2023届高三英语总复习 （译林版2020）选择性必修第四册Unit3 Careers and skills（教师版）.docx

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Unit3Careersandskills重点词汇1．salaryn．薪金，薪水2．labourn．劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩vi.努力做；干苦力活3．receptionistn．接待员4．respectiveadj.分别的，各自的5．leadershipn．领导应有的品质；领导地位6．receiptn．收到的款项，收入；收据7．commercialadj.商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的8．budgetn．预算9．loann．贷款，借款；借出vt.借出，贷与(尤指钱)10．clientn．客户，委托人11．detectiven．侦探，警探12．subjectiveadj.主观的13．directoryn．名录，电话号码簿，公司名录14．groundworkn．基础工作，准备工作15．premieradj.最著名的，最成功的，第一的n.首相，总理16．instituten．机构，机构建筑vt.建立，制定(体系、政策等)17．labeln．标签；(不恰当的)称谓vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为18．candidaten．候选人；应试者；被认定适合者19．profilen．概述；形象；侧面轮廓vi.概述，写简介20．delayn．延迟的时间；延期，耽搁vi.&vt.延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延21．infervt.推断，推论，推理22．seizevt.抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收23．temporaryadj.临时的，短暂的词汇拓展1．attainvt.达到；获得→attainableadj.可达到的；可获得的2．passionn．强烈情感；酷爱→passionateadj.热诚的；狂热的3．anticipatevt.预计；预料→anticipationn．预料，预期，预见，预计4．superioradj.更好的，占优势的n.级别(或地位、职位)更高的人→inferioradj.较差的；比不上……的n．不如别人的人；级别(或地位)低的人5．prejudicen．偏见，成见→prejudicedadj.有偏见的；偏爱的6．consultantn．顾问；会诊医师→consultv．咨询，商讨→consultationn．咨询，商讨；就诊学科网（北京）股份有限公司 7．operatevt.操作，使运行vi.运转，工作；经营，营业→operationn．运行，运转；经营；手术；行动→operatorn．操作人员；电话员，接线员；经营者8．qualificationn．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准→qualifiedadj.合格的；具备资格的→qualifyvt.使合格；使具备资格9．swingvi.&vt.(使)改变；(使)摆动，摇摆n.改变；摆动；秋千→swung(pt./pp.)10．applicantn．申请人→applyvt.&vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→applicationn．申请；申请表；应用；涂抹11．criterionn．标准，准则→criteria(pl.)12．refreshedadj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的→refreshingadj.令人耳目一新的，别具一格的；使人精力充沛的→refreshvt.&vi.更新；使恢复精力；使想起13．justifyvt.对……作出解释，为……辩护；证明……正确→justifiedadj.有正当理由的14．relevantadj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的→relevancen．关联；相关性→relevantlyadv.相关地→irrelevantadj.不相关的，无关紧要的15．genuineadj.真诚的，可信赖的；真的，名副其实的→genuinelyadv.真地，真诚地重点词组1．(全公司或全国的)劳动力labourforce2．谋生earnaliving3．喜爱befondof4．权衡，斟酌weighup5．让……处于危险之中putsth.ontheline6．beengagedin从事，参加；忙于7．besuperiorto比……更好的、更胜一筹的8．have(a)prejudiceagainst对……有偏见9．makeourrespectivecontributions做出我们各自的贡献10．havepassionfor对……喜欢，酷爱……11．立即行动起来；马上大干起来swingintoaction12．处于有利地位，有优势gaintheupperhand13．在……之前priorto14．直到……结束，在整个……期间fortheduration15．全力以赴putone’sbestfootforward16．getqualifications(for)获得(做某事的)资格17．lookbackon回顾18．followup接着，采取进一步行动19．infer...from从……推断20．put...underpressure使……处于压力之下学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点句型1．that引导定语从句Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.我们日常生活中遇到的小问题可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。2．wherever引导让步状语从句；that引导表语从句Wherevershegoes，thetroubleisthatcrowdsofpeoplearewaitingtoseeher.不管她去哪儿，麻烦就是成群的人正等着见她。3．that引导同位语从句Markhasmadethepointthatmoreandmoreyoungpeopleprefertomovetothecitiesinhisspeech.马克在他的发言中说出了这样一个观点，那就是越来越多的年轻人更愿意搬到城市居住。4．make＋宾语＋宾语补足语Amanstoodstillinthedark，smoking，whichmadeherfrightened.一个男人一动不动地站在黑暗处，抽着烟，把她吓坏了。5．while引导的时间状语从句的省略Whilerunningafterthebusinahurry，helosthisIDcard，thesmartphoneandallthemoneyaswell.当他在匆忙追赶公交车的时候，他弄丢了自己的身份证、手机和所有的钱。知识点01Also，asthegreateducatorConfuciusstated，“Whenyouknowathing，torecognizethatyouknowit；andwhenyoudonotknowathing，torecognizethatyoudonotknowit—thatiswisdom.”educatorn．教育家；教育工作者(1)educatev．教育；教导，教养educatesb.in/onsth.教导某人某事educatesb.todosth.教导某人做某事(2)educationn．教育；教育学；教育机构(3)educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Drug-takingissoharmfulthatpeople，especiallychildren，needtobeeducatedonthedangersofit.②Thecampaignisintendedtoeducatethepublictoprotecttheenvironment.[单句语法填空/句式升级]①Manywell(educate)youngpeoplesteppedoutoftheircomfortzone，andheadedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.②Icamehereattheinvitationofahighlysuccessful(educate)intheUSA.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ③Educatingwhoeverisusedtosmokingtobaccocontrolisatoughbutworthwhileattempt.④Theteacherissaidtohaveeducatedhimtobecomeanhonestandkindpersonwithallhisefforts.→anhonestandkindpersonwithallhisefforts.(it作形式主语)【答案】1educated2.educator3.on/in4.Itissaidthattheteacherhaseducatedhimtobecome知识点2Indeed，youmayonedaydojobsthatdonotyetexist，usetechnologiesthatarenotyetdevelopedandresolveproblemsthatarenotyetproblems！resolvevt.&vi.解决；表决；决心，决定n．决心，坚定的信念(1)resolvetodosth.决心做某事，决定做某事resolveonsth.决定某事resolveondoingsth.决心做某事，决定做某事(2)resolutionn．解决；决心makearesolutiontodosth.决心做某事，决定做某事[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵Theyresolvedtostartearly，withtheintentionofgettingtothecampsitebeforenightfell.他们决定早点出发，打算在天黑之前到达野营地。→Theyresolvedonmakinganearlystart，withtheintentionofgettingtothecampsitebeforenightfell.→Theymadearesolutiontostartearly，withtheintentionofgettingtothecampsitebeforenightfell.[单句语法填空/句型转换]①Thegovernmentswungintoaction，resolvingtheapplicationoflawstofrozenfood.政府立刻采取行动，决定对冷冻食品采取法律管控。②Asaconsideratehusband，heresolvedthathewouldnottellherthetruthofherhealth.→Asaconsideratehusband，heherthetruthofherhealth.(resolve)→Asaconsideratehusband，heherthetruthofherhealth.(resolve)→Asaconsideratehusband，heherthetruthofherhealth.(resolution)【答案】1.on2.resolvednottotell，resolvednottotell，madearesolutionnottotell知识点3Thisisnottosuggestthatthereisnoneedforyoutostudyinschoolbuttoacknowledgethatrefreshingyourknowledgethroughlifelonglearningisbothessentialandbeneficial.refreshvt.