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1、言语交际中的合作原则和礼貌原则（Cooperativeprincipleandpolitenessprincipleinverbalcommunication）CooperativeprincipleandpolitenessprincipleinverbalcommunicationVerbalcommunicationisakindofbilateralormultilateralspeechact.Inordertoensurethesmoothprogressofcommunication,languagele
2、arnersmustabidebysomebasicprinciples.ThisistheAmericanphilosopherGraysin1967proposedthe"cooperativeprinciple"and"politenessprincipleproposedbyleech".Next,Iwillcombinetheresearchresultsofolderscholarstodiscussthesetwoissues.(I)principleofcooperationTheAmericanphi
3、losopherGraysputforwardforthefirsttimeinlate1960s:inallverbalcommunication,thespeakerandthehearerhaveatacitunderstandingandcooperation,thewholeprocessofcommunicationwithdiscoursepurposeanddirectionofcommunication,sothatcommunicationcaneffectivelyandsmoothly.This
4、istheprincipleofcooperation".Therearefourprinciplesinthecooperativeprinciple,thatis,the1.suitablecriterion,the2.qualitycriterion,the3.relevancecriterionandthe4.modecriterion.1,appropriateguidelinesTherightamountreferstotheamountofinformationtobemoderate,withthea
5、ctualneedsasthestandard:Tosayitwhenverbalcommunicationshouldcontainthenecessaryinformationneededforcommunication.Thequantityofdiscourseinformationdoesnotexceedtherequiredinformation.Cases:Q:wheredidyougoyesterday?Answer:gotoschoolinthemorning.Heansweredonly"morn
6、ing"anddidnotanswerwhathehaddoneatothertimes.Sotheinformationisincomplete.2qualitycriteriaAqualitycodereferstotheauthenticityofthespeaker'sassurancethattheinformationissent:Themessageisnotfalse.Theinformationthereisenoughevidence.Example1:Onceuponatime,tenpeople
7、meteachothertobringapotofwinefordinner.Oneofthemthought,"I'llbringapotofwaterandputitwiththeirwine.Noonewillknowwhobroughtit.".Littleimagine,othersandhethinkofsame,allbroughtwatertobewhitewine.Todrink,everyonepouredacup,alittlewineisnotfound.Thatishispotofwater,
8、donotsaythewineislight,butloudshoutsofapplause:"goodwine!""Smellsgood!"Inthisjoke,everyonedrinkswater,butpraises"goodwine"!"Therefore,theinformationsentbyeachpersonis
