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1、作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2014,40(6):1125−1131http://zwxb.chinacrops.org/ISSN0496-3490;CODENTSHPA9E-mail:xbzw@chinajournal.net.cnDOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01125小麦新型化学杂交剂的筛选宋瑜龙张鹏飞张改生*赵卓军牛娜赵新亮王军卫西北农林科技大学农学院/国家杨凌农业生物技术育种中心/国家小麦改良中心杨凌分中心/小麦育种教育部工程研究中心/陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用
2、重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100摘要:为拓展小麦化控两系途径的药剂种类,降低化学杂交剂(CHA)成本,利用西农1376检验15种化学药剂、4个浓度、3个施用时期(小麦不同发育时期)的诱导不育效果,并对花药败育的机制进行了研究。结果表明,各处理诱导小麦花粉败育效果差异较大,Feekes7.5和9.5时期,15种药剂各浓度处理诱导植株营养生长发育异常或花粉败育不明显;–2Feekes8.5时期,T6-CHA药剂0.24kghm诱导雄性不育率为93.33%,植株表型及雌蕊发育正常,对其饱和授粉,能获得杂交种子,且饱和授粉结
3、实率较高。石蜡切片观察该处理诱导雄性不育花药的绒毡层细胞降解过程异常,自单核早期绒毡层细胞核明显降解,单核中后期花粉内核也开始降解,直至三核期,绒毡层细胞及花粉内核及营养物质基本消失,仅剩少量花粉壁残留,最终导致花粉败育。因此认为,T6-CHA诱导的小麦生理型雄性不育与绒毡层的异常降解直接相关。关键词:小麦;化学杂交剂;饱和授粉;不育率;绒毡层ScreeningofaNewChemicalHybridizingAgentinWheat*SONGYu-Long,ZHANGPeng-Fei,ZHANGGai-Sheng,
4、ZHAOZhuo-Jun,NIUNa,ZHAOXin-Liang,andWANGJun-WeiCollegeofAgronomy,NorthwestA&FUniversity/NationalYanglingAgriculturalBiotechnology&BreedingCenter/YanglingBranchofStateWheatImprovementCentre/WheatBreedingEngineeringResearchCenterofMinistryofEducation/KeyLaborator
5、yofCropHeterosisofShaanxiProvince,Yangling712100,ChinaAbstract:Toexpandvarietiesofchemicalhybridizationagentandreducetheircost,Weselected15varietiesofchemicalhy-bridizationagentfortreatingwheatcultivarXi’nong1376atthreegrowthstageswithfourconcentrationstosurvey
6、theinfertileeffect,phytotoxicityandpollenabortionmechanism.Theresultsshowedthatthereweresignificantdifferencesamongthechemi-calhybridizationagenttreatments.AtstagesFeekes7.5andFeekes9.5,abnormalvegetativegrowthorpollensabortionwerenot–1obvious.Whileatthestageof
7、Feekes8.5,therateofmalesterilityofXinong1376was93.33%in0.24kghaT6treatment,andthepistilandtheplantshowednormaldevelopment,wealsoachievedahighseedsettingrateviacrossingthemalesterileplantswithnormalfertilelinesbysaturatepollination.Paraffinsectionsindicatedthatt
8、hedegradableprocessoftapetumcellsinthemalesterileanthertreatedbyT6-CHAwasabnormal.Thenucleusoftapetumcellsdegradedatuninucleateearlystage,andthenpollennucleusdegradedatuninu