使变新；使恢复精力；使想起(1)refreshsb./oneselfwith...用……使某人振奋，用……使某人神清气爽refreshone’smemory唤起某人的记忆，使某人记忆犹新(2)refreshingadj.使人精力充沛的；使人耳目一新的学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (3)refreshedadj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的(4)refreshmentn．恢复活力，焕发精神；茶点，点心[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Tomakehimselflesstiredandmorecomfortable，herefreshedhimselfwithacoolshower.showern．淋浴②Asheaged，hismemorygotworse，forwhichreasonhehadtorefreshhismemorybylookingathisnotes.随着年龄的增长，他的记忆力越来越差。出于这个原因，他不得不通过看笔记来提醒自己。③Lightrefreshmentswillbeservedduringthebreak.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Ifthepassionate(refresh)breezeknowsmyheart，itcantellyouthatImissyouandcareyouformylife’stime.②Wehavetoputdowntheburdeneverynowandthen，sowecan(refresh)withashortrestandareabletocarryon.③Hewalkedontheoppositesideofthestreettothebuilding.他走在街的对面，以唤起对这座建筑的记忆。【答案】1.refreshing2.berefreshed3.refreshhismemoryof知识点4Donotcriticizethemorrejectthemsimplybecausetheydifferfromwhatyouknoworbelieve.criticiz(s)evt.&vi.批评，批判，挑剔，指责；评价(1)criticizesb.forsth.因某事批评/指责某人(2)criticaladj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的becriticalofsb./sth.对某人/某事挑剔becriticalto对……至关重要的(3)criticismn．批判；指责；评论criticismofsb./sth.对于……的批评/指责(4)criticn．批评家；评论家[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Theresidentscriticizedthegovernmentfornottakingthefinancialproblemseriously.→Thecriticismofthegovernmentfromtheresidentswasthatitdidn’ttakethefinancialproblemseriously.→Therewascriticismofthegovernment’snottakingthefinancialproblemseriouslyfromtheresidents.②Thefirst24hoursaftertheoperationareconsideredtobethemostcriticaltoapatient’ssurvival.③Iwasluckyenoughtofindacriticandteacherwhowaswillingtomakethejourneyofwritingwithme.[单句语法填空/句型转换]①Tom’sparentswerehighlycriticaltheschool，whenitcametothelivingconditionsandthefood学科网（北京）股份有限公司 servedinthecanteen.②Theteachercriticizedhimbecausehishandwritingwaspoorinthecomposition，buthehatedit.→Hehateditwhentheteacherhispoorhandwritinginthecomposition.→Hehateditwhenhehispoorhandwritinginthecompositionfromtheteacher.【答案】1.of2.criticizedhimfor，gotcriticismof知识点5Atthesametime，youneedtodevelopcriticalthinkingskillssothatyoudonotblindlyacceptnewideas.sothat结构本句中使用到了sothat结构。sothat有两个常见用法：一是可以引导结果状语从句，表示“因此，所以”的含义；二是可以引导目的状语从句，意思是“为了，以便”，从句中常含有情态动词can/could，may/might，will/would等，相当于inorderthat。sothat有时可转换成so...that...结构。注意：sothat在引导目的状语从句时，如果主句和从句的主语一致时，也可以转化成inordertodo/soastodo形式的目的状语，但是soastodo作目的状语不可以放在句首。[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Nothingmorewasheardfromhimsothatwebegantowonderwhetherhehadmovedaway.②Hesurfedtheschool’swebsiteandwentthroughtheprofilesothathecouldfindmoreabouttheschool.→Hesurfedtheschool’swebsiteandwentthroughtheprofileinorderthathecouldfindmoreabouttheschool.→Hesurfedtheschool’swebsiteandwentthroughtheprofilesoasto/inordertofindmoreabouttheschool.[句型转换/单句写作]①ForthepurposeofbuyinghismotherapresentonMother’sDay，thelittleboyputeverycoininhissavings.→ThelittleboyputeverycoininhissavingsonMother’sDay.(目的状语从句)②ThemomentthefootballfanssawBeckham，theygotexcitedsothattheycriedout.→ThemomentthefootballfanssawBeckham，theygotexcitedtheycriedout.③她说话说得很清楚，便于大家都能听懂。(inorderto/soasto).【答案】1.sothat/inorderthathecouldbuyhismotherapresent2.so，that3.Shespokeclearlyinorderto/soastogetherselfunderstood知识点6Instead，youshouldinquirefurthertoassessthetruthofwhatyouarebeingtold.inquirevt.&vi.询问，打听(1)inquireaboutsb./sth.询问……，打听……inquiresth.ofsb.向某人打听(或询问)某事inquireintosth.调查某事，查问某事学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (2)inquiringadj.好奇的，爱探索的；探寻的，探究的(3)inquiryn．调查；询问，打听hold/launchaninquiryintosth.对某事进行调查makeaninquiryabout询问，打听①Youcancontactoursalesandmarketingmanager，ifyouwanttoinquireaboutthediscountdetails.→Youcancontactoursalesandmarketingmanager，ifyouwanttothediscountdetails.如果你想要询问打折的细节，你可以联系我们的市场销售部经理。②Wheneveritcomestofood，thelittleboyisalwayshavingan(inquire)mind.每当谈到食物，那个小男孩总是爱刨根问底。③Thepolicehaveinquiredintotheaccident，anticipatingtofindoutthoseinvolvedassoonaspossible.→Thepolicehavelaunchedan(inquire)intotheaccident，anticipatingtofindoutthoseinvolvedassoonaspossible.警方已经开始进行事故调查，期望尽早找出与此事件相关的人员。【答案】1.makeaninquiryabout2.inquiring3.inquiry知识点7Secondly，takeadvantageofopportunitiesforlifelonglearning—forexample，youcouldregisteronlineandsubscribetoe-learningcourses，whichhavebecomeincreasinglypopularinrecentyears.subscribeto订阅；定期订购(或订阅等)；同意，赞成[一词多义]　写出下列句子中subscribeto的汉语意思①Hesubscribestotheviewthatchildrencanbenefitfrombeingindependent.②Ilikereadinginmysparetimeandhavesubscribedtoseveralmagazinesrecently.③Manypeoplewereattractedbytheeducationfundsothattheyfinallysubscribedsomemoneyit.许多人被那项教育基金所吸引，结果最后他们都向它捐了款。【答案】1.赞成2.订购3.to知识点8Beforethefirstblackswanwasseen，theassumptionwasthatallswanswerewhite.assumptionn．假定；假设(1)makeanassumption作出臆断；假定ontheassumptionthat...假定……(2)assumevt.假定；设想assumesb./sth.tobe...假定/假设某人/某物为……Itisassumedthat...人们认为……(3)assume/assuming(that)...假设/假定……学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ①Alotofpeoplethatpovertyonlyexistsinthethirdworld.很多人认为贫穷只存在于第三世界。②Weassumedhim(be)thebestwriterofourtimeandthoughthighlyofhim.我们认为他是我们这个时代最优秀的作家，并且对他评价很高。③It(assume)thatthisisthebestpossibletranslation.据认为这可能是最佳译文。④(assume)thatyouareright，we’llmakeagreatdealofmoneyfromtheproject.假定你是正确的，我们将会从这项工程中赚许多钱。【答案】1.maketheassumption2.tobe3.isassumed4.Assuming/Assume知识点9However，thistaughtmeavaluablelesson.AssoonasIreceivedthenextassignment，IheadedstraightforthelibrarytofindthereferencebooksIneededformyresearch，andthencreatedanoutlinefollowedbyadraft.referencen．参考；提到；推荐信vt.查阅，参考(1)make(no)referenceto(未)提及forreference供参考in/withreferenceto关于；根据……而论(2)referto谈到，提到，指的是；查阅，参考；涉及，与……相关referto...as...把……称作……[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Heiskeptinthedarkabouttheillness，sopleaseavoidmakinganyreferencetothatonthephone.inthedarkaboutsth.对某事全然不知②Hewrotedownthenameofthehotelforfuturereferenceincasehemightgetlostandforgetwherehelived.③Inreferencetoyourquestionaboutcost，thepriceofticketsforthefilmis35yuaneach.④Thestarreferstoitemswhichareintendedforlearnersofadvancedcomprehension.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Theviewsprovidedarenotnecessarilycorrectandtheyareonlyforyour(refer)．②referencetowhatyouinquiredaboutintheletterofJuly22，Ican’tgiveyouanydefinitereplyatpresent.③GetpreparedbecausewhilegivingtheEnglishspeech，onethenotes.做好准备，因为在做英语演讲的时候是不允许看笔记的。【答案】1.reference2.With/In3.isnotallowedtoreferto知识点10Aftercarefuleditingandpolishing，theresultwasamuchbetteressaythanthelast，anditwasreadyinmydeskdrawerdaysbeforethedeadline.polishvt.&vi.修改，润饰；擦光，磨光n.抛光，上光；完美，娴熟，精湛学科网（北京）股份有限公司 polishsth.(up)修改；润色；提高，改善polishsth.(up)withsth.用……擦拭……[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Finally，Iwouldliketothankmytutor，whohasofferedalotofsuggestionsandcommentsonmypaperandpolishedupeverypageofmydraft.最后，我要感谢我的导师，他对我的论文提了很多建议和意见，并且对我的草稿每一页都进行了修改。②Heparkedbytheroadside，pretendingtobepolishinghisglasseswithahandkerchief.[单句语法填空/完成句子]①It’snousepolishingyourleathershoesapieceofcloth.You’dbetterhavethemmaintainedbyprofessionals.用一块布擦拭你的皮鞋没什么用。你最好将它们送给专业人士保养。②Whatweoffertoyouisaone-monthprofessionalcourse.我们提供给你的是一个月的专业课程，以提高你的写作技能。【答案】1.with2.topolishupyourwritingskills知识点11Everyonewouldbeassignedaspecifictask，andmyrolewasusuallytoproducethepresentation.presentationn．幻灯片演示；提交；授予；展示会；演出(1)giveapresentation介绍，展示；举办展示会onpresentationof持有，出示(2)presentv．颁发，授予；提出，提交；呈现，展现presentsb.withsth.颁发/授予……给某人presentsth.tosb.颁发/授予……给某人；把……提交给某人[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Toattractmorepotentialcustomers，thesalesmanagerwillgiveapresentationonthenewtabletsonline.②Onpresentationoftherelevantidentitydocumentsyoumaycollectyouroralproperty.③Attheendoftheprogramme，thestudentsarerequiredtopresentessaysontheirresearchtotheirteacher.[单句语法填空/句型转换]①Memberswillbeadmittedintotheclubon(present)ofamembershipcard.②Theheadmasterwillpresentalltheprizestothewinnersafterthereadingcontest.→Theheadmasterwillafterthereadingcontest.【答案】1.presentation2.presentthewinnerswithalltheprizes知识点12LittledidIknowthatIwasabouttoexperiencethebestfouryearsofmylife.little置于句首引起的部分倒装(1)该句为否定副词little置于句首引起的部分倒装句式。学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (2)在正式文体中，表示否定意义的副词、短语位于句首时，其后要使用部分倒装。部分倒装的结构为：be/情态动词/助动词(do/does/did/have/has/had)＋主语(3)常见的否定意义的副词、短语有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，nowhere，innoway，bynomeans等等。①thatIwouldpursuefashiondesignasmyjobandqualifyasafashiondesignereventually.我原本几乎没有想过我会追求时装设计作为我的工作，并最终成了时装设计师。②Notonlynowmoreintellectuallypreparedforthefutureworldofwork，butIamalsomoreconfidentaboutmyowncompetence.现在我不仅对即将踏入的工作领域做好了更充足的知识储备，而且我对自己具备的能力也更加有信心了。③Bynomeans，forhehasnevermadeanymistakesinhiswork.他决不应该被解雇，因为他在工作中从未犯过任何错误。【答案】1.LittledidIthink2.amI3.shouldhebefired知识点13Wewouldmeetintheschoolcafeteriatobounceideasoffeachother，andwouldlaughandargueandlaughsomemoreaswelearnttoworktogetherasateam.woulddo结构(1)本句中使用到了woulddo结构。情态动词would表示过去的习惯性动作，woulddo意思是“过去总是做某事，过去常常做某事”。(2)usedtodo也有“过去常常做某事”的意思，但是暗含过去常做，现在已经不做了。①Whenmyparentswereaway，mygrandmotherresponsibilityforlookingafterme，makingmenotfeellonely.我父母外出的时候，祖母总是承担起照看我的责任，不让我感到孤独。②I，whichmademetooweaktotakepartinsomesportsactivities.我过去抽烟很厉害，这使我身体很弱不能参加体育活动。【答案】1.wouldtake2.usedtosmokeheavily随堂练习一Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theprofessor(reference)toglobalwarmingatleastthreetimesinhisclass.2．Thewholekitchenlitup，withallthecookingfacilities(polish)upwithabottleofcleaner.3．Wehave(presentation)threeoptionstotheStudents’Unionfordiscussion.4．Hardly(have)hearrivedattheairportwhentheplanetookoff.5．Helivedalone，sowheneverhefeltupset，he(will)gotothepub，sittingbythewindowandhaving学科网（北京）股份有限公司 adrink.【答案】1.referred2.polished3.presented4.had5.wouldⅡ.完成句子1．Itispuzzlingwhysheherillnessbutonlytoherfutureplans.让人困惑的是为何她没有提到她的病，而只提了她未来的计划。2．Seizethechancetoyouroralpronunciationforthedurationofyourstudiesabroad.出国留学期间，抓住机会提高你的口语发音。3．Theyrosetoapplaudheraftersheaclearandlogicalherarguments.在她展现了言辞清晰且有条理的论证之后，他们起立向她鼓掌。4．Notuntilhelefthishomehowimportantthefamilywasforhim.直到他离开家，他才意识到家对他来说有多重要。5．Whenhewasachild，heinfrontofthehouse，waitingforhisparentstocomebackfromwork.当他是小孩子的时候，他总是坐在屋前的树下，等着父母下班回来。【答案】1.madenoreferenceto2.polishup3.gave，presentationof4.didherealize5.wouldsitunderatree二Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Tobeexact，theobjectiveofthespeechistoeducatepeopleroadsafety.2．Hemadearesolution(lose)weightbyceasinghavingdessertforlunch.3．