2023届高三英语总复习 （译林版2020）选择性必修第三册Unit2 Out of This World（学生版）.docx

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Unit2OutofThisWorld重点词汇1．astronautn．2．gravityn．3．bothervt.4．microscopen．5．maintenancen．6．radiationn．7．furthermoreadv.8．vitaladj.9．disciplinevt.10．permanentadj.11．crucialadj.12．comprisevt.13．pursen．14．talen．15．shuttlen．16．hydrogenn．17．rocketn．18．motiven．19．calculatevt.20．incrediblyadv.21．sheltern．22．nuclearadj.词汇拓展1．absencen．缺乏，不存在；缺席→adj.缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的2．occupyvt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于→adj.已占用的；无空闲的；使用中的→n．工作；职业；占领；居住；使用3．evaluatevt.评估，估计，评价→n．评价；估价4．exposuren．面临，遭受；揭露；报道→v．使暴露；使显露；揭发；使(胶卷)曝光5．visibleadj.看得见的；明显的→adj.看不见的6．universen．宇宙；天地万物→adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的；共同的7．originn．起源，起因；出身→adj.起初的；原来的；首创的；独创的 n．原著；原作8．frequencyn．发生率，出现率；频繁；频率→adj.频繁的→adv.频繁地9．investmentn．投资；投入→v．投资；投入10．coveragen．新闻报道；覆盖范围；信息范围→n．覆盖物；封面；掩护物v．覆盖；遮盖；处理；涉及；包括11．assistantn．助理，售货员，助教adj.助理的，副的→v．帮助；援助12．dustn．沙土，尘土，灰尘，尘埃→adj.脏的13．constantadj.固定的，不变的；连续发生的，重复的→adv.固定地，不变地；连续不断地，重复地重点词组1．使进一步了解……2．在这种情况下；既然如此3．鉴于，考虑到4．显而易见的5．为……打下基础6．makeachievements7．cometoanend8．atatime9．intherightdirection10．dependon11．在……的帮助下12．看起来像13．为了14．由……组成15．陷入；困入16．aswell也17．protect...from/against...18．takeadvantageof19．allovertheworld20．bebathedin重点句型1．thereisnosuch...(as...)parkinglotintheneighbourhoodasyoudescribed.邻近地区没有像你描述的这样的停车场。2．it作形式主语 heshouldbeabsentfromtheceremony.真遗憾，他竟然缺席了这次典礼。3．That/This/Itiswhy...那/这就是为什么……heisalwaysbotheringtocarveiceinthevalley.那就是他不辞劳苦地在山谷中雕刻冰的原因。4．while引导让步状语从句aminorityofstudentswereagainstit，weheldthesportsmeetingonschedule.虽然少数学生反对，但我们还是如期举办了运动会。5．Itislikelythat...……是可能的hewillgotochurchonSunday.知识点01Duetothenearabsenceofgravityinspace，wehavetoattachourselvessothatwedon’tfloataround.absencen．缺乏；不存在；缺席(1)in/duringtheabsenceofsb.＝in/duringone’sabsence某人不在时(2)absentadj.不在的；缺席的；心不在焉的beabsentfrom...不参加……；缺席……[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Furthermore，ItookprideinwhatIhaddoneintheabsenceofmyfather，afamousastronaut.②Tomisabsentfromthebarbecuebecausethesunisalwaysbeatingdowninsummer.[单句语法填空/句型转换]①EverytimeIreturnedafteran(absent)，IfeltstupidbecauseIwasbehindtheothers.②Inviewofhisability，theyoungmanwillbeinpossessionoftheadministrationinmyabsence.→Inviewofhisability，theyoungmanwillbeinpossessionoftheadministration.知识点2Theroutinetasksthatoccupymostofthedayaredemanding，buttheycanalsobeextremelyrewarding.occupyvt.占用，使用；居住；占领，侵占；使忙于(1)occupyoneselfwithsth./indoingsth.忙于某事；专心做某事(2)occupiedadj.忙于……的；从事……的；使用中的beoccupiedindoingsth.忙于做某事beoccupiedwithsth.从事/忙于某事(3)occupationn．占领；职业；工作[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Harryoccupiedhimselfindoinghishomework，sittinginfrontofhisoldcupboard. ②Helenwasfullyoccupiedwithbusinessmatters，sowedidn’twanttobotherher.③Aftergraduation，themandecidedtoregardbecominganastronautashisoccupation.[单句语法填空/一句多译]①Afterenteringseniorhighschool，youshouldsetasidesometimetoparticipateinsomeout-of-classactivitiesalthough(occupy)instudying.②MayIhaveyouraddress，telephonenumber，ageand(occupy)，please?③虽然年轻，但她一整天忙于家务。→Youngasshewas，shehouseworkallday.(occupyoneselfwith)→Youngasshewas，shehouseworkallday.(beoccupiedwith)→Youngasshewas，shehouseworkallday.(occupyoneselfin)→Youngasshewas，shehouseworkallday.(beoccupiedin)知识点3Inthecircumstances，it’stimeforaspacewalk.in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下，既然如此in/undernocircumstances绝不(放句首时句子用倒装语序)in/underanycircumstances在任何情况下ifcircumstancesallow/permit如果条件允许的话[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①MyteacheralwaysremindsmethatundernocircumstancesshouldIabandonmylearninggoalsonceIsetthem.②Asanastronaut，hewillnevergiveuphisdreamofexploringspacein/underanycircumstances.