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1、摘要随着国内居民生活条件的改善，民众对饮食要求越来越高，对健康的重视意识也越来越强烈，但与此同时，我国直肠肿瘤却呈现年轻化趋势，直肠肿瘤是肠道常见的肿瘤。近年来，流行病学资料证实，随着生活水平的提高，该病的发病呈上升趋势。西方国家，年发病率为35～50人／10万人口，譬如美国大肠癌也居癌病的首位和癌死率的第二位。我国虽该病发病比西方国家低，但近年来亦有上升势头。绝大多数基因病人在40岁以上30岁以下者约占15％男性较多见男女之比为2-3：1，上海1963年大肠癌发病率为6.66／10万，次于胃癌、子宫癌及肝、肺、食道癌而居第六位，而1979年已到20.37／10万人，仅次于胃
2、、肺、肝癌。由此可见，直肠肿瘤已成为威胁人民健康的主要疾病。因此，要提高对本病的认识，早诊断，早治疗，提高治愈率和存活率，所以对直肠肿瘤围手术期护理提出了更高的技术要求和更专业的护理手段。本文主要是对直肠肿瘤的患者，在围手术期根据患者具体情况对其进行个性化护理，能对患者的康复产生积极影响，对减少术后并发症和预防复发，提高患者健康水平均有着非常重要的意义。关键词:直肠肿瘤；围手术期；护理AbstractWiththeimprovementinthelivingconditionsofthecountry'sinhabitants,populareatinganincreasin
3、glyhighdemand,emphasisonhealthconsciousnessmoreandmoreintense,butatthesametime,myyoungertrendofrectalcancer,rectalcancerisacommonintestinaltumor.Inrecentyears,epidemiologicaldataconfirmthatwiththeimprovementoflivingstandards,theupwardtrendintheincidenceofthedisease.Westerncountries,theannua
4、lincidenceof35~50people/100,000population,suchastheUnitedStatestopofthecolorectalcancerdeathrateandcancerthesecond.AlthoughthepathogenesisofthediseaseinChinathanintheWest,butalsoincreasedmomentuminrecentyears.Thevastmajorityofgenesinpatientsovertheageof40whoisunder30yearsofageaccountedfor15
5、%malesmorethantoseemenandwomen2-3:1,Shanghai1963colorectalcancerincidenceratesto6.66percent,secondarytoliver,lung,esophagusandgastriccancer,uterinecancerandthesixth,1979to20.37per100,000people,secondonlytothestomach,lung,livercancer.Thus,rectalcancerhasbecomeamajordiseasesthreatenthehealtho
6、fpeople.Therefore,inordertoraiseawarenessofthedisease,earlydiagnosis,earlytreatment,improvedcureratesandsurvivalrates,soforperioperativenursingofrectaltumorputforwardhighertechnicalrequirementsandmorespecializedcaretools.Thisarticleismainlytopatientswithrectalcancer,intheperioperativeperiod
7、inpatientswithspecificconditionstobepersonalizedcare,wouldhaveapositiveimpactonrehabilitationofpatientstoreducethepostoperativecomplicationsandpreventionofrecurrence,improvepatienthealthhasveryimportantsignificance.KEYWORDS:Rectaltumor;perioperativenursi
