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1、语法2定语从句名词或代词由一个从句来修饰,该从句即定语从句。定语从句一般后置,但as引导的修饰全句的定语从句可以前置。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as等以及关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词放在被修饰的名词或代词(又叫做先行词)和定语从句之间起联系作用,同时又作定语从句中的一个成份。1、that和which的用法区别(很重要!)(1)只用that的情况:①先行词由最高级修饰时,如thebest、themost②先行词由序数词(first、second、third)修饰时③先行词
2、由thelast,theonly,thesame,thevery等修饰时。④先行词是不定代词all,anything,everything,little,much,nobody,nothing时⑤先行词有any,no,all等限定词时⑥先行词为词组,该词组既含人又含物时,如thecityandthepeoplethatIvisited.(2)只用which的情况:①在非限定性定语从句中(用逗号隔开,指代前面整句话的内容)Hesuddenlybecamewealthy,whichchangedhiswholemodeoflife.他忽然变得富有了,这改
3、变了他整个的生活方式。②介词后。形式:名词或代词+介词+which(that不能放在介词后)常见的词组形式有bywhichmeans,duringwhichtime,inwhichcase,forwhichmistake,forwhichreason等等。Tomspentfouryearsincollege,duringwhichtimehelearnedFrench.汤姆在大学上了四年学,在这段时间里,他学会了法语。Hewaseducatedatthelocalgrammarschool,afterwhichhewentontoCambridge.
4、当在当地的一所中学上学,此后就去上了剑桥大学。请看that和which的使用例句:Heisthelastpersonthatyouwouldsuspect.人们最不可能怀疑他。(不是最后一个!)Manistheonlycreaturethatisgiftedwithspeech.只有人类具有语言的天赋。Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的并不都是金子。There’sstillmuchthatistobedone.仍然有很多事要做。Istillcan’tforgettheplacesandthepeoplethatIvisitedd
5、uringlastsummervacation.我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。2、关系代词(that,which,who,whom等)和关系副词(when,where等)的用法区别①关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。②分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。看如下对比例句:①Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。(worked是不及物动词,不接宾语,所以不用which/that。where相当于inthefactory)Thisisthe
6、factorywhich/thatmyfatheronceworkedin.(workedin的宾语是factory,故用关系代词which/that)②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatIspentinthewoodnearourvillage.我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。(thedays是spent的宾语)IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentmyholidayswithmygrandparents.我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。(spent的宾语是holidays,不
7、是thedays)IwillneverforgetthesmallvillagewhereIspentmyholidays.我忘不了我度假的小村庄。(与上句一样,spent的宾语是myholidays)③Isthistheschoolwhich/thatyouvisitedtheotherday?这是你几天前参观过的学校吗?(theschool作visited的宾语)Isthistheschoolwhereyouvisitedyourteachertheotherday?这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗?(visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语your
8、teacher,所以不用that/which)3、thosewho和hewho句型(who是做主语)两个常用