Whynotgetyourself(refresh)withacupofcoffeewhenyoufeeltired?4．Advancingthestatusofwomenandgirlsiscriticalto(achieve)successfuloutcomes.5．Ihavebeenwritingtotheprofessorallthemorning，inquiringlanguagecourses.6．AsfarasIknow，agreatmanypeoplemakethe(assume)thatheisright.7．Allscientistssubscribetheviewthattheriseintheearth’stemperatureisduetotheburningoffossilfuelslikecoal，naturalgasandoiltoproduceenergy.【答案】1.on/in2.tolose3.refreshed4.achieving5.about6.assumption7.toⅡ.完成句子1．，childrenwereeatingquietlywithoutmakinganynoise.被教育要守规矩后，孩子们在安静地吃着饭，没发出任何声音。2．Notknowinghowtowrite，shetheworksofthebestauthorsinanattempttoshapehermind.不知道怎么写作，她决定阅读最优秀的作家的作品来塑造自己的思维。3．Hecameacrosstheseoldphotographs，whichthechildhoodallofasudden.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 他偶然发现了这些老照片，突然间唤起了他对童年的记忆。4．poorperformanceinexamsgaverisetohislosingself-confidence.因考试失利遭受的批评导致他丧失了自信。5．Hisparentsputtoomuchpressureonhimstudy.他的父母给他施加了太多的压力，以便他能够知道学习的重要性。【答案】1.Havingbeeneducatedtobehavethemselves2.resolvedtoread/resolvedonreading3.refreshedhismemoryof4.Beingcriticizedfor5.sothathecouldknowtheimportanceof语法精讲Activity1　读文探究阅读教材P48的一段短文，从文中找出下表中对应类型的句子，并把其序号填入下表中相应的位置。简单句(Simplesentence)(1)；(2)并列句(Compoundsentence)(4)；(7)主从复合句(Complexsentence)(3)；(5)；(6)；(9)并列主从复合句(Compound-complexsentence)(8)；(10)Activity2　感悟规律1．既含有并列分句，并列分句中又内含从句，这样的句子称为并列主从复合句。2．在分析处理复杂的句子的时候，找出句中的连接词，对确定从句的作用和功能是有帮助的。Activity3　语法精析复杂句式分析一、句子的分类英文中的句子分为四类：简单句(SimpleSentence)；并列句(CompoundSentence)；主从复合句(ComplexSentence)；并列主从复合句(Compound-complexSentence)。二、简单句1．简单句的基本概念和结构(1)基本概念：简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。(2)结构：一个主语(或并列主语)＋一个谓语(或并列谓语)。2．简单句的分类简单句是英语中的基本句子，五种基本句型是：(1)主谓：主语＋不及物动词(SV)(2)主系表：主语＋系动词＋表语(SVP)(3)主谓宾：主语＋及物动词＋宾语(SVO)学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (4)主谓宾宾：主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)(5)主谓宾补：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC)典型例句：[Asamatteroffact]，manycollegegraduatesgoontopursuecareer[infields(entirelyunrelatedtotheircollegemajors)][withlittledifficulty]．事实上，很多大学毕业生在与自己大学专业完全不相关的领域追求事业并没多大困难。分析：本句在略去所有的状语成分后，可以简化成“...，manycollegegraduatesgoontopursuecareer...”，通过分析可以看到此句只有一个主谓结构，吻合上面的基本句型(3)，所以这是一个简单句。3．简单句其他句型增补(1)主谓状：主语＋不及物动词＋状语(SVA)(2)主谓宾状：主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)(3)Therebe句型注意：Therebe意为“有”，表示人或事物的存在或某地有某物。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际意义。TherearemanykindsofTVsetsonsaleinthatstore.那家商店有很多种电视机在打折销售。三、并列句1．并列句的概念和结构(1)基本概念：由并列连词(如：and，so，but，or等)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。(2)结构：并列句＝简单句＋并列连词＋简单句。2．并列句的分类和并列连词不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系。(1)常见的表示平行关系或递进关系的并列连词：and，notonly...butalso...，both...and...，aswellas，on(the)onehand...ontheotherhand...，neither...nor...等。(2)常见的表示转折的并列连词：but，yet，whereas等。(3)常见的表示选择关系的并列连词：or，either...or...，not...but...等。Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften，andyou’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。Eitheryoucandoitbyyourself，oryoucanasksomeoneelsetodoit.或者你可以自己做，或者可以让别人去做。Hefounditincreasinglyinterestingtoread，buthiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.他发现阅读越来越有意思，但他的视力却开始下降。学科网（北京）股份有限公司 四、主从复合句1．主从复合句的基本概念主从复合句由两个或两个以上的句子连接而成，但其中有一个主要的句子，是全句的中心所在，叫作主句，而另外的句子是次要的、从属的，只是主要句子中的一个成分，为从句。2．主从复合句中主从句之间的关系无论是主句还是从句，都有主语部分和谓语部分，都具有完整的句子结构。不同的是主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是主要句子里的成分，不能独立存在，且从句由从属连词或关系代词引导。3．主从复合句的分类主从复合句涵盖了三大类从句：名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)；定语从句；状语从句。4．主从复合句和并列句的区别主从复合句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。从表面上看，它与并列句相似。其实不然。(1)并列句的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的；这些并列的、对等的句子称作并列分句。(2)主从复合句中的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的、对等的；其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的，称之为主句，其他的主谓结构都是从属地位，称作从句或子句。典型例句：[Atthemoment]，heisthinkingaboutswitchinghismajorsothathecanreallyfindsomething(interestingtopursue)．目前，他在考虑转专业，以便于他能真正找到一些有趣的东西去追求。分析：通过对句子成分进行划分，将一些定语和状语成分省略之后，可以看到sothat前后含有两个主谓结构：“heisthinkingaboutswitchinghismajor”和“hecanreallyfindsomething”。后者由从属关联词sothat引导，为目的状语从句，故本句为主从复合句。Thestudents(benefitingmostfromcollege)arethose(whoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife)．从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全专注于学习生活的学生。分析：通过分析句子可以看出，本句中有两个主谓结构，分别为“Thestudentsarethose”和“whoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife”。前者为主句，后者为who引导的定语从句，修饰those，故本句为主从复合句。五、并列主从复合句并列主从复合句的基本概念既含有并列分句，并列分句中又内含从句，或者说就是含有主从复合句的并列句。也就是说一个句子里包含着多种关系：既有并列关系，又有复合关系。典型例句：①Iaskedaman(whodidthecookinginhishouse)．学科网（北京）股份有限公司 我问了一个男人，在他家谁做饭。②Herepliedthathediditmoreoftenthanhiswife.他回答说，他比他妻子做得多。分析：根据前面的分析方法，我们对以上两个句子分别进行主谓结构的抽取。第①个句子中有两个主谓结构，分别是“Iaskedaman”和“whodidthecooking...”。其中“Iaskedaman”为主句，而“whodidthecooking...”则为who引导的ask的宾语从句。所以这是一个主从复合句。第②个句子中有两个主谓结构，分别是“Hereplied”和“thathediditmoreoftenthanhiswife”。先确定主句为“Hereplied”，后面则为replied的宾语从句，由that引导。所以该句也是一个主从复合句。③Iaskedaman(whodidthecookinginhishouse)，andherepliedthathediditmoreoftenthanhiswife.我问了一个男人，在他家谁做饭，他回答说，他比他妻子做得多。分析：对比这三个句子可以发现，第③个句子中加入了并列连词and，所以这就变成了并列主从复合句。随堂练习一.