoveryisaccountedforbytwoelem