2024年新高考英语最新名校联考试题分类汇编13 阅读理解之说明文（原卷版）（天津专用）.docx

《2024年新高考英语最新名校联考试题分类汇编13 阅读理解之说明文（原卷版）（天津专用）.docx》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

专题13阅读理解之说明文基础版（1）（2023秋·天津武清·高三天津市武清区杨村第一中学校考开学考试）Thisfall,studentsattheUniversityofMassachusettsfoundanewmenuattheirdiningcommons:the“dietforacoolerplanet”menu.Thismeantherb-roastedlamb,raisedwithacarbon-friendlyapproach.Itincludedsweetpotatoesthathadbeenpickedfromalocalfarm’sfieldpost-harvest.Theoptionswereplant-heavy,locallygrown,andinvolvedlittletonopackaging.“Wewantedtoletstudentsparticipateinclimateactionbymakingchoicesabouttheirfood,”saysKathyWicks,sustainabilitydirectorforUMassDining.Theuniversityisnotaloneinthiseffort.Increasingly,Americanconsumersandinstitutionsarethinkingabouthowtheirfoodchoicesfactorintoclimatechange.Formany,smallchoicesatthegrocerystore,dininghall,andrestaurantcanfeelmoreaccessiblethanbig-ticketoptionslikebuyingafuel-efficientcarorinstallinghomesolarpanels.Smallchangesindietaryhabitsmaymakeabigdifference.Climateactivistsoftentargetfossilfuelsandtransportationsystems,butstudiespointtothefoodsystemasasignificantcontributortoglobalwarming.AccordingtoProjectDrawdown,aresearchorganizationthatevaluatesclimatesolutions,thewayfoodisgrown,transported,andconsumedaccountsforaboutaquarteroftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions.Beefisaregulartarget.“If,onaverage,Americanscutaquarterpoundofbeefperweekfromtheirdiet,it’sliketaking10millioncarsofftheroadayear,”saysSujathaBergen,directorofhealthcampaignsfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil.Foodwasteranksthirdamongclimatesolutions.Whilemuchwasteoccursbeforeconsumersareinvolved—foodleftonthefieldor“chucked”becauseitdoesnotfitappearancestandards,Americansalsothrowoutalotoffoodtheyhavepurchased:about$1,600worthayearperfamilyoffour.“Peoplearebeginningtounderstandthattheirfoodchoicesmakeabigimpactonclimate,”saysMeganLarmer,directorofregionalfoodattheGlynwoodCenterforRegionalFoodandFarminginNewYork.But,shecautionssubstantialchangewillneedtocomefromthewholefoodsystem.1．WhatisthepurposeofthenewmenuattheUniversityofMassachusetts?A．Tomarketthecolddishes.B．Toreducethecostofpackaging.C．Topopularizetheplant-heavydiet.D．Topromotelowcarbonawareness.2．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A．Foodisadecisivefactorforclimatechange.B．Foodchoicesmattermuchtoglobalwarming.C．Universitiesareworkingtogetherinclimateaction.D．Fuel-efficientcarsarenotaffordableforconsumers.3．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?A．Fossilfuelsarecontributorstoglobalwarming.B．Globalwarmingaredirectlycorrelatedwithtransportation.C．Dietaryhabitscanhaveagreatinfluenceonclimatechange.D．Dietaryhabitshavenoeffectonglobalwarming.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4．WhatdoesSujathaBergensayaboutbeef?A．Ithasgreatinfluenceoncarbonreduction.B．Itispopularamongmillionsofcardrivers.C．Ithasacloserelationshipwithgasemission.D．ItplaysasignificantroleinAmerican’sdiet.5．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．FoodSystemReform:ASuccessfulTrialB．GlobalWarming:AnApproachingDangerC．CarbonEmission:AKiller,orHealer?D．LowCarbonDiet:ACraze,orMore?（2）（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）Styrofoam,orpolystyrene,isalight-weightmaterial,about95percentair,withverygoodinsulation(隔热)properties,accordingtoEarthsource.org.Itisusedinproductsfromcupsthatkeepyourdrinkshotorcoldtopackagingmaterialthatprotectsitemsduringshipping.Withtheabovegoodfeatures,Styrofoamstillenjoysabadreputation.Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerouspollutionintotheair.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencysaysitisthefifth-largestcreatorofharmfulwaste.Butnowthecommonwormswhichareusuallydisgustingcancometotherescue,specifically,mealworms.ScientistsfromtheU.S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.Studyco-authorWei-MinWusaysthatin24hours,theplasticisturnedintocarbondioxide.SinceStyrofoamhasnonutritionatall,arethewormshurtbyeatingplastic?Muchtothescientists’surprise,thestudyfoundthatwormseatingStyrofoamwereashealthyaswormseatingbran(谷糠).Theresearcherswillstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem,lookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale.Oncethewaycanbeputintopractice,itwillmakearevolutionarydifferencetothedisposalofplastic.“Solvingtheissueofplasticpollutionisimportant”,saysWu,aStanfordUniversityenvironmentalengineeringinstructor.Afterall,ourearthissmallandlandfillspaceisbecominglimitedwithtoomuchgarbagewaitingtobedealtwith,hesays.About33-milliontonsofplasticarethrownawayintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Plasticplates,cupsandcontainerstakeup25percentto30percentofspaceinAmerica’slandfills.OneStyrofoamcuptakesmorethan1millionyearstorecycleinalandfill,accordingtoClevelandStateUniversity.6．WhatdoweknowaboutStyrofoam?A．Itcanbeusedtocooldrinks.B．Itisaweightlessmaterial.C．Itisharmfulwhenrecycled.D．Itisusuallyusedonships.7．Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?A．Mealwormshaveamazingdigestingpower.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B．Mealwormsarenotbadintheirnature.C．Mealwormscanrescuepeople’slives.D．Peoplemisunderstoodmealwormsinthepast.8．Whywillresearchersstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem?A．Tofindwaystohelpmealwormsgrowlarger.B．Toimitatetheirwaysofbreakingdownplastic.C．Tohelpdeveloptheirdigestingability.D．Tomakesureoftheirsafetyaftereatingplastic.9．Inthefuture,plasticmayberecycled______.A．byraisingamountsofmealwormsB．byenvironmentalengineeringinstructorsC．usingamethodinspiredbyeatingmealwormsD．withoutsendingoutdangerouspollution10．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Styrofoamiswidelyusedindailylife.B．Mealwormsaregeniusateatingplastic.C．Plasticrecyclingmaybenomoreaproblem.D．Plasticcanbeturnedintocarbondioxide.（3）（2023·天津河西·统考三模）Pandasarenotonlyanationaltreasure,butarelovedaroundtheworld.Recently,agiantpandacubborninAprilattheSmithsonian’sNationalZoo,US,wasgiventhenameXiaoQiJi,whichistranslatedintoEnglishas“littlemiracle”.Thechoicewastheresultofafive-dayonlinevotethatdrewnearly135,000votersintheUS.Interestingly,NationalPublicRadiosaidthatinanodtoChinesetradition,thenamewasnotchosenuntil100daysafterthebirth.Thiscub’sbirthprovedtobequiteinspiring,andatatimewheninspirationwastrulyneeded.“XiaoQiJi’sbirthisatruemiraclethathasbeensoupliftingtoallofusduringthepandemic,”ChineseAmbassadortotheUSCuiTiankaisaidinavideocongratulatorymessage.“Weareconnectedagaininthegrowthofourlittleambassador,andinoursharedjoyandfriendship.”Thefurryblack-and-whiteanimalshaveplayedanimportantroleinthecountry’sdiplomacy,knownas“pandadiplomacy”.AccordingtotheJapaneseRoyalAnnual,thepracticedatesbacktotheTangDynasty,whenEmpressWuZetiansentapairofpandastotheJapaneseemperor.Chinarevivedpandadiplomacyinthe1950swhenChinasenttwopandastotheMoscowZoo.By1982,Chinahadgiven23pandastoninedifferentcountries.However,mostofthemhavedied.Chinastoppedgivingawaypandasintheearly1980s.Instead,theanimalsareloanedtoothercountries.Ingeneral,theyaretobereturnedtoChinaafter10years.Butwhydothesecute“diplomats”findithardtosurviveinothercountries?AccordingtoXinhua,their学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 dietaryhabitisonesignificantreason.Theirnutritionmostlycomesfrombambooshoots.Adultgiantpandasconsumeabout40kilogramsofbamboodaily.Pandascanalsobequitepicky.Theyrefusetoeatbambooshootsaftertheyhaveblossomed.Ittakestenyearsforanewcropofbambootomature,andmanycountriesdonothaveanenvironmentsuitableforbamboogrowth.Thismeansthatfoodhastobeimported.InMarch,CalgaryZooinCanadaannouncedthatduetopandemic-relatedchangesinitsimportlawsandquarantinemethods,theycouldn’tprovideenoughfreshbambooforpandas.ThismeantthattheyhadtosendtwogiantpandasbacktoChina.Butcountriesarestilltryingtheirbesttofacilitatethisspecialtypeofdiplomacy,“Wedon’townthepandas,butthewholeworldwantstohelpsavethepanda,andwedothatthroughourknowledgeexchange.”StevenMonfort,directoroftheSmithsonian’sNationalZoo,toldChinaDaily.11．Theexpression“inanodto”inPara.2isclosestinmeaningto______.A．inpraiseforB．inresponsetoC．infavorofD．inordertoobserve12．WhydidChinadecidethatpandasareonlyloanedtoothercountries?A．Becausethepandas’dietaryhabitwassignificantlychangedabroad.B．Becausethepandascouldn’thavebambootocatinothercountries.C．Becausemostofthepandascouldnotbeadaptedtotheclimateabroad.D．Becausemostofthepandassenttoothercountriescouldn’tsurvive.13．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．ItwasthefirsttimethatChinahadsentapandatoJapan.B．Thepractice“pandadiplomacy”datesfromtheTangDynasty.C．Chinabeganpandadiplomacy,sendingtwopandastoMoscowZoo.D．TwogiantpandashadtobereturnedbecausetheyweresickinCanada.14．WhatStevenMonfort’sattitudetowardsthespecialtypeofdiplomacy?A．Favorable.B．Uncaring.C．Disapproving.D．Doubtful.15．Whichisrightaccordingtothetext?A．Itusuallytakesaboutfifteenyearsforacropofbambootomature.B．Thewholeworldistryingtheirbesttohelpsavethegiantpanda.C．Peopleignorethepandadiplomacyonpurpose.D．ThenameLittleMiraclewasfinallychosenafteraheateddiscussioninChina.16．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Totellushowtofeedpandasproperly.B．Tocallonpeopletodonatetoprotectpandasintheworld.C．Tointroducethefurryblackandwhiteambassador.D．Toexplainwhy“pandadiplomacy”isstopped.（4）学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （2023·天津北辰·统考模拟预测）Readingisacomplexandcrucialskillthatimpactstheyouth’sabilitytoperformasstudents.Therefore,it’simportanttodevelopreadingskillsduringchildhood.Ateamofresearchersfocusedontheeffectofwhole-bodylearningininstruction,knownasembodiedlearning.Theresearchincluded149children,aged5to6,whohadjuststartedschool.Theyweredividedintothreegroups:onethatstoodupandusedtheirwholebodiestoshapelettersounds;aseatedgroupthatshapedlettersoundswiththeirhandsandarms;andacontrolgroupthatreceivedtraditional,seatedinstructionduringwhichtheywrotelettersbyhand.“Ourresearchshowedthatchildrenwhousedtheirwholebodiestoshapethesoundsoflettersbecametwiceasproficientatlettersoundsthataremoredifficulttolearnasthosewhoreceivedtraditionalinstruction”saysPhDstudentLinnDamsgaardofUCPH’sDepartmentofNutrition,ExerciseandSports.Withregardtodifficultlettersounds,sheadds,“TherearemanydifficultlettersoundsinDanish.Thesesoundsareparticularlyimportantbecauseoncechildrenbecomeskilledatthem,theywillbebetterreaders.AssociateprofessorJacobWienecke,wholedthestudy,explains,theprimarygoalistolearnmoreaboutwhichmethodscanbeusedtogivebeginnerreadersagoodstart.Theideaisthatif,throughplayandmovement,wecanlearnwheretheirstrengthstrulylie,we’llcreateaformoflearningthatcombinesreadingwithplay,andthat’strulypositive.”Previously,theresearchersshowedthatthechildrenfeltmoremotivatedbyteachingmethodswhichincludedphysicalmovement.JacobWieneckehopesthiswillprovideanopportunitytoinspireteachersandschoolmanagerstoprioritizemovementacrosssubjects.Thestudyalsoinvestigatedwhetheradirecteffectofembodiedlearningcouldbefoundonchildren’sreadingofwords.Thiswasnotpossible,whichmightbeduetothefactthatthechildrenwereatsuchanearlystageoftheirliteracydevelopmentthattheycouldnotyetusetheirknowledgeoflettersoundstoreadwords.17．Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?A．TopickoutdifficultlettersoundsinDanish.B．Tolearnnewlettersthroughrepeatedwriting.C．Tolearnlettersoundsusingdifferentapproaches.D．Tomemorizesomelettersoundsassoonaspossible.18．Howcanembodiedlearninggetchildrenactivelyinvolved?A．Bycombininglearningwithgames.B．Byofferingthemchancestocooperate.C．Byinspiringthemtoovercomedifficulties.D．Byexplaininginstructionstothempatiently.19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proficient”inParagraph3probablymean?A．terrible.B．skilled.C．delighted.D．fascinated.20．WhatdoesJacobexpectoftheresearchfinding?A．Encouragingeducatorstoapplyittoteaching.B．Enablingresearcherstocarryoutfurtherstudies.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C．Urgingschoolstopayattentiontophysicalexercise.D．Promotingharmoniousteacher-studentrelationships.21．Whatdoesthelastparagraphintendtotellus?A．Childrenpreferlearningstepbystep.B．Childrenaretoolittletousetheirknowledgesmartly.C．Childrenlackenoughpracticetogetfullyimproved.D．Children’slearningstillreliesonadults’instruction.（5）（2023·天津滨海新·统考三模）TikTokissettinga60-minutedailyscreentimelimitforuserswhoareagedunder18.Thevideoapp,whichisownedbyChinesefirmByteDance,saiditisintroducingthefeaturetoencourageteenstomanagetheirscreentime.TikTokaddedthatthenewlimitcomesafteritbroughtinaprompt(提示符)lastyear,whichhelpedincreasetheuseoftheirscreentimetoolsby234%.Hittingthelimit,usersaffectedwillreceiveanewpasscodeonthescreenintheirapptounlockextratime.Anyonewhorejectsthenew60-minuterestrictionandgoesontousetheappfor100minutesadaywillreceiveawarningfromTikToktosettheirownscreentimecontrols.ParentsofchildrenusingtheFamilyPairingoptionontheappwillalsobeabletosetscreentimelimits,aswellasaccessadashboard(控制面板)whichwouldgiveabreakdownofappusage.CormacKeenan,headoftrustandsafetyatTikTok,saidthecompanyhadworkedwithresearchersindevelopingthenewlimits.“Sincethere’snoagreementonthe‘right’amountofscreentime,weconsultedthecurrentacademicresearchandexpertsfromtheDigitalWellnessLabatBostonChildren’sHospitalinchoosingthislimit,”hesaid.Criticsofthevideoappwelcomedthescreentimelimit,butdescribeditasthe“tipoftheiceberg”whenitcomestoTikTok’sresponsetoyoungusers’exposuretotheplatform.“TikTokhaswontheracefortheheartsandmindsof14to24-year-oldsintheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom,”saidImranAhmed,chiefexecutiveoftheCenterforCounteringDigitalHate.“Itistheonethatneedstobedealtwithmosturgently.”MrAhmedsaidhiscentre’sresearchattheendoflastyearfoundthatwithinminutesofopeningaTikTokaccount,a13-year-oldgirluserwasreceivingeatingdisorderandself-harmcontentinherfeed.Hecalledontheplatformtofocusitseffortsnotjustonlimitingscreentime,butalsoto“cleanup”feedsofharmfulcontenttomakeita“safeenvironmentforchildren”.22．