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1、ChineseMusician—XianXinghaiXianXinghai(June13,1905–October30,1945)wasaChinesecomposer.Althoughhecomposedinallthemajormusicalforms(twosymphonies,aviolinconcerto,fourlargescalechoralworks,nearly300songsandanopera),heisbestknownforhisYellowRiverCantatauponwhichtheYellowRive
2、rConcertoforpianoandorchestraisbased.EarlylifeandeducationBorninMacauwithancestryfromPanyu(番禺)intoapoorsailorfamily,XianXinghaistartedlearningtheclarinet(竖笛)in1918attheYMCAcharityschoolattachedtotheLingnanUniversityinGuangzhou.In1926hejoinedtheNationalMusicInstituteatPek
3、ingUniversitytostudymusicandin1928heenteredShanghaiNationalMusicConservatorytostudyviolinandpiano.Thesameyearhepublishedhiswell-knownessayTheUniversalMusic.In1929hewenttoParisundergovernmentsponsorshipandtwoyearslaterhewasadmittedtotheParisConservatorytostudycompositionw
4、ithbothVincentD'IndyandPaulDukas.DuringthisperiodhecomposedWind,SongofaWanderer,ViolinSonatainDMinor,andotherworks.MusicalcareerXianreturnedtoChinain1935.DuringtheSino-JapaneseWar(1937-1945),hewrotevocalworksthatencouragedthepeopletofighttheJapaneseinvaders,includingSavi
5、ngtheNation,Non-ResistancetheOnlyFear,SongofGuerrillas,TheRoadsAreOpenedbyUs,TheVastSiberia,ChildrenoftheMotherland,GototheHomefrontoftheEnemy,andOntheTaihangMountains,amongothers.In1938hebecamedeanoftheMusicDepartmentatLuXunInstituteofArtsinYan'an.Itisatthistimethatheco
6、mposedthefamousYellowRiverCantataandtheProductionCantata.In1940XianwenttotheSovietUnion(苏联)tocomposethescoreofthedocumentaryfilmYan'anandtheEighthRouteArmy.BeforedepartureMaoZedonginvitedhimtodinner.In1941theGermaninvasionoftheSovietUniondisruptedhisworkandheattemptedtor
7、eturntoChinabywayofXinjiangbutthelocalanti-communistwarlord,ShengShicai,blockedthewayandhegotstrandedinAlmaAta,Kazakhstan.ItwasherethathecomposedthesymphoniesLiberationoftheNationandSacredWar,andthesuitesRedAllOvertheRiverandChineseRhapsodyforwindsandstrings.Hedevelopedp
8、ulmonarytuberculosisduetooverworkandmalnutrition.Afterthewar,XinghaiwentbacktoMoscowformedicaltreatment
