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1、InvitedPaperNovelLaserBeamSteeringTechniquesHansDieterThollDept.ofOptronics&LaserTechniquesDiehlBGTDefencePOBox101155,88641Überlingen,GermanyABSTRACTThepapersummarizeslaserbeamsteeringtechniquesforpowerbeaming,sensing,andcommunicationapplications.Principlesandcharacteristicsofnovelmechanical,mic
2、ro-mechanicalandnon-mechanicaltechniquesarecompiled.Micro-lensbasedcoarsebeamsteeringincombinationwithliquidcrystalorelectro-opticalphasecontrolforfinesteeringispresentedinmoredetail.Thisreviewaddressesbeamsteeringdeviceswhichmodulatethephasedistributionacrossalaserbeamandexcludesintra-cavitybea
3、msteering,beamsteeringbasedoncombiningtuneablelaserswithdispersiveopticalelements,activeopticalphasedarrays,andopticalwaveguides.Keywords:Laserbeamsteering,opticalphasedarrays,decenteredmicro-lenses,spatiallightmodulators1.INTRODUCTIONTheintegrationoflaserpowerbeaming,laser-assistedsensing,andla
4、sercommunicationsubsystemsintoautonomousvehicles,airborneandspaceplatformsdemandsnewtechniquestosteeralaserbeam.Thenewtechniquesshouldpromotetherealizationofbeamsteeringdeviceswithlargeopticalapertureswhichareconformallyintegratedintothemechanicalstructureoftheplatform.Thewishlistofrequirementsc
5、omprisewell-knownproperties:compact,lightweight,lowpower,agile,multi-spectral,largefieldofregard.Theangularspreadofalaserbeam,especiallyforlongrangeapplications,isinherentlysmallbecauseofthehighantennagainofaperturesatopticalwavelengths.Consequently,thedirectionofpropagationofalaserbeamisgeneral
6、lycontrolledintwosteps:(1)Aturretwithgimballedopticalelementspointsthefield-of-viewofatransmitting/receivingtelescopeintotherequireddirectionandcompensatesforplatformmotionswithmoderateaccuracyandspeed.(2)Abeamsteeringdevicesteersthelaserbeamwithinthefield-of-viewofthetelescopeinordertoacquirean
7、dtrackatarget.Thesubjectmatterofthisreviewarenovellaserbeamsteeringtechniques.Beamsteeringdevicesarecapableof•pointingalaserbeamrandomlywithinawidefield-of-regard,•steppingthebeaminsmallincrementsfromoneangularpositiontothen