③Ifcircumstancesallow/permit，Iwillsparenoefforttohelpyoufindasuitableaccommodation.[完成句子]①，itseemsbetternottotellhimthetruth.既然如此，不告诉他实情似乎更好。②thatIwouldmeetsomanyproblemswhenIdecidedtotakethejob.当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。知识点4Spendingsometimeinthegymisofvitalimportancetoastronauts’health.vitaladj.必不可少的；对……极重要的；维持生命所必需的bevitalto/for...对……极为重要的Itisvitaltodo...做……很重要Itisvitalthat...(should)dosth.……是十分重要的[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵 ①Asfarasweallareconcerned，considerationforotherpeopleisvitalto/forallofus.②Asforthework，itisvitaltocastnewlightonitsdetailsimmediately.③Ifwearetomakeadifferenceinlife，it’svitalthatwe(should)beginwithsmallthings.[单句语法填空/一句多译]①What’smore，somedrivers，cyclistsandpedestrians(行人)donotthinkitvital(obey)trafficrules.②Asweallknow，waterisvitalkeepingeverycreaturealive，withoutwhichtheworldwouldbeadeadplace.③重要的是我们应该从失败中吸取教训。→weshouldlearnsomethingfromfailure.(主语从句)→weshouldlearnsomethingfromfailure.(it作形式主语)知识点5However，becauseofthenearabsenceofgravityinspace，thereisnosuchthingas“up”or“down”．thereisnosuch...(as...)(1)thereisnosuch...(as...)是固定句式，表示“(世界上)没有(像……)这样的……”。句中“nosuch＋单数名词”意为“没有这样的……”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“notsucha/an＋单数名词”；as在此为介词。(2)such...as...像……这样的……，as在句中引导定语从句。(3)such...that引导结果状语从句。(4)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Believeitornot，thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.②Thereisnosuch(＝notsucha)maninourterritory.③Thebloomingflowersweresoawesomethattheyleftapermanentimpressiononus.[单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级]①It’ssuchadifficultproblemwecan’tworkout.②It’ssuchadifficultproblemwecan’tworkitout.③Itmayhelpyoutoknowthataperfectspeech.它能帮助你认识到根本就没有完美的演讲。④Thepenwritessosmoothlythatitcancontributetomakingourhandwritingbetter.→thatitcancontributetomakingourhandwritingbetter.(倒装)知识点6That’swhyeveryspacewalkiscarefullyplanned.That/This/Itiswhy...(1)That/This/Itiswhy...表示“那/这就是为什么……”，why引导表语从句。(2)It/This/Thatisbecause...这/那是因为…… (3)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……①fishprefershallowwatertodeepwater—theformeriswarmer.那就是为什么鱼类喜欢浅水而不是深水的原因——前者更温暖些。②Maybeit’swehaveseldomsatdownandexchangedourthoughtsandfeelings.那可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流思想感情。③Thereasonhewasn’tadmittedintoakeyuniversitywashisgradesweretoolow.他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低。知识点7Therealityisthatspaceexplorationisextremelydifficultanddangerous，cantakeaverylongtimeandcostsahugeamountofmoney.amountn．数量v.总计；共计；等于(1)“alargeamountof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“largeamountsof＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。(2)amountto总计为……[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Thecrewinthisfoundationhavereceivedalargeamountof/largeamountsofhelpfrompeopleallovertheworld.②Alargeamountofdamagehasbeendonetothecityinaveryshorttime.③Theinvestmenttotheprojectamountedtomerely￡250,000.[联想发散]　[单句语法填空/完成句子]①Largeamountsofwastewater(have)beenpouredintoseasofar.②Agreatdealofmoney(donate)tothespacestationbytheoldastronomer.③Itiscalculatedthatthisfundthreemillion.据核算，这笔资金总共三百万。知识点8Wedesiretoexplorethefurthestfrontierofall—space.desirev．渴望；期望n．渴望；欲望；渴求(1)desiretodosth.渴望做某事 desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……(2)haveastrongdesire注意：desire不用于进行时态，后接宾语从句或同位语从句时，从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Wealwaysdesiretoliveinharmonywithourneighbors.②Wedesirethatimmediatehelp(should)begiventothelocalvillagerswhohavebeentrappedinthevalley.③Ihadastrongdesiretoreachoutandplaywiththetoy，butwasheldbackthankfullybytheshopwindow.我有一种强烈的渴望去拿那个玩具玩但幸亏被商店的橱窗阻挡了。[单句语法填空/一句多译]①Idesirehim(give)mesomesuggestionsonimprovingmylistening.