房屋政策——福利与经济发展之间的联系【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：Housingpolicy——thelinkbetweenwelfareandeconomicdevelopment1.IntroductionTheexpansionofthehousingstockhasbeenoneofthemostvisiblechangesinEuropeancitiesinrecentdecades;newhomesandnewresidentialareasdominatemanyoftheurbanlandscapes.Theincreaseinthenumberofhomesreflectsth

2、edevelopmentoftheeconomyandthesteadilyrisinglevelofaffluence，aswellastheso-calledseconddemographictransitionthathasresultedinanunprecedentedgrowthofthenumberofhouseholds.Thisincreasereadilytranslatedintodemandforhousing.InsomecountriesespeciallythoseinNorthwesternEuropethedemographicc

3、hangescameearlierthanelsewhere;therearealsosignificantvariationsinthepolicyresponses，dependingonnationalculturesandpoliticaltraditions，aswellasonthevagariesofthedevelopmentofthenationaleconomies.Butwhereverstateregulationadoptedsomevariantofthewelfare-statemodel，housinghasbeenamajorpo

4、licyingredient.Over60percentofthecurrenthousingstockinNorthwesternEuropewasbuiltafter1945(FeddesandDieleman，1996).Inoneformoranother，muchofthisconstructionhasbeensubsidized，andthehugeamountofmoneythisrequiredlargelyaccountsforthefactthathomebuildingprogramsandtheirdifferentiationremai

5、nedhighonthepoliticalagenda.2.ChangingmodesofregulationInNorthwesternEurope，housinghaslongbeenconsideredcrucialtothewellbeingofnations.Consequently，theprovisionofaffordablehousingofgoodqualityenjoyedhighpriority.Theextenttowhichthatpolicyagendahasbeenputintopracticeisvisibleinthecompo

6、sitionofthehousingstockandistangibleintheavailabilityofhousingsubsidies.Becausehousingmarketregulationwasmeanttoensurefairaccessatareasonableprice，ithasfavoredlowincomegroups.Thus，socialhousingaccountedforoverhalfofallnewconstructioninSwedenandtheNetherlandsafter1950.Inbothcountriesas

7、elsewhereresidentialconstructioncostswereloweredbysubsidies，whilehousingexpensesweremadebearablebyhousingallowances.Forthosewhodonotqualifyforsuchdirectbenefits，therearetaxbreaksthatreducehousingcosts.Inadditiontofiscalsubsidies，manyEuropeancountriesspendhugesumsondirecthousingsubsidi

8、es;in