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1、《白鲸》的象征和宗教意义研究----英美文学论文-->I.Introduction引言1.1Melville’sLifeStory梅尔维尔的生活故事赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819年出生在纽约市，八个孩子中第三个出生，在玛丽亚甘西沃特和梅尔维尔之后，国外商品的进口商。家族企业在19世纪20年代末衰败，从梅尔维尔迁往奥尔巴尼并试图恢复他们的命运。一连串的霉运和劳累过度，使他的父亲早逝，而年轻的梅尔维尔被迫开始在十三岁时在银行工作。HermanMelvilleporterofforeigngoods.elvi
2、llerelocatedtoAlbanyinanattempttorevivetheirfortunes.Astringoffurtherbadluckandoveroreyearsofformaleducation,Melvilleleftschoolateighteentobeeanelementaryschoolteacher.Thiscareeradehisfirstseavoyageatnieen,asamerchantsailoronashipboundforLiverpool,Eng
3、land.HereturnedtoAmericathenextsummertoseekhisfortuneinthearquesasIslands,edeseparatedfromhispanionandspentamonthaloneinthepanyofthenatives.LifeamongthesenativesandnumerousotherexoticexperiencesabroadprovidedMelvilleedinousknoconstantreadingonomaniaab
4、oardaentaryoflifeatseaandavastphilosophicalallegoryoflifeingeneral.Nosacredsubjectissparedinthisbleakandscathingcritiqueoftheknooralvalues,andtheliteraryandpoliticalfiguresoftheday.MelvilleobyDickbytheworkofNathanielHawthorne,authorofTh-->eScarletLett
5、er,hefinallymetin1850andtohededicatedMobyDick.MelvillehdlongadmiredHaness,andheassociatedHaericanliterature.Thoughtheent)influencedMobyDick,Melvilledidn’tlookexclusivelytocelebratedculturalmodels.Hedrepopularcultureasple,elypopularinthenieenthcentury.
6、Inparticular,MelvillereliedonThomasBeale’sencyclopedicNaturalHistoryoftheSpermobyDickremainedlargelyignoreduntilthe1920s,otedbyliteraryhistoriansinterestedinconstructinganAmericanliterarytradition.Tothesecritics,MobyDickinalericanthemes,suchasreligion
7、,fate,andeconomicexpansion,andaradicallyexperimentalanachronismthatanticipatedModernisminitsoutsizedscopeandpasticheofforms.Asanovelthatappearsbizarretothepointofbeingunreadablebutprovestobeinfinitelyopentointerpretationanddiscovery.1.3TheIntroduction
8、oftheStoryMobyDick“CallmeIshmael”,thenarratorbegins,inoneofthemostrecognizableopeninglinesinAmericanliterature.ThisobservantyoungmanfromManhattanhasbeentoseafourtimesinthemerchantservicebutyearnsforaynightinDecember,hearrivesattheSpouter-Innin