②It’sourdesireyoushouldfundourprogramandofferussomepracticalsuggestions.③每个人都渴望成功，而成功只属于努力的人。→Everyonewhilesuccessonlybelongstothehardworkingpeople.(desiren．)→Everyonewhilesuccessonlybelongstothehardworkingpeople.(desirev．)知识点9Trytomakesenseofwhatyouseeandwonderaboutwhatmakestheuniverseexistmakesenseof理解；弄懂makenosense没道理；没意义makesense讲得通；有意义inasense从某种意义上来说innosense决不；绝非(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装语序[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Theoldastronautscannedthepoem，butcouldnotmakesenseofit.②Thissentencethepupilhasmadedoesn’tmakesense.＝Thissentencethepupilhasmademakesnosense.③Innosenseshouldyouloseheart；keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.[完成句子]①Canyouwhattheforeignersaidjustnow?你能理解这位外国人刚才说的话吗？②，whattouchedmemostwasthathelaidthefoundationformyfluentspokenEnglish.从某种意义上来说，最打动我的是他为我的流利口语奠定了基础。 知识点10Weshouldfindpermanentshelterthatofferslongtermprotectionfromradiation.sheltern．居所，住处，庇护vt.保护，掩蔽vi.躲避(1)takeshelter(from)躲避(……)undertheshelterof在……的庇护下(2)shelterfrom...躲避……(风雨或危险)；避难shelter...from...保护……以免……[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Thesolution，ofcourse，wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseekshelterduringthedaytime.②Theyjustwanttosheltertheirkidsfromeverykindofdanger.③Westoppedrunningandtookshelter/shelteredfromtheraininanearbycafé.④Undertheshelterofthebaytherewasnorisktoaboatinthehandsofanexperiencedcaptain.[完成句子]①Tomydelight,thebabygrewupgradually.令我高兴的是，这个婴儿在他妈妈的庇护下逐渐长大了。②Ourparentsalwayswhenwewereyoung.我们小的时候，父母总是保护我们不受任何伤害。知识点11Somepeoplebelievethatwhilespaceexplorationexpandsourunderstandingoftheuniverse，itisawasteofthepublicpurseanddoesnothingtoenhancethequalityofourliveshereontheEarth.while的用法(1)该句为复合句，while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”。(2)while的用法：[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Mentendtobeviolentwhilewomenactintheoppositeway.②WhileIwasworkingforawedding，apearlnecklacedisappeared.③Sheworkedinabankforawhilebeforestudyinglaw.④Whilethoseseedsareexpensive，thecompanytellsfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofits.[完成句子]①adesireforsuccess，othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.当一些人被成功的渴望所驱动的时候，另一些人却被失败的恐惧所驱动。 ②，Iwascarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗的时候，我不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。知识点12Forexample，liquidhydrogenisacleanalternativeenergysourcethatisusedwidelyasrocketfuel，anditislikelythathydrogenfuelcellvehicleswillbemassproducedandlaunchedinthenearfuture.Itislikelythat...(1)Itislikelythat...“……是可能的”，此句型可转化为Sb./Sth.belikelytodo...“某人/物可能做……”。(2)其他表示“……可能……”的句型：[佳句赏读]　感悟句意·背诵①Itislikelythatyouwillsufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.→Youarelikelytosufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.②Itispossibleforhertosetaworldrecordagain.→Itisprobable/possiblethatshewillsetaworldrecordagain.[辨析比较]　likely，possible，probablelikely指从外表、迹象上进行判断，有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语。Itislikelythat...或Sb./Sth.belikelytodo...possible指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语。Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.或Itispossiblethat...probable可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。不能用人作主语。It’sprobablethat...，不能用于It’sprobableforsb.todosth.这一结构。[单句语法填空/选词填空]①Studiesshowthatpeoplewhovolunteerarelesslikely(develop)depressionthanpeoplewhodon’t.②Itisformetochangejobs，butIamnotsure.③I’mtobeverybusytomorrow.④Itisthatshewillbeelectedasourmonitor.知识点13Theresultsofthesespaceinvestigationshavemademajorcontributionstoanunderstandingoftheorigin，evolution，andlikelyfutureoftheuniverse，suchasplanets，stars，andallotherformsofmatterandenergy.makecontributionsto对……做出贡献contributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助 contributeto有助于；促使；导致contribute...to...