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1、ⅠFilltheblank*DefinitionofTranslationInthelightofpopularorientation方向,目标:translationistoexpress(sthspokenoresp.written)inanotherlanguageorinsimplewords.1、Translationisakindofcross-language,cross-culturecommunicationbytransferringthemeaningcarriedbyon
2、elanguageanditscultureintoanotherlanguageanditsculture翻译是将一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言、跨文化的交际活动。2、Translatingconsistsinreproducing 复制;重现inthereceptor受体languagetheclosestnaturalequivalent相等的ofthesourcelanguagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyinte
3、rmsofstyle.所谓翻译,是指从语义到文体,在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先是意义上的对等,其次是风格上的对等3、Translatingisrendering翻译themeaningofatextintoanotherlanguageinthewaytheauthorintendedthetext.4、Translationistheproductionofafunctionaltargettextmaintainingarelationshipwithagivens
4、ourcetextthatisspecified详述；指定accordingtotheintendedordemandedfunctionofthetargettext.翻译是创作使其发挥某种功能的译语文本。它与其原语文本保持的联系将根据译文预期或所要求的功能得以具体化。*BasicconceptsofSkopostheorie1、SkoposisaGreekwordfor“purpose”.2、AccordingtoSkopostheorie,theprimeprincipledetermin
5、inganytranslationprocessisthepurposeoftheoveralltranslationalaction3、Tosaythatanactionisintentionalistopresuppose预先假定,假设theexistenceoffreewillandachoicebetweenatleasttwopossibleformsofbehaviour.Oneformofbehaviourisnevertheless仍然,然而,不过heldtobemoreappr
6、opriatethantheotherinordertoattain实现,达到,得到theintendedgoalorpurpose.4、Wecandistinguishbetweenthreepossiblekindsofpurposeinthefieldoftranslation:①thegeneralpurposeaimedatbythetranslatorinthetranslationprocess(perhaps“toearnaliving”)②thecommunicativepur
7、poseaimedatbythetargettextinthetargetsituation(perhaps“toinstructthereader”)③thepurposeaimedatbyaparticulartranslationstrategyorprocedure(forexample,“totranslateliterallyinordertoshowthestructuralparticularitiesofthesourcelanguage”)Nevertheless,thete
8、rmSkoposusuallyreferstothepurposeofthetargettext5、Thetop-rankingruleforanytranslationisthusthe“Skoposrule”,whichsaysthatatranslationalactionisdeterminedbyitsSkopos;thatis,theendjustifiesthemeans.6、ThelandmarksoftheGermanSchooloffunctionalisttranslati
