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1、SomewaystobecomehappierBeOptimisticOptimismisimportanttoourhappiness—Wecanseeourglassesashalffull,orhalfempty.Wecanhopeforthebest,andexpectthatthingswillturnoutwell,orwecandreadwhatmightgowrong,andworryaboutourfuture.Happinessresearchshowsthatworryisthenumberoneenemytohappiness,andaswebecomemoreop
2、timistic,webecomehappier.BasicEmotionsandMoodsWorkPsychologistshavepublishedfindingssuggestingthatone'sentireemotionalexperiencecanbeunderstoodintermsofsixbasic,oruniversal,emotions. Thesesixemotionsarehappiness,sadness,fear,anger,surprise,anddisgust. OneprinciplereasonemotionsresearcherPaulEkman
3、describesthesesixemotionsasbasicanduniversalisthat,unlikewithotheremotions,peopleinanypartoftheworldwhoseeaphotographofapersonexpressingthesesixemotionscanreadilyidentifytheemotion. Allotheremotionsaretheorizedtobecomprisedofvariousdistinctcombinationsofoursixuniversalemotions.OfThesesix,happiness
4、ispleasant,sadness,fear,angeranddisgustaregenerallyunpleasant,andsurpriseisneutral,leaningtowardtheunpleasantside. Sincetheseemotions,andthemoodstheycreatewhensustained,willultimatelydetermineourhappiness,weshouldstrivetominimizethefiveunpleasantemotions,andtomaximizehappiness. Intheory,becomingha
5、ppierisjustthateasy.Psychologistshavealsodeterminedthatwecanchooseouremotionsbychoosingtoevaluatethesituationsandcircumstancesofourlifeincertainways. Thisprocessiscalledcognitiveappraisal,andhasbeenusedverysuccessfullybycognitive-behavioraltherapiststohelpclientsovercomedepression. Thisprocessofsy
6、stematicallychangingone'sevaluationsfromlesspleasanttomorepleasantiscalledcognitivere-structuring,andisoneoftheprincipletechniquesmakingcognitive-behavioraltherapythemosteffectivepsychotherapyfordepression.GoonVacation!Vacationsare,formostofus,thehappiesttimesinourlives. Gettingawayfromourworkandd
7、ailyroutinesforafewdaysorweeksofleisureandenjoymentisagreatwayforustoquicklygethappier. Wecanalsousevacationstohelpusunderstandhowmuchmoreenjoyableournon-vacationlivescouldbeifwesimplymadeanefforttohotlypursueour