向……捐献/捐赠……①LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad，JiangsuwilltheBeltandRoadconstruction.位于“一带”和“一路”交汇处，江苏将会为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。②Everyoneiswillingtocontributefoodandclothesthehomelesspeople.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。③Participatinginthecontestwillbeagoldenchanceformetoshowmydancingskillsandmakesome(contribute)totheclass.参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能，并对班级做一些贡献的机会。[名师点津]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有cause，leadto，resultin等。随堂练习一Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．However，itislikelyNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.2．Alargeamountofdustontheceiling(damage)thewholeattractionofthebuildinguptonow.3．Somepeoplepayaconstantvisittotheshelterforthehomelessothersseldomgothere.Ⅱ.完成句子1．I’mafraidit’ll.我恐怕这得花费一大笔钱。2．Wetheearthquakefundlastyear.去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。3．Doyouthinkitispossibleforarobot?你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？4．，Idonothaveenoughtime.尽管我愿意帮你，可是我没有足够的时间。二Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Asaskilledworker，he(occupy)withthemaintenanceofthecarseveryday.2．Itcomesasnosurprisethatracismiswhollyunacceptableunderany(circumstance)3．Thecasewasdismissedinthe(absent)ofanydefiniteproof.Ⅱ.完成句子 1．theimportanceofprotectingthemselvesfromradiation.让孩子们意识到保护自己免遭辐射的重要性是至关重要的。2．asyouhavedescribedinourclass.我们班没有你描述的那样的学生。3．Almosteveryoneatallagescanenjoymusic.musicissopopular.几乎所有年龄段的人都能欣赏音乐，这就是音乐如此受欢迎的原因。语法精讲Activity1　读文探究阅读教材P20的一段短文，探究并找出下表中的主语从句。thatThatHubbleisbasedinspaceallowsittoseefurtherthangroundbasedtelescopes，anditallowsscientiststolearnmoreabouttheuniverse.whetherWhetherlifeonotherplanetsdoesexistisyettobeproved，butthesignsarepromising...itItisclearthattelescopesarecrucialtoolsforspaceexplorationandthatdevelopingtherequiredtechnologywillhelpastronomersallovertheworldmakeexcitingdiscoveries.howmuchHowmuchwewilllearnfromthetelescopesismerelylimitedbyourimagination.Activity2　感悟规律1．当从句陈述一个事实时，我们可以使用that来引导一个主语从句。2．当从句是一个表示是否的问题时，我们可以使用whether来引导一个主语从句。3．当主语从句很长时，可用it作形式主语。4．当从句是表示程度的问题时，我们可以使用howmuch来引导一个主语从句。Activity3　语法精析一、定义在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。Whatmadepeopleexcitedwasthatthesolarshiphadcompletedaroundtheworldtrip.让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环游世界的旅行。Itworriedtheastronautthatherniecewasalwaysplayingcomputergames.侄女一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个宇航员很担心。二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能1．连接词that和whether/if(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 Thattheastronomerssurvivedtheaccidentinthecircumstancesisamiracle.在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。Whethertheradiationwillbecontrolledisstillunknown.＝Itisstillunknownif/whethertheradiationwillbecontrolled.辐射是否会得到控制还不知道。[名师点津]　whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等)连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Whichever(ofyou)comesinfirstwillbeadmittedbythisagency.无论(你们)谁先进来都将被这家机构录取。Whowillbeinchargeoftheadministrationisplaintosee.谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。Whateveryoudoinyoursparetimeshoulddonoharmtoothers.无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。[名师点津]　who引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等)连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。Howthismissionwassolvedisnotcleartoanyone.这个任务是怎么解决的，谁也不清楚。Whenwewillhaveameetingisanimportantquestion.我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。Wherethetreasurewasburiedisstillapuzzle.