使用恰当的连接词填空Followingatypicalacademicplanoverthecourseoftheyearispreciselytheoppositeof1.scientistscalllastinglearning.Leavetimebetweenpracticeperiodsforthesamematerial,2.createsthehardnessthatimproveslearning.IowaStateresearchersreadlistsofwordstopeople，3.thenaskedforeachlisttoberecitedbackeitherrightawayafterfifteensecondsofpracticing，orafterfifteensecondsofdoingverysimplemathproblems4.preventedpracticing.Thepeople5.wereallowedtoreproducethelistsrightafterhearingthemdidthebest,6.thegroupdistractedwithmathproblemsfinishedlast.Later,7.everyonethoughttheywerefinished，theywereallsurprisedwithasuddenquiz：writedowneverywordyoucanrecallfromthelists.Suddenly，thegroupwithmoreandimmediatepracticingopportunitiesrecallednearlynothing,8.theworstgroupbecamethebest,9.strugglingtoholdontoinformationandrecallitchangedtheinformationfromshort-termtolong-termmemory.Progressjustshouldnothappentooquickly.Foragivenamountofmaterial，learningisthemostefficientinthelongrun,10.ifyouaredoingtoowellwhenyoutestyourself，waitlongerbeforepracticingthesamematerialagain.【答案】1.what2.which3.and4.that/which5.who/that6.while7.when8.but9.because10.so二.使用适当的连接词改写下列句子1．Thesecrettosuccesscomesfromtheinside，nottheoutside.AuntKarenoncetoldmethat.Iwasshockedtolearnthat..学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2．Afewdayslaterheaskedmetohelphimsaveback-upcopiesagain.Heforgothowtodoit.Ijusttaughthimseveraldaysago..3．SmilingshowsbeingpoliteintheUnitedStates.InChina，smilingisanexpressionofhappiness.Smilingisawaytoavoidbeingembarrassed..4．MuchpoetrywaswrittenintheerasfollowingtheSongDynasty.Thepoetsbecameincreasinglyacademicandabstract.ModernChinesecan’tappreciatethestyleandmeaning..5．Youarefacedwithadifficultchoice.Manyofyourtrustedfriendsmayhaveveryvaluableadvice.Theadvicecanhelpyoutomakethedecision..6．Hewaswalkingthroughalocalmarket.Aten-year-oldboycameoverandbeggedhimtobuyabook.Ithadthewords“InterestingIndia”onitscover..【答案】1.AuntKarenoncetoldmethatthesecrettosuccesscomesfromtheinside，nottheoutsideandIwasshockedtolearnthat.2.Afewdayslaterheaskedmetohelphimsaveback-upcopiesagain，becauseheforgothowtodoit，butIjusttaughthimseveraldaysago.3.SmilingshowsbeingpoliteintheUnitedStates，whileinChina，smilingisnotonlyanexpressionofhappiness，butalsoawaytoavoidbeingembarrassed.4.ThoughmuchpoetrywaswrittenintheerasfollowingtheSongDynasty，thepoetsbecameincreasinglyacademicandabstract，sothatmodernChinesecan’tappreciatethestyleandmeaning.5.Whenyouarefacedwithadifficultchoice，manyofyourtrustedfriendsmayhaveveryvaluableadvice，whichcanhelpyoutomakethedecision.6.Hewaswalkingthroughalocalmarketwhenaten-year-oldboycameoverandbeggedhimtobuyabook，whichhadthewords“InterestingIndia”onitscover.三.单句写作1．雨下得很大，因此在那个地区引发了严重的洪涝。.2．你是要喝杯咖啡呢还是我们马上开始谈正事？?学科网（北京）股份有限公司 3．他没有报名参加面试，这使他失去了一份高薪工作。.4．现在年轻人所缺乏的，不是书本知识，而是实践经验。.5．不管多忙，我们都应该每天给家人腾出些时间来。.6．我第一次写英语作文，犯了好多拼写错误。.7．毫无疑问，旅行使人开阔眼界，增长知识。.8．Andy是一位有名的作家，但没有人知道她来自何处。.【答案】1.Itrainedheavilysothatitcausedseverefloodinginthatarea2.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeorshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway3.Hedidn’tsignupfortheinterview，whichcosthimawell-paidjob4.Whatyoungpeoplelacknowisnotbookknowledgebutpracticalexperience5.Howeverbusyweare，weshouldsparesometimeforourfamilyeveryday6.ThefirsttimeIwroteanEnglishcomposition，Imadealotofspellingmistakes7.Thereisnodoubtthattravellingbroadensone’shorizonandincreasesone’sknowledge写作园地本单元的写作任务是写倡议书。倡议书是为倡议或是发起某项活动而写的书信，其目的是倡议展开某项有意义的活动或推行某种卓有成效的做法。倡议书遵循书信的一般格式，但由于用途和作用的差异，在许多细微之处各不相同。倡议书作为日常应用写作中的一种常用文体，一般由称呼、正文、结尾、落款四部分组成，有些还根据需要加上了适当的标题。写倡议书应该注意以下方面：1．引出倡议目的；2．列举倡议内容；3．提出呼吁。[常用表达]1．Inorderto.../With/Forthepurposeof...2．...besupposedto...3．Itissuggested/advisedthat...4．Itwouldbebetterif...5．Itis(high)timethat...学科网（北京）股份有限公司 近日，一网络平台掀起了关于读书是否重要的讨论。假如你是李华，请你针对这一讨论，以一名学生的名义写一封倡议书，呼吁所有人要爱读书，多读书。内容须包括：1．读书的重要性和意义；2．读书习惯的变化；3．存在的问题；4．对多读书的呼吁。注意：1.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；2．开头和结尾已为你写出，不计入总词数。第一步　审题谋篇[审题]写作要求是写倡议书，写作时应注意下面几点：1．确定文体：这是一篇关于倡议书的应用文写作。写作时注意倡议书的写作特点。2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时或者一般将来时为主。3．主体人称：由于是写倡议书，所以人称应该以第一人称为主。[谋篇]第一段：引出话题，发出倡议；第二段：提出建议和要求；第三段：发出希望。第二步　遣词造句[核心词汇]1．使我们更好地理解……betterourunderstandingof...2．号召某人做某事callonsb.todosth.3．随着科技进步withtechnologydeveloping4．使某人方便做某事makeitconvenientforsb.todosth.5．同等有益beofequalbenefit6．开始行动swingintoaction[连词成句]1．读书不仅是娱乐，而且可以使我们更好地了解世界。Readingisnotonlyrecreation，butitcanalsobetterourunderstandingoftheworld.2．人们可以很容易接触手机，并且它方便了年轻人在线阅读。Smartphonesareeasilyaccessibletopeople，andmakeitconvenientfortheyoungtoreadonline.3．老年人更喜欢看印刷的书。Seniorsprefertoread/showpreferencefortheseprintedbooks.4．你们大家是时候行动起来阅读更多的书了。学科网（北京）股份有限公司 It’stimeforyoualltoswingintoaction，readytoreadmorebooks.第三步　句式升级1．将句1改成倒装句。Notonlyisreadingrecreation，butitcanalsobetterourunderstandingoftheworld.2．将句2改成非谓语动词作状语。Smartphonesareeasilyaccessibletopeople，makingitconvenientfortheyoungtoreadonline.3．将句3改成表语从句。Theseprintedbooksarewhatseniorsprefertoread/showpreferencefor.4．将句4改成虚拟语气。It’stimethatyouallswungintoaction，readytoreadmorebooks.第四步　组句成篇用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。参考范文Topeopleconcerned，Thevalueofreadingcannotbeoverestimated.Notonlyisreadingrecreation，butitcanalsobetterourunderstandingoftheworld，soIamwritingtocallonallofyoutoreadmore.Withtechnologydeveloping，smartphonesareeasilyaccessibletopeople，makingitconvenientfortheyoungtoreadonline，whiletheseprintedbooksarewhatseniorsshowpreferencefor.Therefore，youallaresupposedtofindawaytoread.Whateverbookyoulike，andwhereveryougetit，itisofequalbenefitaslongasthebookisofnutritionandsuitabletoread.Inaword，it’stimethatyouallswungintoaction，readytoreadmorebooks.LiHuaAugust10th,2022分层提分题组A基础过关练一Ⅰ.