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1、Thankyouverymuchforinvitingmetothe“InternationalWhaleSymposium”atUlsan,theRepublicofKorea.MynameisHisashiHamaguchi.IteachculturalanthropologyatSonodaWomen’sCollege,Amagakai,Japan.IhavestudiedthewhalingculturesofJapanandBequia,asmallislandintheCaribbeanSea.Today,Iwouldliketopresentabriefs
2、ummaryofthe“historyofwhalinginJapanandwhalemeatinJapanesefoodculture.”Mypresentationisdividedintothreeparts,asthisslideshows.1)HistoryofwhalinginJapan,2)WhalingincontemporaryJapan,and3)WhalemeatinJapanesefoodculture.Iwillthenpresentmyconclusions.LetusbeginwithabriefhistoryofwhalinginJapa
3、n.Cetaceansaregenerallydivideintolargeandsmallbasedontheirlength.Largeones(over3-4meters)arecalled“whales”,andsmallones(lessthan3-4meters)arecalled“dolphins/porpoises.”Comparedwithwhales,itiseasytocatchdolphins/porpoises.Sowethinkthedolphin/porpoisehuntingwasdevelopedfirst.Alotofdolphinb
4、ones(e.g.Pacificwhite-sideddolphins,short-beakedcommondolphins)andstonespearpointswerefoundattheMawakisite,IshikawaPrefecture.ThisshowsthatthedolphinhuntingwasconductedintheEarlyJomonperiod(4000-3000B.C.).Sowehaveahistoryofdolphinhuntingforover5000years.Howaboutwhalingofthelargecetaceans
5、?Wethinkpeopleusedstrandedwhalesatfirst.Itwaseasytousethestrandedwhales,andwasnotnecessarytohavetheelaboratedskillsassociatedwithhunting.Thosewhohadknownalargequantityofmeatandblubberfromastrandedwhalestartedactivewhalingasthenextstep.Thiswasbecausetherewasnoguaranteeofanotherstrandedwha
6、le.Thelargecetaceans,suchasrightwhalesandgraywhales,usedtomigrateintheneighboringwatersofJapan.Itwaseasytocatchthembecausetheyswamslowly.Thatiswhypeoplewentouttohuntthesewhales.Inthe1570s,awhalingmethodcalled“Tsukitori-hou”(whalingwithhand-harpoons)beganintheIseBay.Althoughthismethodgave
7、whalersacertaindegreeofsuccess,itwastooinefficientduetothestruck-and-lostrates.Aftermuchtrialanderror,whalersinventedanewwhalingmethodcalled“Amitori-hou”(whalingwithnets)inTaijiin1675.Thisnewmethodincreasedcatchingefficiencyconsiderablyanddecreasedthestruck-and-lostrates.