财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。[名师点津]　名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：(1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能；(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义；(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；(4)确定从句的引导词。三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构1．It＋be＋形容词(vital，obvious，true，natural，strange，etc.)＋主语从句Itisvitalthatheshouldknowaboutthis.他应该知道此事是重要的。[名师点津]　在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为vital/important/ necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。2．It＋be＋名词词组(nowonder，anhonour，apity，a/nosurprise，etc.)＋主语从句It’sapitythatplayingcomputergameshasoccupiedtoomuchofhistime.很遗憾玩电脑游戏占了他太多的时间。3．It＋be＋过去分词(suggested，said，reported，thought，expected，proved，etc.)＋主语从句Itissuggestedthatthefoundationshouldbesetuptocollectenoughmoney.有人建议应建立基金会来筹钱。[名师点津]　在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。4．It＋不及物动词(happen，seem，appear，remain，etc.)＋主语从句Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨。5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句Itsurprisedhimwhytheycametovisithimsuddenly.让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然来看他。四、主语从句中应注意的问题1．从句要用陈述语序Whatwewilldonextshouldbedecided.应该决定我们下一步该做什么。2．主谓一致(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。Wherehewillgetajobaftergraduationhasbotheredhimmuch.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很烦恼。[名师点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。Whattheschoolneedsmostarebooks.这所学校最需要的是书。(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。Whenandwherethemoviewillbeshownisnotclear.这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。随堂练习一.用适当的连接词完成下面短文Everyoneknew1.Wendywasafamouswriter，butnooneknew2.shecamefrom and3.shewasbornin1961wasstillamystery.4.theydidknowwas5.shewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelped6.wasinneedofmoney.Wendywasgenerousandhelpful，butsomepeoplethoughtshewaschasingfame.Wendysaidshedidn’tunderstand7.theyweresonarrowminded，butitdidn’tmatter8.othersthoughtofher.Shejustwantedtodo9.shethoughtwasright.Ithinkthatis10.themeaningoflifelies.二.用适当的关系词填空1．themissionwasdonewasapermanentmystery.2．Johnwaslatefortheclassisplaintosee.3．partoftheterritoryhewillmakehiswaytoneedsdiscussing.4．theEnglishEveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeendecided.5．bothersmemostisthatheistooproudtotakepartinit.6．isinterestedintheactivitycansigntheirnames.7．willbeinchargeofthecompanyisbeingdiscussed.8．theastronomerswillholdapartytomorrowdependsontheweather.9．carswillbeparkedinthefutureisaquestion.10．Itisveryimportantastudent(should)learnEnglishwell.三.完成句子1．thatthevideoturnsoutsplendid.很明显视频是极好的。2．yourartskills，inwhichyoushowedoutstandingtalent.给我们印象最深的是你那展示了你的杰出才能的艺术技巧。3．thatthewatercanremainatthattemperatureforabouttwentyhours.让我们最吃惊的是，水能保持那个温度大约20个小时。4．hasexcitedeveryoneofus.这个电影明星将来我们市使我们每个人感到兴奋。5．doesn’tbothermetoomuch.她是否会来我都不太在意。写作园地本单元的写作任务是写一篇有关外星人的故事。此类写作中，必须通过细致的观察和丰富的想象进行生动形象的描写，以给读者留下深刻的印象。在进行背景描写时，可使用一些形容词来烘托心情。情节是此类故事的核心，务必注意故事中的人物及各种冲突设置。常用表达1．...happensto...……发生了…… 2．Itisquitelikely/possible/probablethat...很可能……3．...willgoto...……将去……4．Theywillgoto...by...他们将乘坐……去……5．They...inafriendlyatmosphere.在友好的氛围中，他们……请根据课本P23PartB的漫画内容写一篇有关外星人的小故事。注意：可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步　审题谋篇[审题]写作要求是写关于有关外星人的小故事，写作时应注意下面几点：1．确定文体：这是一篇小故事。写作时注意故事的写作特点。2．主体时态：以一般过去时为主。3．主体人称：以第一人称为主。[谋篇]第一段：介绍故事发生的背景。第二段：介绍故事中的主要人物以及故事情节。第三段：介绍故事的结局。第二步　遣词造句[核心词汇]1．一条荒芜的街道adesertedstreet2．一个奇怪的声音astrangenoise3．令人害怕的scary4．僵住frozen5．手拉手handinhand6．触手可及withinone’sreach7．在友好的氛围中inafriendlyatmosphere[连词成句]1．一天晚上，我正在一条荒芜的街道上走着。Onenight，Iwaswalkingonadesertedstreet.2．就在那时，我听到从漆黑的天空中传来了一个奇怪的声音。AtthattimeIheardastrangenoisefromthedarksky.3．我非常害怕，只能一动不动地站在那里。IwasveryfrightenedandIcoulddonothingbutstandthere，frozen.4．在友好的氛围中，我们谈论了许多关于太空的话题。 Wetalkedalotaboutspaceinafriendlyatmosphere.第三步　句式升级1．用bedoing...when...连接句1和句2Onenight，IwaswalkingonadesertedstreetwhenIheardastrangenoisefromthedarksky.2．用so...that...结构改写句3IwassofrightenedthatIcoulddonothingbutstandthere，frozen.第四步　组句成篇用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。分层提分题组A基础过关练一Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Becauseoftheabsenceof，theastronautshavetoattachthemselvesinspace.2．Aftertheflood，some(衣柜)werefloatingaroundthevalley.3．Don’t(花费时间精力)tohelphimandhewillbeabletomanagethemission4．Howtothestatue’svaluewasconcerningtheexpertsinthisresearchcenter.5．Thebigwasflyingaroundthedepthofthevalleyandbitmeallofasudden.6．Withouttheaidofasomegermscannotbeseenbyus.7．Weneedtofindmorecreativewaysto(严格要求)ourstudentsandtomaintaincontrolintheclassroom.8．Staringatthebroken(天花板)，oneofmyniecesdecidedtomakeherwaytonexthotelforaccommodation.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Ihavebeenso(occupy)withthemissionthatIdon’thavetimeforsocialactivities. 2．Wesetupawildlifereservetoprotectanimalsfrom(hunt)．3．Whatannoyedmewasthathewasalways(absence)frommyclass.4．Strongyoumaybe，youcannotcarrytheheavyboxbyyourself.5．Itisvisiblethattakingplentyofexercisecanbeofgreat(beneficial)．6．viewoftheweather，aminorityofmyclassmatesdecidedtocancelthebarbecue.7．Itisapitythatyou(miss)suchagoodchancetomakeyourwaytotheArctic.Ⅲ.单句写作1．随着截止日期的来临，我工作得更勤奋了。(as).2．令我们高兴的是，会议半个小时就结束了。(cometoanend).3．他频繁的缺课使我们进一步了解他的家庭状况。(castnewlighton).4．那就是那个宇航员喜欢在太空站履行任务的原因。(Thatiswhy...).5．如果是二度或者三度烧伤，把伤者立刻送往医院是至关重要的。(vital).二Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Asisknown，waterismadeupofoxygenand.2．MrSmithtookallthemoneyleftoutofhisanddonatedit.3．ItissocoldintheArcticthatIcannotcontrolmyself.4．Thekindintheshopsoldsomesouvenirstothesemechanics.5．Itis(预测)thattheinvestmentisasuccessandhasmadeprofit.6．Canyoutellmetheoriginofthisfamous(故事)atthepresenttime?7．Their(动机)formovingintothevalleydifferfrompersontoperson.8．Ihidmyselfinsidethecupboardinthe(住处)andwatchedintentlyeverythingoutside.Ⅱ.选词填空1．Hehasinvestedmoneyinstockmarketsofar.2．Themechanicnotonlysings；sheplaysthepianoinherleisuretime.3．Youhadbetteryourselfthestrongsunlightbywearingblackglasses.4．Thecrewfourastronautsandfiveastronomersfromtheresearchagency.5．Astheyouthoftoday，weshouldeverychancetoachieveourgoals.Ⅲ.单句写作 1．就我而言，只要你努力练习，你就有可能成为一个好选手。(belikelyto).2．刚一开始，你会发现自己在适应新环境上有些困难。(find＋宾语＋宾补).3．经过十年的努力，他的公司已发展成为一家大公司。(expandinto).4．在今天的《中国日报》上读过你们招聘秘书的广告后，我想应聘这个职位。(applyfor).5．科学家们正在探究所有可能提高粮食产量的方法。(explore).题组B能力提升练语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇)Whetherspaceanduniverseareworth1.(explore)hasbeenaheatedtopicforpeople.Someastronauts2.(bother)toexplorespacetofinishtheirmissionsbynow.Duetothe3.(absent)ofgravityinspace，theyhavetoattachthemselvesinordernottofloataround.Theyareoccupiedinconductingscientificresearchand4.(evaluate)theeffectsoflowgravityoncreatures.Atthesametime，theyhavetodosomemaintenanceandcleaning.Foraspacewalk，theymustputontheirspacesuitstoprotectthemfrom5.(expose)tothecoldandradiation.Inviewofthelowgravityenvironment，itis6.luxurytoeatfreshfood.Sometimestheymusttakepillstoensureabalancedsupplyofnutrients.Thoughitischallenginganddifficult，itisrewarding.Theresultsofthesespaceexplorationshavemademajorcontributions7.anunderstandingoftheorigin，evolution，andlikelyfutureoftheuniverse.Althoughspaceexplorationdemandshugeinvestment，thespaceindustry8.(actual)canbringgreateconomicvalue.Meanwhile，itcanprovideeducationandinspirationforthenextgeneration.In9.(I)opinion，suchwondersasaspaceshuttlelaunchorastronautswalkingontheMoonareincrediblyexcitingandinspiringtowitness，anditcanbethesemoments10.shapechildren’slivesforeverandmotivatethemtobecomethescientistsandengineersofthefuture.