《新编英语语法教程》语法术语精编

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1、《新编英语语法教程》主要章节语法术语1.Morpheme词素Freemorpheme自由词素Boundmorpheme粘附词素Allomorph词素变体Introduction:GrammaticalHierarchy(导论—语法层次)2.Partsofspeech(wordclass)Simplewords简单词Derivatives派生词Compounds复合词*(1)ClassificationintermsofwordformationOpen-classwords(contentwords)开放词类（实义词）Closed-classwords(func

2、tionwords)封闭词类（功能词）Intermediateclass(中间词类)*(2)ClassificationintermsofgrammaticalfunctionWords词NounVerbAdjectiveAdverbPrepositionPronounDeterminerConjunctionAuxiliaryNumeralsInterjectionNounphraseVerbphraseAdjectivephraseAdverbphrasePrepositionphraseConjunctionAuxiliary153.Phrases词组（1

3、）Independentclause&Subordinateclause独立分句和从属分句（2）Simpleclause&Complexclause(*complexsentence)简单分句和复杂分句（*复杂句）（3）Mainclause&Subordinateclause主句和从句（4）Finiteclause，non-finiteclauseandVerblessclause限定分句、非限定分句、无动词分句4.Clause分句(1)Fullsentence&Minorsentence完全句和不完全句(2)Simplesentence,Compoundsen

4、tence,Complexsentence&Compoundcomplexsentence简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句(3)Declarativesentence,imperativesentence,interrogativesentence,exclamatorysentence5.Sentence句子Lecture1SentenceStructure（L1）Sentenceelements:S(subject)主语V(predicateverb)谓语动词O(object)宾语C(complement)补足语A(Adverbial)状语1.Twoway

5、sofsentenceanalysis1)SVOSentenceClauseNPVPNP15SubjectPredicateverbObjectAllthemanhavedonetheirbest.Sentence=Subject+Predicate(PredicateVerb+Object,Complement,Adverbial,etc.)l句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为谓语动词、宾语、补语、状语等。2)Subject+Predicate(=operator+predication)SentenceClauseSubjectPredicateOpe

6、ratorPredicationAllthemanhavedonetheirbest.l句子由主语和谓语构成，进一步把谓语剖析为操作词（operator）和述谓成分（predication）。2.BasicclausetypesSVC,SV,SVA,SVO,SVOA,SVOC,SVoOLecture2Subject-VerbConcord（L2-3）Guidingprinciples:GrammaticalConcordNotionalConcordPrincipleofProximity语法一致原则意义一致原则就近原则NominalclauseNon-fini

7、teclauseRelativeclauseCleftsentenceExistentialclause名词性分句非限定分句关系分句分裂句存在句Lecture3NounandNounPhrase（L4-5）1.Classificationofnouns15Partitive(UnitNoun)单位词2.CasesofNounsNominativecase/Subjectivecase（主格）Accusativecase/Objectivecase（宾格）Genitivecase（属格）/Possessivecase（所有格）Dativecase（受事格/与格）I

8、ndependentGe