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1、上海洛基国际英语--------本科学、专科高级英语——重点语法剖析系列三thathelpsusfightinfections.Itdoesthisbyidentifyingforeignobjects,andlaunchedwiththebody'swhitebloodcellsfighttodefendthebody.Forsomepeople,theirimmunesystemwillbeanumberofnon-toxicsubstancesmistakenintruder,whilewhitebloodcellsove
2、rreactinthebodycausingmoredamagethantheintruder.Therefore,anallergicreactionitselfbecomesadisease.Commonallergieshaveasthma,eczemaandhayfever.Infectiousdiseaseisageneraltermformanytypesofdiseases,whichiscausedbypathogens,inahuman,animalorhuman-animalandanimal-bornedi
3、seasesbetween.Themostcommonsuchas (3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义:deceased,departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,grown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-travelled,newlyarrived,recentlycome。如:anescapedprisoner一个逃犯aretiredworker一位退休工人afadedcurtain一个褪了色的窗帘anewl
4、yarrivedstudent一个新来的学生2.分词做状语,注意区分分词的一般式与完成式 (1)表示时间,多置于句首,注意如果分词表示的动作的时间先于谓语动词,要用完成式。如:Havingcompletedonetask,westartedonanotherone. (complete先于start之前发生) (2)表示原因,置于句首句尾均可,根据情况有时要用完成式,有时用一般式。如:Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,beingconsideredinsuffi
5、cientlypopularwithallmembers.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,havingbeendesertedinthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.(3)表示伴随、方式,置于句尾,用分词的一般式。如:Helenborrowedmydictionarytheotherdaysayingthatshewouldreturnitsoon.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,complete
6、lylost totheoutsideworld.(4)表示结果,置于句尾,用分词的一般式。如:Thecityfounditselfinacrisissituationlastsummerwhentheairconditioningondozensofthenewbusesbrokedown,themunusable.(5)表示补充说明(同位),置于句尾,用分词的一般式。如:Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,eachmakingonemajorpoi
7、ntincontrastwiththeother.Fordtrieddividingthelabor,eachworkerassignedaseparatetask. 3.分词的独立主格结构分词的逻辑主语一般为句子的主语,否则分词短语要有自己的逻辑主语,称为分词独立主格结构。分词独立主格结构只是句子的一个部分,但在翻译时经常译成独立的句子,考生要注意英汉两种语言在结构上的区别。如:Allflightshavingbeencanceledbecauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.D
8、arknesssettingin,theyoungcouplelingeredonmerrymaking. 4.分词做表语和补语,尤应注意由使役动词变来的分词的形式(1)现在分词表示主语或宾语的特征,多以事物做(逻辑)主语。如:Hisvictoryinthefi
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