课文语法填空Mysix-monthstayonaspacestationisa1.(challenge)butmagicaladventure.Thedailylifetherefortheastronautsdiffersfrom2.ontheEarth.Duetothenearabsenceofgravityinspace，wehavetoattachourselves3.thatwedon’tfloataround.Theroutinetasks4.(occupy)mostofthedayaredemandingbut5.(extreme)rewarding.Foraspacewalk，wehavetoputonourspacesuits,6.canprotectusfromexposuretothecoldandradiation.Meanwhile，eatingisalsodifferentinspace.It’saluxury7.(eat)freshfoodandwemustdrinkwateroranyotherliquidsoutofabagthroughathintubeofplastic.Atthesametime，spendingsometimeinthegymisofvital8.(important)toourhealth.Wehavetobetiedontospeciallydesignedexercise equipmenttostopourselvesfromfloatingaround.Whatwelikemost9.(be)tositbackwiththerestofthecrewandwatchtheplanetgoby，takingpicturesforourfamilyandfriendsbackhome.Toourdelight，wegettoseethesunriseevery9010.(minute)．Inconclusion，allthechallengesoflifeinspaceseemworthit.题组C培优拔尖练阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheBestBookstoGiveasGraduationGiftsAnyrecentgraduatewillenjoyreadingthroughthesebooksthatmakeexcellentgraduationgifts.ThisIsWaterbyDavidFosterWallacePerfectfor：Allgrads.Here’swhy：DavidFosterWallaceonlydeliveredonegraduationaddressinhiscareer，andhismessagewassolastingthattheentirespeechwaspublishedinhardcover.What’suniqueaboutWallace’swords：Thoughhewarnsgraduatesoftheordinarinessofdaytodayadultlife，heremindsthemthattheirnewlyacquiredskillscanhelpthemmaintainawarenessandsympathyastheymoveforwardforsuccess.BouncebyMatthewSyedPerfectfor：Bothartistsandathletes.Here’swhy：Inthisoptimisticguidetosuccess，theUnitedKingdomtabletennischampionSyedcombinesdetailedresearchwithhisownexperiencestobackhandthegeneralperceptionthattalentismerelybasedongenetics(基因)．Instudyingtheachievementsofgreatartists，composers，andathletes，Syedfindstheyhaveonethingincommon：hours，andhours，andhoursofpractice—about10,000hourseach.LeaveYourMarkbyAlizaLichtPerfectfor：Theambitiousrecentgradtryingtofigureouthowtomakeit.Here’swhy：Thisisnotjustacareeradvicebook，butawholeinstructorinnovelform.Famousfashioncommunicationsexecutive(总监)AlizaLichtshareshersecretsforsuccessfulpersonalbranding(品牌)andhowtodowellassomeonejuststartingtheircareer.It’sjustlikemeetingsomeoneforcoffeeandcareeradvicebutinwrittenform.　RisingStrongbyBrenéBrownPerfectfor：Peoplelookingforwaystohandlerejectionbetter.Here’swhy：Rejectionispartoflife，butittakestimetolearnhowtohandleit.Inthisadvicefilledbook，BrenéBrownteachesreadershowtomakethemostoutofrejectionsandfailuresthatunavoidablyhappen.Readingitwillmakeyouviewrejectionemailsinanewlight.1．WhatmessageisconveyedinthebookThisIsWater?A．Treasureeverycriticalmomentinlife.B．Learntoexpandthecomfortzone.C．Keepmasteringvariousskills.D．Digintorecipesforsuccess. 2．WhatcanwelearnfromthebookBounce?A．Constantdroppingwearsthestone.B．Hopeforthebest，preparefortheworst.C．Athousandmilejourneybeginswithasinglestep.D．Successishowhighyoubouncewhenyouhitbottom.3．Whosebookistargetedatanunsuccessfuljobseeker?A．DavidFosterWallace.B．MatthewSyed.C．AlizaLicht.D．BrenéBrown.BByday，RobertTittermanisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician，butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittermanischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot，”MrTittermanexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns，includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey，andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances，therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage，butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand，”MrTittermansaid.