Inthefirstparagraph,TikTokisintroducingthenewscreentimelimitto________.A．encouragein-personinteractionsB．increasetheuseoftheplatformC．helpteensstayincontroloftheiruseD．avoidcriticismfromconcernedparents23．Whatwillhappenwhenusersunder18reachtheirscreentimelimit?A．Theirparentswillsendthemawarningmessage.B．Theywillbelockedoutoftheiraccountfortheday.C．Theymustenterapasscodetocontinueusingtheapp.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D．Theirparentsmustaccessadashboardtoactivatetheapp.24．HowdidTikTokdevelopthenewlimits?A．Byseekingexpertadvice.B．Byconsultingthegovernment.C．Bylaunchingasurveyamongitsusers.D．Bycopyingothersocialmediaplatforms.25．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?A．AninsufficientactiontokeepteenssafeonTikTok.B．Annoticeablepartofnetworksecurityproblems.C．AnurgentissuewaitingforTikToktodealwith.D．AnoverrelianceonTikTokamongteens.26．Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．TikTokexposesyounguserstomentaldisorderB．TikTokisdangerouslyaddictivetoteensC．TikTokappealstoyoungusersworldwideD．TikTokispopularbutnotsafeenoughforteens（6）（2023·天津·耀华中学校考一模）Thecurbcut(下斜路缘).It’saconveniencethatmostofusrarely,ifever,notice.Yet,withoutit,dailylifemightbealotharder—inmorewaysthanone.Pushingababystrollerontothecurb,skateboardingontoasidewalkortakingafullgrocerycartfromthesidewalktoyourcar—allthesetasksareeasierbecauseofthecurbcut.Butitwascreatedwithadifferentpurposeinmind.It’shardtoimaginetoday,butbackinthe1970s,mostsidewalksintheUnitedStatesendedwithasharpdrop-off.Thatwasabigdealforpeopleinwheelchairsbecausetherewerenoramps(斜坡)tohelpthemmovealongcityblockswithoutassistance.Accordingtoonedisabilityrightsleader,asix-inchcurb“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”.So,activistsfromBerkeley,California,whoalsoneededwheelchairs,organizedacampaigntocreatetinyrampsatintersectionstohelppeopledependentonwheelsmoveupanddowncurbsindependently.Ithinkaboutthe“curbcuteffect”alotwhenworkingonissuesaroundhealthequity(公平).ThefirsttimeIevenheardaboutthecurbcutwasina2017StanfordSocialInnovationReviewpiecebyPolicyLinkCEOAngelaBlackwell.Blackwellrightlynotedthatmanypeopleseeequityas“azero-sumgame(零和游戏)”andthatit’scommonlybelievedthereisa“prejudicedsocietalsuspicionthatintentionallysupportingonegrouphurtsanother.”Whatthecurbcuteffectshowsthough,Blackwellsaid,isthat“whensocietycreatesthecircumstancesthatallowthosewhohavebeenleftbehindtoparticipateandcontributefully,everyonewins.”Therearemultipleexamplesofthisprincipleatwork.Forexample,investinginpoliciesthatcreatemoreliving-wagejobsorincreasetheavailabilityofaffordablehousingcertainlybenefitspeopleincommunitiesthathavelimitedoptions.But,theactionalsoempowersthosepeoplewithopportunitiesforbetterhealthandthemeanstobecomecontributingmembersofsociety—andthatbenefitseveryone.Eventhefootballhuddle(密商)wasinitiallycreatedtohelpdeaffootballplayersatGallaudetCollegekeeptheirgameplanssecretfromopponentswhocouldhavereadtheirsignlanguage.Today,it’susedbyeveryteamtopreventtheopponentfromlearningaboutgame-winningstrategies.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 So,nexttimeyoucrossthestreet,orrollyoursuitcasethroughacrosswalkorrideyourbikedirectlyontoasidewalk—thinkabouthowmuchthecurbcut,thatchangeindesignthatbrokedownwallsofexclusionforonegroupofpeopleatadisadvantage,hashelpednotjustthatgroup,butallofus.27．Whatwasthecurbcutdesignedforatfirst?A．Ridingaskateboardontoasidewalkquickly.B．Pushingababystrollerontothecurbsindependently.C．Makingiteasyforwheelchairstomoveupanddowncurbs.D．