单词拼写1．TheprofessorcouldtellbythelookonMary’sfacethatshedidn’tunderstandasinglewordofhislecture.2．Thedifficultiesinherwaydidn’tfrightenherawaybutmerelystrengthenedher(决心)．3．Lackingcriteriaforselectionledtoinequalitywhencandidateswerejudged.4．Whethertheseclasseswillbeopentostudentsdependsonhowmanystudentshaveforthem.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 5．Hebehavedstrangely，sayingnothingduringthewholeday，whichwascompletelybeyond.6．With(具体的，确实的)evidencefound，themanwasarrestedwithoutdelayandputintoprison.7．Theresearchshowsthatpre-schoolchildrenarecapableofthinkingin(抽象的)terms.8．Wehavepreparedenoughfoodonthe(假定)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.【答案】1.blank2.resolve3.objective4.registered5.comprehension6.concrete7.abstract8.assumptionⅡ.单句语法填空1．Asweallknow，theNinthSymphonyisoneofBeethoven’sfinest(compose)．2．The(educate)namedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethiseducationalsystem.3．Reducinglevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereis(criticize)tofuturedevelopment.4．Whichjournalswillthelibrarysubscribenextyear?5．Theremoteislandisaplaceforpeopletorestandfind(refresh)formindandbody.6．Wethinkitisreasonableto(assumption)theylivedinthesecaves，regardlessofthecold.7．Wereceivedover300(inquire)aboutthejob，butwedidn’thavetimetodealwiththemall.8．Youareboundbythecontract(pay)beforetheendofthemonth，oryouwillbefined.【答案】1.compositions2.educator3.critical4.to5.refreshment6.assume7.inquiries8.topayⅢ.单句写作1．其中一位候选人的学识给我们留下了深刻的印象。(impress).2．就是在那个经验丰富的老师的指导之下，他们才完成了实验。(强调句).3．旅行的快乐不在于到达目的地，而在于旅行本身。(not...but...).4．很多人并没有意识到当代社会的孩子是很勤奋的。(aware)5．我们别无选择只能重新开始努力，吸引年轻的队员。(renew)【答案】1.Oneofthecandidatesimpresseduswithherknowledge./Oneofthecandidatesimpressedherknowledgeonus2.Itwasundertheguidanceoftheexperiencedteacherthattheyfinishedtheexperiment3.Thejoyoftravellingisnotinarrivingatyourdestination，butinthejourneyitself4.Manypeoplearenotawarethatchildrenincontemporarysocietyarehard-working5.Wehavenochoicebuttorenewoureffortstoattractyoungplayers二Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Susanhasaindramaeducation，whichqualifiesherasadramaplayer.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2．Focusonhowtoensuretheprojectqualityincaseofschedule.3．Hehaschangedagreatdealoverthepastyear，becoming(成熟的)andresponsible.4．Shedecidedtoheadforthe(宿舍)totakeanotherlook，hopingtofindherlostdictionary.5．I’vejustmadearoughoftheletter，whichneedstobepolisheduplater.6．Icameacrosshimintheschool，wherehewashelpingservethemealstothestudents.7．Don’tyouthinkitisrudeofhimtoideasoffcolleagueseverywherehegoes?8．Havingmadegreatacademicachievements，hewasappointedofFrenchatCambridgeattheageofforty.【答案】1.certificate2.tight3.mature4.dormitory5.draft6.cafeteria7.bounce8.ProfessorⅡ.选词填空1.Shemanagedtoherjobwhenseveralofhercolleagueslosttheirs.2．Shethepainting，wonderingwhereshehadseenitbefore.3．Hewasexcitedtobethewinnerofthecontest，buthisexcitementdisappearedwhenheknewherankedsecond.4．Thefindingoftheresearchisthatwomenhavingababyoftenmakethebestmothers.5．whereyourgenuineinterestlies，andthendecidewhatyouwanttolearninuniversity.6．Itsuddenlymethatitwouldtakeagreatdealofpracticetobegoodatlistening.【答案】1.holdonto2.staredat3.inaflash4.puttingoff5.Reflecton6.dawnedonⅢ.单句写作1．把字典放在手边，方便查找。(reference).2．我做梦也没有想到会在这次竞赛中获一等奖。(little位于句首的部分倒装)3．他每到星期天就来看望自己年迈的父母。(would).4．他被邀请在会上就食品安全问题进行发言。(presentation).5．他想上夜校来提高法语水平。(polish).【答案】1.Putthedictionarycloseathandforeasyreference.2.LittledidIdreamofwinningthefirstprizeinthecontestthistime3.OnSundayshewouldcometoseehisagedparents4.Hewasinvitedtogiveapresentationof/onfoodsafetyattheconference5.HewantedtogotonightschooltopolishuphisFrench.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 题组B能力提升练语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)TheThingstoThinkAboutBeforeYouMakeaCareerChangeMakingacareerchangecomeswithalotofchallenges,1.meansputtingthepresentstablecareeronthelineforsomethinguncertain.First，thinkaboutwhatgoalsyou2.(attain)andthereasonswhythechangeisneeded.Ifthesalaryofthepresentjobisnotenoughforyou3.(earn)alivingoryouarefondofnewthings，youofcoursecananticipate4.beingachancetogetanewjob.Second，yourformerexperiencedoesn’tnecessarilyenableyoutogaintheupperhandinregaininganewjob.Priorto5.(make)achange，considerwhattrainingyouwillneedtogettheright6.(qualify)forthenewjob，ifitisnotrelevant7.thepresentone.Maybeyouare8.(justify)inmakingacareerchange，but9.ajobcanprovideisonlysuperiortoothersinsomeaspects.Therefore，don’tforgettoweighuptheprosandconsbeforeyouseizeachance10.(make)acareerchange.【答案】1.which2.haveattained3.toearn4.it5.making6.qualifications7.to8.justified9.what10.tomake课文语法填空Acquiringknowledgeisnotonlyameanstogetabetterunderstandingoftheworld,1.awaytoappreciatehowmuchyoudon’tknow.However,2.wedon’tknowisasimportant/vitaltotheworld，justliketheblankspacesinthecomposition.Inorder3.(adapt)totherapidlychangingworld，weneedtobelifelonglearners.Onlyby4.(refresh)ourknowledgecanwekeepupwiththelatestdevelopmentsbecausetheknowledgeis5.(continuous)changing.Therefore，we，aslifelonglearners，shouldmake6.(we)opentonewknowledgeandideas，anddevelopcriticalthinkingskillstoacceptnewideaswithout7.