2024届高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(43)讲义Word版.docx

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2024届高考英语阅读理解五步法专项练①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.②Sohowdoplantspreventsuchgrowthindeepshadeconditions?Thesecretliesintheclocksinsidethem,sayscientistsfromtheJohnInnesCentreandtheUniversityofBristol.③Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(昼夜节律时钟)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.Theseclockcomponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.④Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstocompetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”saidProfessorKerryFranklinattheUniversityofBristol.⑤Thisworkprovidesevidenceforthestabilityofthecircadianclockinstressfulenvironments,andinformationthatmaybeusefulindevelopingnewgenerationsofcropsinachallengingclimate.【素材来源：湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2024届高三月考试卷（六）英语试题】12.Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?A.Struggletopreserveenergy.B.Competeforverylimitedresources.C.Trytooutgrowtheirneighbors.D.Dependoneachothertosurvive.13.Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?A.Bychangingtheirgeneexpression.B.Bymakingthemrealizelightchange.C.Byhelpingthemadapttothedarkness.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D.Bycontrollingtheirgrowthindeepshade.14.AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?A.Thecircadianclock’sroleinplantdevelopmentremainsunknown.B.Plants’livingenvironmentsareverycompetitive.C.Thecircadianclockaffectsplants’adaptabilitytosurvivalcompetition.D.Plantscanadapttoverydeepshadewhereresourcesareverylimited.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Toshareanewdiscoveryaboutplants.B.Tointroducetheroleofthecircadianclock.C.Tocompareplantslivingincertainconditions.D.Toexplainplants’secretoflivinginforests.【五步法分析】串联题干12.Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?13.Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?14.AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?15.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?串联题干：moderateshade,plants,affection,thecircadianclock12.Whatdoplantsnormallydoinmoderateshade?植物在中等遮荫下通常会做什么?A.Struggletopreserveenergy.努力保存能量。B.Competeforverylimitedresources.争夺非常有限的资源。C.Trytooutgrowtheirneighbors.试图超越他们的邻居。D.Dependoneachothertosurvive.相互依存才能生存。定位到第一段（反话正说）①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreen学科网（北京）股份有限公司 shootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.13.Howdoesthecircadianclockaffectplants?生物钟是如何影响植物的?A.Bychangingtheirgeneexpression.通过改变他们的基因表达。B.Bymakingthemrealizelightchange.通过让他们意识到光的变化。C.Byhelpingthemadapttothedarkness.通过帮助他们适应黑暗。D.Bycontrollingtheirgrowthindeepshade.通过控制它们在阴凉处的生长。定位到第三段③Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(昼夜节律时钟)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.Theseclockcomponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.14.AccordingtoProfessorAntonyDodd,whichstatementisTRUE?根据安东尼·多德教授的说法，哪个说法是正确的?A.Thecircadianclock’sroleinplantdevelopmentremainsunknown.生物钟在植物发育中的作用尚不清楚。B.Plants’livingenvironmentsareverycompetitive.植物的生存环境竞争非常激烈。C.Thecircadianclockaffectsplants’adaptabilitytosurvivalcompetition..生物钟影响植物对生存竞争的适应性。D.Plantscanadapttoverydeepshadewhereresourcesareverylimited.植物可以适应非常深的阴影，那里的资源非常有限。定位到第四段-原词对应④Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstocompetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”said学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ProfessorKerryFranklinattheUniversityofBristol.15.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?作者为什么写这篇文章?A.Toshareanewdiscoveryaboutplants.分享一项关于植物的新发现。