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1、新美国价值观(2)（NewAmericanvalues(2)）RobinWilliamsinhis"AmericanSociety:ASociologicalInterpretation"(RobinMWilliams,Jr.,1970)abookgivesasetofbasicvaluesofAmericansview,providesthebasisforourdiscussionofthispart.Inaddition,manyothersociologistshaveidentifiedarangeofvaluessharedbyameri
2、cans.Theseclaimshavebeenendorsedbyforeigntouristswhoobservethesamecharacteristicsoftypicalamericans.TheAmericansinthepollsalsoconfirmedthesevalues,testresultsshowthatAmericansstillstandsbyGunnarModel(GunnarMyrdal,1962)said"theAmericancreed".WilliamsliststhefollowingtraditionalA
3、mericanvalues:Personalachievement.Personalachievementisoneofthemostvaluedvaluesofallamericans.Americanspraiseandrewardthosewhoaretalentedandbrilliant,especiallythosewhohaveachievedthroughhardwork.Aperson'sworthisoftenendorsedbyhisachievementsinbusiness,art,orotherimportantfield
4、s.Buttheemphasisonachievement,especiallytheoftenmeasuredeconomicsituation,conflictswiththeideaofrespectingapersononlyforhisownreasons.Work.Americansocietyisbasedonhardwork.Theearlysettlerswhocametothiswastelandmustworkhard,notonlyforbettersocialconditions,butalsoforsurvival.Pro
5、videsthepossibilityofrichnaturalresourcesforpeopleofproductionatthesametime,thesesettlersalsorealizedthatafarmer,hunterorminerworksnotonlyforhimself,butalsotothewholesocietyhasbroughtwealth.Thiscreatesthevaluesthatworkisseenasameanstobettersocialconditions.Thenewcountry'sopenan
6、dflowingsocialstructurealsooffersopportunitiesforthosewhoworkhardtogetahead.Sofar,workhasremainedanimportantvalueinAmericanculture.Moralcareandhumanitarianism.AspartoftheAmericanreligiousfaith,theearlyAmericancolonistspaidcloseattentiontothewelfareofthepeoplewhowerelessfortunat
7、ethanthemselves.Inreallife,however,Americansdonotoftenputthisvalueintopractice.Atthesametime,thereisalogicalcontradictionbetweenhumanitarianvaluesandothermajorAmericanvalues.Forexample,thevaluesofpersonalachievementmakeitdifficultformanyAmericanstoacceptnationalwelfareprograms.
8、Intheirview,itisnotreasonabletoletsomeofthecommunityfe
