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1、摘要换热设备是炼油厂的典型设备，主要用于原有和油品等的换热或冷却。换热器种类很多，根据冷、热流体热量交换的原理和方式基本上可分三大类即：间壁式、混合式和蓄热式。在三类换热器中，间壁式换热器应用最多，管壳式换热器是间壁式换热器的主要类型。本次我的设计题目是减二中/原油冷却器，换热器形式选用管壳式换热器中的浮头式。首先是根据给定的工艺参数进行前期的工艺计算，这部分的主要目的是确定浮头式换热器的具体型号，以及一些对接下来的结构设计有影响的关键数据。工艺计算的大体内容为传热面积计算、初步选型、传热系数校核、有效平均温度差、校核传热面积、流体助力计算、壁温计算。其中初步选型后要对初选的
2、传热系数进行校核，如果不合格要要重新选型、反复试算。在流体阻力校核部分要考虑操作成本与制造成本的平衡关系。其次是结构计算。这部分是对管板、接管、法兰等具体零件的设计和选用。材料选用方面：对于主要承压元件选用Q345R为材料。由于介质腐蚀性不高，所以选用20钢为换热管的材料。材料的选用与制造成本紧密相连，所以应该在保证设计要求的前提下尽量降低成本。关键词浮头式换热器；换热管；选材AbstractHeatexchangerisatypicalrefineryequipment,mainlyfortheoriginalandtheheattransferoil,etc.,orcoo
3、ling.Manytypesofheatexchangers,accordingtothecold,thethermalfluidheatexchangeprinciplesandmethodsarebasicallydividedintothreemaincategoriesnamely:partitionstype,hybridandregenerative.Inthethreetypesofheatexchangers,thepartitionsheatexchangersmostwidelyused.Shellandtubeheatexchangeristhepart
4、itionsofthemaintypesofheatexchangers.ThesubjectofmydesignistoreduceII/oilcoolers,heatexchangersintheformofshellandtubeheatexchangersusedinthefloatinghead.First,accordingtothegivenprocessparameterspre-processcalculation,themainpurposeofthissectionistodeterminethespecificfloatingheadheatexcha
5、ngermodels,andsomeimpactonthestructuraldesignofthenextkeydata.Processingeneraltermsthecontentsoftheheattransferareacalculation,theinitialselection,checkingtheheattransfercoefficient,effectivemeantemperaturedifference,checktheheattransferarea,fluidpowercalculations,thewalltemperaturecalculat
6、ion.Whichaftertheinitialselectionoftheheattransfercoefficientsofprimarycheck,iffailedtobere-selection,repeatedthespreadsheet.Checkthefluidresistancepartofoperatingcostsandtoconsiderthebalancebetweenmanufacturingcost.Followedbyincalculations.Thispartisthemanagementboardtotakeover,flangesando
7、therspecificpartsofthedesignandselection.Materialselection:theselectionofcomponentsforthemainpressureforthematerialQ345R.Ascorrosivemediaisnothigh,souse20steelforthetubesofthematerial.Selectionofmaterialsandmanufacturingcostsarecloselylinked,sothedesigns