(blind)．Besides，opportunitiesforlifelonglearningshouldbetakenadvantage8.aswell.Inconclusion，itisa9.(necessary)thatweshouldneverceasetolearn,10.ishelpfultobothhumansocietyandindividuals.【答案】1.but2.what3.toadapt4.refreshing5.continuously6.ourselves7.blindness8.of9.necessity10.which题组C培优拔尖练阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A★LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOLGrades：Preschool－Grade8LCDS.org•703－777－3841Award-winningschoolfeaturesalowstudent-teacherratio(比率)．Coursesincludeart，STEM(Science，Technology，Engineering，Mathematics)，computerprogramming，languages，athletics，instruments.BYOT(Bring学科网（北京）股份有限公司 YourOwnTechnology)，one-to-oneprograminfourththrougheighthgrades.It’sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.★NYSMITHSCHOOLGrades：3years－Grade8Nysmith.com•703－552－2912Top10intheworld，fun，award-winningprogram，upto4gradelevelsofdiversification(多样化)inreadingandmathclasses，dailyscience，computers，logic，foreignlanguages，muchmore.1：9ratio.Minimal(最少的)homework.Hands-onexperimentallearning，agreatattractionforstudentsacrossthecountry.2014TommyAwardfromTJforthespecialachievementofNysmithAlumni.★FUSIONACADEMYTYSONSGrades：6－12FusionTysonsCorner.com•866－461－8039FusionAcademyisaprivatemiddleandhighschoolwhereallclassesareone-to-one：onestudentandoneteacherperclassroom.Here，positiverelationshipsunlockstudents’potential.Schedulingispersonalized，andnohomeworkgoeshome.ComesoontoTysons，Virginia，andachieveschool&lifebalance.★RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMYGrades：6－12，Postgraduaterma.edu•540－636－5484R-MAisacollege-prepboardingschoolwithAirForceJROTC，devotedtodevelopingstudentsofacademicachievement，leadership，andresponsiblecitizenship.Withsmallerclasses—onaverage,14－17studentsperclass—studentsatR-MAfindthemselvesbuildingtheirconfidencebecauseourteacherscareabouteachstudent.Graduatingclasseshavea100%collegeacceptancerateandaverageover$56.6millionincollegescholarshipsofferseachyear.语篇解读　这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四所学校的情况，包括年级、电话和学校特色等信息。1．HowdoesLOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOLdifferfromtheothers?A．Itoffersfieldtrips.B．Ithasavarietyofcourses.C．Itprovidesone-to-oneclasses.D．Ithasaward-winningprograms.A【解析】细节理解题。根据LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL部分中“It’sfamousforitsuniquefieldtrips.”可知，它以独特的实地考察旅行而闻名。由此可知，LOUDOUN乡村走读学校与其他学校的不同之处在于它提供实地考察旅行。故选A。2．WhydoesNYSMITHSCHOOLattractstudents?A．Ithasnohomework.B．Itistheworld’sbestschool.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C．ItisafrequentwinneroftheTommyAward.D．Itgivesthemachancetolearnfromexperience.D【解析】细节理解题。根据NYSMITHSCHOOL部分中“Hands-onexperimentallearning，agreatattractionforstudentsacrossthecountry.”可知，动手实验学习对全国各地的学生有很大的吸引力。由此可知，NYSMITH学校吸引学生是因为它给了他们一个从经验中学习的机会。故选D。3．Whichschoolspecializesinpersonalizededucation?A．NYSMITHSCHOOL.B．FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS.C．RANDOLPH-MACONACADEMY.D．LOUDOUNCOUNTRYDAYSCHOOL.B【解析】细节理解题。根据FUSIONACADEMYTYSONS部分可知，FusionAcademyTysons是一所私立中学和高中，所有班级都是一对一的：每个教室一个学生和一个老师。在这里，积极的关系释放学生的潜力。日程安排是个性化的，回家没有家庭作业。故选B。BIalwayswonderedhowpeoplewouldreactifItriedtoapproachatotalstrangerforhelpinabusyplacelikeastreetcornerorinanoisymall.IhavealwayshurriedpastastrangerwhotriedtocatchmyattentioninabusyplaceorwhenIamrushingaround.Yesterday，IwasinabusyshoppingmallbuyingalargepieceofluggagebecauseIjusthadthetimetodoitaftermanydaysofplanning.Afterthepurchaseinoneofthelargeshops，Ipickedupmyphonefrommypockettocallmydriverwaitingintheparkinglotbutmyphonewasdead.Ithenrequestedtheshopassistantwhohadjustsoldmetheluggagetoringthenumberofmydriverformeandsherepliedthatitwastheshoppolicythattheycannotusemobilephoneswhileworkingintheshop.Igotoutoftheshopontothebusystreetinfrontandapproachedayoungmotherwithhertwokidstomakearequest.AssoonasIsaid“Excuseme，madam”，shegrabbedbothherkidsandran.Ifeltlikeakidnapper.Istoodthere，wonderinghowmanytimesIhadreactedtostrangersliketheyoungmum.Istoodthereinthebusystreetwithpeoplerushingby，lookingattheirfacestoseeiftherewasasignofkindnessontheirfaces.Isawamanprettyshabbilydressed.HeseemedtohavenoticedmeandIjuststoppedhimexpectinghimtorushpast.Myrequestescapedthelips.HeimmediatelycalledthenumberofmydriverandwaitedtillmycarcametobesureIwaspickedup，andheturnedaroundbeforeIcouldthankhimadequatelyandwasgone.IwassurprisedbyhiskindnessandhopeIwilldolikewisetostrangerswhotrytocatchmyattentionfromnowon.语篇解读　本文为夹叙夹议文。作者买了东西，想打电话让司机接他。由于手机死机无法打电话，所以向许多人求助但没有成功，最终是一位衣着破旧的人帮助了他。作者希望自己以后也要像帮助他的那位男士一样对需要帮助的陌生人提供帮助。4．Theauthorturnedtoothersforhelpto.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．chargeuphisdeadphoneB．testtheirreactiontoastrangerC．callhisdrivertopickhimupD．catchtheirattentiontohimC【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者在购物中心买了一大件行李后，想打电话给司机来接他，但电话死机了，于是请求他人帮助。分析选项可知C项符合题意。故选C项。5．Whogavetheauthorahelpinghandatlast?A．Theshopassistant.B．Theshabbily-dressedman.C．Themotherwithtwokids.D．Nobody.B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，最后作者向一个穿着破旧的男人寻求帮助，他立刻打了电话。故选B项。6．Whydidtheauthorexpectthemantorushpastwhenhestoppedhim?A．Theauthorwashopelessafterseekinghelpinvain.B．Themanmaybetoopoortoownaphone.C．Themandidn’tlooksafe.D．Theauthorfoundhimselfmistakenforabadperson.A【解析】推理判断题。作者手机死机，向售货员、年轻的母亲没有求助成功。所以当看见一位穿着破旧的人时也认为会寻求帮助无望。故选A项。7．Whatdoestheauthorlearnfromhisexperience?A．Kindnesscanturnstrangersintofriends.B．Helpingstrangersiseasiersaidthandone.C．Experienceisbettergainedthroughpractice.D．Dotootherswhatyouwouldlikeotherstodotoyou.D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Iwassurprised...tocatchmyattentionfromnowon.”可知，作者对他的好意感到惊讶，希望自己以后也能对那些试图引起作者注意的陌生人做同样的事。D项符合题意。CYoungpeople’scareerexpectationshavebecomemoreconcentratedinfeweroccupations(职业)overthepasttwodecadesthoughsocialmediaandtechnologieslikeArtificialIntelligence(Al)aredevelopingrapidly，accordingtoareportfromtheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)．Traditionaloccupationsfromthe19thand20thcenturies，suchaslawyersandpoliceofficers，continuetotrap(使陷入)theimaginationsofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldastheydidnearly20yearsago.Thereport，basedonalatestsurveyofthe15-year-oldsin41countries，saidthecareerexpectationsof学科网（北京）股份有限公司 youngstersmaybe“antiquatedandunrealistic”．Nearlyhalfofyoungpeoplearoundtheworldwishtoworkinjust10ofthemostcommonprofessions.Thesurveysshowthattoomanyteenagersareignoring，ordon’tknow，newtypesofjobsthatarecomingup，particularlyasaresultofdigitalisation(数字化)．Itisaconcernthatmoreyoungpeoplethanbeforeappeartobepickingtheirdreamjobfromasmalllistofthemostpopular，traditionaloccupations，liketeachers，lawyersorbusinessmanagers.Thereportfoundthatamongboysandgirlswhoperformsimilarlyinscience，boysaremorelikelytoexpecttoworkinscienceandengineering.Thetop10occupationspreferredbyboyshavechangedverylittlesince2,000，butgirlsarenowmorelikelytowanttobearchitects，policeofficers，anddesignersratherthanhairdressersorwriters.Thereportalsofoundabroaderrangeofcareerexpectationsincountrieswithstrongandfirmoccupationaltrainingforteenagers.Forexample，inGermanyteenagersshowamuchwiderrangeofcareerintereststhatbetterreflectpatternsoflabourmarketdemands.MorethanathirdofstudentsintheUKreportalackofcareeradviceatschoolsandcolleges.Youngpeople’swishesaresetasyoungasageseven，anddonotchangeenoughovertimetomeetdemands.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“antiquated”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Outdated.B．Uncertain.C．Purposeful.D．Demanding.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文“Thesurveysshowthattoomanyteenagersareignoring，ordon’tknow，newtypesofjobsthatarecomingup...”可知，太多的青少年不知道正在出现的新型工作，所以年轻人对职业的期望可能是“过时的和不现实的”，画线词语意为“过时的”。故选A。9．Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheyoung’sjobinterest?A．Puzzled.B．Surprised.C．Satisfied.D．Worried.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Itisaconcernthatmoreyoungpeoplethanbeforeappeartobepickingtheirdreamjobfromasmalllistofthemostpopular，traditionaloccupations，liketeachers，lawyersorbusinessmanagers.”可知，作者认为更多的年轻人从少量的最流行、最传统的职业中选择自己的职业这件事是令人担心的事。故选D。10．Whatmeasurecanwidencareerinterestsoftheyouth?A．Strengtheningtheoccupationaltrainingforteenagers.B．Offeringmorenewtypesofoccupationswithhighpay.C．Advertisingnewtypesofoccupationsonsocialmedia.D．Enrichingtheoccupationimaginationsofyoungpeople.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thereportalsofoundabroaderrangeofcareerexpectationsincountrieswithstrongandfirmoccupationaltrainingfor学科网（北京）股份有限公司 teenagers.”可知，对青少年加强职业培训会给他们带来更广泛的职业兴趣。故选A。11．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．NewOccupationsforYoungPeopleB．YoungPeople’sCareerExpectationsC．TheOccupationalTrainingforTeenagersD．TheDifferentDemandsinLabourMarketB【解析】标题归纳题。文章开头说明了年轻人的职业理想的现状，下文介绍了研究结果和解决措施，由此可知，本文主要是讲年轻人的职业理想。故选B。第二节　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Researchersexaminedthebenefitsofsingingamongpeoplewithmentalhealthconditions1._________(include)anxietyanddepression.Theyfoundpeoplewhotookpartinacommunitysinginggroupimprovedtheirmentalhealthandthatthecombinationofsingingandsocialisingwasanimportantpartof2._________(recover)．Thegrassrootsactionruns3.(week)singingworkshopsforthepeople4._________mentalhealthconditionsaswellasthegeneralpublic.It5.(original)beganatahospitalin2005，butafterwardsmovedintothecommunity.Around120peoplenowattendfourfreeworkshopseachweekacrossNorfolk，twothirdsof6.havehadcontactwithmentalhealthservices.Theresearchprojectfollowedthegroupforsixmonthsand7.(undertake)interviewsandfocusgroupswithparticipants，organisers，andworkshop8.(leader)．Thereportshows9.singingandsocialisinggaveparticipantsafeelingofbelongingandwellbeingthatoftenlastedadayor10.(many)，aswellasimprovedsocialskillsandconfidence.语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。研究人员调查了患有焦虑和抑郁等精神疾病的人唱歌的好处。他们发现，参加社区歌唱小组的人心理健康状况有所改善。1.including【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语且句中没有连词，故include只能作非谓语，表示“包括；包含”，故填including。2.recovery【解析】考查名词。此处表示“康复；恢复”需要名词形式，故填recovery。3.weekly【解析】考查形容词。singingworkshops前应填week的形容词形式，故答案为weekly。4.with【解析】考查介词。根据第一段第一句“amongpeoplewithmentalhealthconditions”可知，此处表示“有精神健康问题的人”。故填with。5.originally【解析】考查副词。began为动词，需要副词修饰，故填originally。6.whom【解析】考查定语从句。本句为定语从句，修饰先行词120people，指人，且先行词作介词of的宾语，故填whom。7.undertook【解析】考查动词时态。分析句子可知，空处与followed并列作谓语，故也应用一般过去时，故填undertook。学科网（北京）股份有限公司 8.leaders【解析】考查名词复数。leader为可数名词，且根据上文participants，organisers可知应用复数形式，故填leaders。9.how【解析】考查名词性从句。show后面的句子为宾语从句，根据句意“报告显示了唱歌和社交活动如何给参与者一种归属感和幸福感”可知，此处作状语。故填how。10.more【解析】考查形容词比较级。表示“持续了一天或更长时间”应用形容词比较级，故填more。学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司