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1、dismay165disperse阅读判断1.Whatisadream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others，however，thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusabo
2、utaperson’smindandemotions.Beforemoderntimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud1，wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,Theint
3、erpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionofaperson’swishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJungwasonceastudentofFreud’s.Jung，however，hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbel
4、ievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythink
5、toolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz，believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson’sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.Domhoffbel
6、ievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen’sd
7、reamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen’sdreams.Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefromculturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodernandtraditionalones.Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquest
