创新和企业绩效[外文翻译]

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1、本科毕业论文（设计）外文翻译原文：InnovationandfirmperformanceFactorsinfluencingthedecisiontoinnovateSeveralstudiesempiricallytestthepropensityoffirmstoinnovate.Felder,etal.(1996)usedtheMannheimInnovationPaneltotesttherelationbetweenR&Dandotherinnovationexpenditures.Thedatasetcontainsasmallfirm

2、subsetcontainingfirmswith5uptill49workers.Theparticipationdecisiontoinnovateraisesstronglywithsize.However,onceinnovating,theamountsinvestedaspercentageoftotalsalesislargerwithsmallfirmsthanwithlargefirms.ThisisconfirmedbyVossen&Nooteboom(1996).Thiseffectismostpronouncedforthet

3、otalinnovationexpenditures.TherelationshipbetweenfirmsizeandR&DseemsU-shaped.Vossen&NooteboomconcludethatsmallfirmsparticipatelessinR&D,butatagreaterintensityandwithagreaterproductivityoncetheyparticipate(Vossen&Nooteboom,1996,167).AlsoKleinknecht(2000)andKleinknechtandMohnen(2

4、002)foundthatthepropensitytoinnovateispositivelyrelatedwithsizealthoughtherelationshipmaynotbelinearandthatamongtheinnovators,smallerfirmstendtohavehighersharesinsalesofinnovativeproducts.Lööfetal.(2001)usedOECDandCISdataintheirempiricalwork.UsingaCobb-Douglasproductionfunction

5、theytrytoexplainvariationinproductivitygrowthbetweentheNordiccountries,usingstandardinputs(labourandcapital)andtheinnovationinvestmentvariable,whichsubstitutestheR&Dvariable.UsingaCrépon,DuguetandMairessemodel(1998)theyestimatethefollowingfourequations:(1)firms’prosperitytoinno

6、vate/decisiontoinnovate;(2)innovationinputs(innovationinvestmentperworker);(3)innovationoutput(logofinnovationsalesperworker);and(4)productivity(salesperemployee).Throughputisnotformallyincludedinthissetofequations.Atwo-stepinvestmentmodelisapplied:First,thedecisiontoengageinre

7、searchmustbetaken(eq.1);Next,conditionalonengaginginresearch,theamountofinvestmentmustbedecidedupon(eq.2).ThedecisiontoinnovateismodelledasaProbit[0,1]model.ToexplainthepropensitytoinnovateLööfetal.(2001)usethefollowingvariables:firmsize(employees),exportintensity,priorpatentap

8、plications,%non-R&Dengineers,%administratorsandseveral