B.Tointroducetheroleofthecircadianclock.介绍生物钟的作用。C.Tocompareplantslivingincertainconditions.比较生活在特定条件下的植物。D.Toexplainplants’secretoflivinginforests.解释植物在森林中生存的秘密。一般情况下关于文章主旨或者写作目的在首段或者尾段中查找。①Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.（植物是如何在黑暗和阴凉的地方共存的）Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.【逐句翻译】第一段：Scientistshavediscoveredhowplantsmanagetolivealongsideeachotherinplacesthataredarkandshady.句子结构分析：how引导宾语从句；that引导定语从句修饰places.句意：科学家们已经发现了植物是如何在黑暗和阴凉的地方共存的。Plantsinthedeepdarknessofathickforest,wherenaturalsuppliesarenotverygreatinamount,won’tattempttotoptheirneighborsingrowthasthoseinmoderate(中度的)shadedo.句子结构分析：where引导定语从句修饰athickforest.句意：在茂密森林深处的植物，那里的自然资源不是很多，不会试图在生长上超过它们的邻居，而那些在中等(中度的)阴影下的植物则会这样做。Indeepshadeconditions,itwouldbeawasteofenergyandharmfultosurvivalbecausegreenshootswouldneverbeabletotoptheirlargerneighborsingrowth.句子结构分析：because引导原因状语从句学科网（北京）股份有限公司 句意：在深荫的条件下，这将是一种能量的浪费，而且对生存有害，因为绿芽的生长速度永远无法超过它们较大的邻居。第二段Sohowdoplantspreventsuchgrowthindeepshadeconditions?Thesecretliesintheclocksinsidethem,sayscientistsfromtheJohnInnesCentreandtheUniversityofBristol.那么植物是如何在阴暗处防止这种生长的呢?约翰英纳斯中心和布里斯托尔大学的科学家说，秘密就在于它们体内的时钟。第三段：Theyhavediscoveredthatwhenplantsnoticedeepshade,thischangestheexpressionofgenesincertainpartsofthecircadianclock(昼夜节律时钟)—theinternaldailytimerfoundinplantsandotherlivingthings.句子结构分析：that引导宾语从句；when引导时间状语从句；破折号引导同位语补充解释clock.句意：他们发现，当植物注意到很深的阴影时，这改变了生物钟某些部分的基因表达(昼夜节律时钟)——植物和其他生物体内的日常时间。Theseclockcomponentsperformanadditionalroleinpreventingplantsfromlengtheningandovertoppingneighbors.这些时钟组件在防止植物伸长和超过邻居方面起着额外的作用。【真题必考词汇】Prevent...from阻止；防止Putonrainbootwhenwashingfloor,topreventfromslippingdown.清洗地面时穿上雨鞋以防滑倒.第四段：Theworkidentifiesapreviouslyunknownroleofthecircadianclockincontrollingplantdevelopment,andthefindingsmayhavepossibleeffectsonbothnaturalplantpopulationsandcrops.这项工作确定了生物钟在控制植物发育方面的一个以前未知的作用，这一发现可能对自然植物种群和作物都有影响。【真题必考词汇】Haveeffecton对...有影响学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Thegoodachievementmayhaveeffectontheirperspective.好的成绩可能会影响他们的观点。ProfessorAntonyDoddoftheJohnInnesCentresaid,“Thebiologicalclockofplantsplaysabigpartintheirdevelopmentandfitness.约翰英纳斯中心的安东尼·多德教授说:“植物的生物钟在它们的发育和健康中起着重要作用。【真题必考词汇】Playapartin..贡献力量;起…作用Fruitmaturitymayplayapartinphenotypiccharacterization.果实成熟期使这种表现型特征可能明显地起一些作用.Thisworkcastsnewlightonanewroleofthecircadianclockinadaptingplantstocompetitionwithotherplantsintheirenvironments.”【真题必考词汇】Castlighton...使显得非常清楚，阐明，使人了解;映照Doesthisinformationcastlightontheproblem?这一信息会使问题得到澄清吗?“Italsogivesusnewinsightsintohowplantsadapttoverydeepshade,whereresourcesareverylimited,”saidProfessorKerryFranklinattheUniversityofBristol.句子结构分析：how和where引导宾语从句句意：布里斯托尔大学的克里·富兰克林教授说:“这也让我们对植物如何适应资源非常有限的阴暗处有了新的认识。”第五段：Thisworkprovidesevidenceforthestabilityofthecircadianclockinstressfulenvironments,andinformationthatmaybeusefulindevelopingnewgenerationsofcropsinachallengingclimate.句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰information这项工作为压力环境下生物钟的稳定性提供了证据，并为在具有挑战性的气候条件下开发新一代作物提供了有用的信息。【真题必考词汇】Providefor..为…提供生活费;为…作准备;规定;养Theeducationauthoritieshavetoprovideforchildreninneed.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 教育主管部门得救助贫困儿童。【全文翻译】科学家们已经发现了植物是如何在黑暗和阴凉的地方共存的。在茂密森林深处的植物，那里的自然资源不是很多，不会试图在生长上超过它们的邻居，而那些在中等(中度的)阴影下的植物则会这样做。在深荫的条件下，这将是一种能量的浪费，而且对生存有害，因为绿芽的生长速度永远无法超过它们较大的邻居。那么植物是如何在阴暗处阻止这种生长的呢?约翰英纳斯中心和布里斯托尔大学的科学家说，秘密就在于它们体内的时钟。他们发现，当植物注意到很深的阴影时，这改变了生物钟某些部分的基因表达(昼夜节律时钟)——植物和其他生物体内的日常时间。这些时钟组件在防止植物伸长和超过邻居方面起着额外的作用。这项工作确定了生物钟在控制植物发育方面的一个以前未知的作用，这一发现可能对自然植物种群和作物都有影响。约翰英纳斯中心的安东尼·多德教授说:“植物的生物钟在它们的发育和健康中起着重要作用。这项工作揭示了生物钟在植物适应环境中与其他植物竞争中的新作用。布里斯托尔大学的克里·富兰克林教授说:“这也让我们对植物如何适应资源非常有限的阴暗处有了新的认识。”这项工作为压力环境中生物钟的稳定性提供了证据，并为在具有挑战性的气候条件下开发新一代作物提供了有用的信息。学科网（北京）股份有限公司