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1、M3U1Theworldofoursenses学案Grammarandusage第一部分:重点讲解名词性从句和名词一样,在句中可以担任主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语和介词宾语)和同位语。因此我们说名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句必须用陈述句语序,也就是说,(疑问词)+主语+谓语+其它.主语从句在复合句中作主语的句子称为主语从句,从句作主语,谓语动词用单数;通常由从属连词that,whether,连接代词who,whose,what,which,whatever(无论什么),whoever(无论谁),whichever(无论哪个)或
2、连接副词when,where,why,how等引导。eg.1)*Whetherwecanreducetheuseofenergyisimportant.2)*Thatpollutionhasbecomeaseriousprobleminpartsoftheworldisknowntoeveryone.3)Whatisneededisgreatersafety.4)Whoeverbreakstherulesmustbepunished.5)*Howlifebeganremainsapuzzletous.6)Itissaidthatpaperwasfirstmad
3、einChina.7)Itseemsthatheisolder.8)It’scertainthatthesportsmeetingwillbedelayed.9)Itdoesn’tmatterifyouhavenotimetodoit.注意:1.陈述句必须以that引导,不能省略。2.主语从句只能用whether引导,不能用if引导。3.常用it作形式主语,代替真正的主语从句,但不能代替由what引导的主语从句。4.常用于It+be+adj./n./+that-clauseIt’scertain/clear/apity/afact/commonknowledg
4、e/said/hoped…+that/whether…It’snatural/strange/necessary/importantthat…(should)…5.Itdoesn’tmatterif是固定句型。6.句型:Itisrequired/suggested/insisted/ordered…that…(should)+do…7.that与what的区别:that在从句中不充当任何成分,没有意思;what在从句中充当主语或宾语,意思是:…(所)…的Practice:他被选中了使我们很开心。她是否有时间来还是个问题。谁将被派去那儿还没有定下来。我们所需要的
5、是更多的时间。他去了哪儿没人知道。宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用的从属句称为宾语从句。1.作动词的宾语(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如:Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy.Shesuggested(that)hedoitatonce.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:1)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.2)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:Shetoldmethatshewoulda
6、cceptmyinvitation.2.作介词的宾语Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.Itdependsonwhetherwewillgo.3.作形容词的宾语例如:Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:Anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,di
7、sappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。4.It可以作为形式宾语It不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.Wethinkitpossiblethatthepricewillrise.注意:1.关系词that常可以省略;2.介词宾语用whether,不用if;3.find/make/see/hear/
8、feel/think…+it+adj.