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1、AGraduateCourseComparingtheMajorTypesofUrbanModelsRobertA.JohnstonDept.ofEnvironmentalScience&PolicyUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,CA95616Ph:530582-0700rajohnston@ucdavis.educorrespondingauthorandMichaelJ.ClayInstituteforTransportationStudiesUniversityofCalifornia,
2、Davis,CA95616Ph:530752-6303mjclay@ucdavis.eduSubmittedtotheJournalofPlanningEducationandResearchFebruary15,2004WordCount:6,772including2figures.29AbstractWedescribeourexperienceteachinganoverviewcourseonurbanmodelingforgraduatestudentsattheUniversityofCalifornia,
3、Davis.Itwasdecidedattheoutsetthatwewouldletthestudentsrunactualcalibratedmodelsinthisclass.ThismaybethefirstcoursewherestudentswereexposedtoGISmodels,aswellastospatialcompetition(economic)models.Weconcludethattheactivelearningformatwassuccessfulingettingthestuden
4、tstounderstandthepurposesofthevarioustypesofmodelsandtheirlimitations.MotivationEffectiveurbanplanningandinfrastructureinvestmentrelyonourabilitytoassessfutureneedstoday.Modelsareoneinstrumentforobtainingprojectionsofwhatfutureconditionswillbe.Whilemodelscanbeuse
5、fultools,therearebarriersthatdiscouragetheirusemorebroadly.Oneoftheearliestcriticismsofurbanmodelswasthattheyaretoocomplicatedformanypeopletoreadilyunderstand(Lee,1973).Thisproducesthe“blackbox”effectinwhichdecisionmakersandcitizensarelefttotrustthemodeloutputswi
6、thoutsufficientexplanationofhowthoseoutputsweregenerated.Whiletheuseoflarge-scaleurbanmodelshasincreasedinrecentyears(TMIP,1998;Wegener,1994),theprimaryuserofanyurbanmodelismostoftenitscreator.Thissituationmaybechanging.Evidenceofthegrowinginterestinthesemodelsis
7、demonstratedbythenumberofmodelapplicationsintheUnitedStateswithinthelastfewyears(seeTable1).Thesemodelscansufferfromanumberofproblems,rangingfrompoordocumentation,tocomplicatedornon-existentuserinterfaces,toclosed-codelicensing.29Eachoftheseissuespresentsobstacle
8、stothebroaderunderstanding,use,anddevelopmentnotonlyofthesemodelsspecifically,buttothefieldofurbanmodelingmoregenerally.Recently,theUniversityofCaliforniaTrans
