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1、1.howtounderstandtheseparationofpower?Theseparationofpowers,oftenimpreciselyusedinterchangeablywiththetriaspoliticaprinciple,isamodelforthegovernanceofastate(orwhocontrolsthestate).ThemodelwasfirstdevelopedinancientGreece.Underthismodel,thestateisdividedintobranches,eachwithsep
2、arateandindependentpowersandareasofresponsibilitysothatthepowersofonebrancharenotinconflictwiththepowersassociatedwiththeotherbranches.Thetypicaldivisionofbranchesisintoalegislature,anexecutive,andajudiciary.Itcanbecontrastedwiththefusionofpowersinaparliamentarysystemwheretheex
3、ecutiveandlegislature(andsometimespartsofthejudiciary)areunified.三权分立，往往不准确交替使用的三叠纪政治学原则，是一个典范的状态的治理（或谁控制的状态）。在古希腊最早开发的模式。在这种模式下，状态分为分支，每个单独的和独立的权力和责任领域，使得一个部门的权力不与与其他部门相关的权力冲突。分支机构的典型划分成一个立法机关，行政和司法机关。它可以对比权力的议会制度，其中行政机关和立法机关（司法机关有时部分）是统一的融合。Comparisonbetweentripartiteandbipar
4、titenationalsystems[edit]Constitutionswithahighdegreeofseparationofpowersarefoundworldwide.TheUKsystemisdistinguishedbyaparticularentwiningofpowers.InItalythepowersarecompletelyseparated,andeventhoughtheCouncilofMinistersneedsavoteofconfidencefrombothchambersofParliament,thatre
5、presentsalargenumberofmembers(almost1,000).[14]AnumberofLatinAmericancountrieshaveelectoralbranchesofgovernment.CountrieswithlittleseparationofpowerincludeNewZealandandCanada.Canadamakeslimiteduseofseparationofpowersinpractice,althoughintheoryitdistinguishesbetweenbranchesofgov
6、ernment.Completeseparationofpowerssystemsarealmostalwayspresidential,althoughtheoreticallythisneednotbethecase.Thereareafewhistoricalexceptions,suchastheDirectoiresystemofrevolutionaryFrance.Switzerlandoffersanexampleofnon-Presidentialseparationofpowerstoday:Itisrunbyaseven-mem
7、berexecutivebranch,theFederalCouncil.However,somemightarguethatSwitzerlanddoesnothaveastrongseparationofpowerssystem,astheFederalCouncilisappointedbyparliament(butnotdependentonparliament)andalthoughthejudiciaryhasnopowerofreview,thejudiciaryisstillseparatefromtheotherbranches.
8、三方和双方国家制度的比较与宪法权力分立的高度在世界各地找到。英国系统是由权力的特定缠绕在一起区分。在意大利的