“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorupandcomingconcertpianists，althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner，”shelaughed.“He’sabsorbedinthemusic，feelingeverynote，andIhavetosay：‘Turn，turn！’RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”4．WhatshouldTittermanbeabletodotobeapageturner?A．Readmusic.B．Playthepiano.C．Singsongs.D．Fixtheinstruments.5．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterman’sjobonstage?A．Boring.B．Wellpaid.C．Demanding.D．Dangerous.6．WhatdoesTittermanneedtopractise? A．Countingthepages.B．Recognizingthe“nodding”．C．Catchingfallingobjects.D．Performinginhisownstyle.7．WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband“theworstpageturner”？A．Hehasverypooreyesight.B．Heignorestheaudience.C．Hehasnointerestinmusic.D．Heforgetstodohisjob.CAnewstudysuggeststhatdarkmarkingsontheplanetMarsrepresentsand—notwater.Theresearchin2015suggestedthatlinesonsomeMartianhillswereevidenceofwater.YetAmericanscientistsnowsaytheselinesappearmorelikedry，flowsofsand.Ifwaterispresent，itislikelytobeasmallamount.Waterinliquidformswouldbenecessaryformicrobial(微生物的)life.NASA，theAmericanspaceagency，saidmoreresearchisneeded.MichaelMeyeristheleadscientistforNASA’sMars’explorationprogramme.Henotedthatthelateststudydoesnotrejectthepresenceofwater.Butheadmitted，“Itjustmaynotbeasexcitingastheideaofriversgoingdownthesidesofcliffs(悬崖)．”ThenewfindingscomefromateamledbyColinDundasoftheUnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey.Histeammeasured151oftheselinesin10areas.Mostofthelinesendwithslopesbetween28degreesand35degrees.Thesemeasurementsaresimilartoactivesanddunes(沙丘)onbothMarsandEarth.Asmallcoveringofdustthatmovesandsometimesbecomeslightermighthelpexplainthemarkings.TheyusuallyappearintheMartiansummertime，andthendisappearuntilthenextyear.Iftheselinesaredry，thissuggeststhatrecentMarshasnothadlargevolumesofliquidwater.Dundasandhisresearchteamsaythatmanyquestionsremain.“IstillthinkthatMarshasagreatpotentialforhavinghadlifeearlyoninitshistory，”Meyersaid.“Aslongasthat’strue，wealsohaveareasonablepossibilityoflifestillbeingonMars.Itjusthappenstobecrypticorwellhidden.”NASAcurrentlyhasnoroboticvehicle—eitheronMarsorindevelopment—withtheabilitytoclimbsteepslopes.ThelackofsuchequipmenthasengineerscomingupwithideaslikeMartianhelicoptersorplaneswithoutpilots.8．WhatdoAmericanscientistsfindonMarsnowaccordingtotheirstudy?A．Alotoflittlelife.B．Anamountofwater.C．SomeMartianhills.D．Darkmarkingsaresand. 9．Whendothemarkingscomeout?A．InMartianspring.B．InMartiansummer.C．InMartianautumn.D．InMartianwinter.10．What’sMeyer’sopinionabouthavinglifeonMars?A．Doubtful.B．Trustful.C．Indifferent.D．Objective.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cryptic”inParagraph4mean?A．Undiscovered.B．Strange.C．Magical.D．Icy.第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It’stimetostoptalkingandgetwalking.Asapopularand1.(grow)formatofthegame，WalkingFootballisaimedatencouragingolderadultstoplayfootballagainonaregularbasis.Assimpleasthenamesuggests，WalkingFootballis2.(definite)justplayingfootballatwalkingpace.Butdon’tletthatfoolyou.Itcarriesalltheemotion，passionandexcitementofaregulargameandstill3.(require)skillssuchasaccuratepassing，goodpositionalplayandstrongtacticalknowledge.Thegameissmallsided,4.norunningonorofftheball，verylittlecontactandkickinsinsteadofthrowins.Withlessstressonthebodyandnorealsuddenchangeofdirectionorcuttingmovements，thegameallowsevery5.(participate)toplaywithoutanxiety.Ithasbecomeincreasinglypopularandisdesignedtohelppeoplekeep6.activelifestyle，aswellastosupportgettingpeoplewhohavestoppedplayingduetoage7.injurybacktofootball.SinceMiddlesexFAlaunchedWalkingFootballin2014，we8.(have)over300playerstakingpartinthesportandnowrunover80sessionsona9.(month)basis.Readytoplay？10.(find)yournearestsessionusingthemapbelow.