Takingafullgrocerycartfromthesidewalktoacustomer’scar.28．By“mightaswellhavebeenMountEverest”(paragraph3),thedisabilityrightsleaderimpliesthatasix-inchcurbmaybecome.A．anunforgettablesymbolB．animpassablebarrierC．animportantsignD．animpressivelandmark29．AccordingtoAngelaBlackwell,manypeoplebelievethat.A．it’snotworthwhiletopromotehealthequityB．it’snecessarytogoallouttohelpthedisabledC．it’simpossibletohaveeveryonetreatedequallyD．it’sfairtogivethedisadvantagedmorehelpthanothers30．Whichofthefollowingexamplesbestillustratesthe“curbcuteffect”principle?A．Spaceflightdesignsareappliedtolifeonearth.B．FourgreatinventionsofChinaspreadtothewest.C．ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredthenewworld.D．Classicliteraturegottranslatedintomanylanguages.31．Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A．Caringfordisadvantagedgroupsmayfinallybenefitall.B．Actionempowersthosewithopportunitiesforbettersolutions.C．Societyshouldcreatecircumstancesthatgeteveryoneinvolved.D．Everydayitemsareoriginallyinventedforpeopleinneedofhelp.（7）（2023·天津河北·统考二模）Somelibrariesuseuniquearchitecturetoencouragevisitorstosettledownwithanewbook,orusemobilelibrariestobringbookstohard-to-reachpopulations.Nomatterhowtheyachieveit,thesenovellibrariesarekeepingthemagicofreadingalive.BeachLibrary(Albena,Bulgaria)Readingabookonthebeachisaclassic,andinBulgaria,onelibraryencouragestouriststodojustthat.Thewhite,weather-resistantshelves,linedupnotfarfromthesurf,hold6,000booksin15languagessoeveryvisitorcanfindtheperfectbeachreadtoenjoywhilesoakingupthesun’srays.TheCamelLibraryService(NorthEasternProvince,Kenya)学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Tocombat(防止，减轻)lowliteracyratesinthedesertofKenya,thegovernmentcreatedamobilelibrarycomposedofninecamelsbringingbookstovillages.Thelibrarytravelsfourdaysaweekservingtheregion’speople.Currentlytheservicefocusesonchildren,butwithmorefundingtheyplantoincreasetheirreachbothindistanceandthetitlestheycarry.BishanLibrary(Singapore)Builtin2006,thislibraryismeanttoinvoke(在脑海中唤起)amodernglasstreehouse.Glasspods(吊舱)ofvaryingcolorsstickoutofthebuildingrandomlytocreatecomfortableyetairycornersforreadingthroughoutthebuilding.Atthesametime,amoreopen-planchildren’sroomonthebasementlevelinvitesinteractionwhilepreventingnoisefromgoingupanddisturbingthoseconcentratinginthehighplacesabove.SeikeiUniversityLibrary(Tokyo,Japan)Librariesareusuallyknownfortheirquietatmosphere,butthisoneencouragesconversation.PritzkerPrize-winnerShigeruBandesignedthelibrarywithspace-age,freestandingsoundproofedpodstorespectthosewhoneeduninterruptedstudy,whilealsobeingconducive(有助于)toothermethodsoflearning.MacquarieUniversityLibrary(Sydney,Australia)Asurprisingcombinationofthecuttingedgeandsustainability,thisbuildingwasmadefromrecycledmaterials,featuresagreenroof,andwasdesignedtoimitatethelookofaeucalyptustree(桉树).Itisalsostateoftheart,usingrobotcranestobringrequestedbookstothefrontdesk.32．IntheBeachLibrary,visitorscan________.A．enjoysurfingandbuysouvenirsB．findawidevarietyofbeachreadsC．lieinthetreehouseandreadcomfortablyD．readinafree-standingsoundproofedpod33．WhatcanweknowabouttheCamelLibraryService?A．Itsellsbookstopeopleinthedesert.B．ItincreasesliteracyratesinthedesertofKenya.C．Itprovidestransportationforpeopleinthedesert.D．Itfocusesonincreasingaccesstobooksforadults.34．WhatisspecialaboutBishanLibrary?A．Itisalibrarywithoutanynoise.B．Itschildren’sreadingareaisatthetop.C．Ithasaseparatereadingareaforchildren.D．Itgivesvisitorsafeelingofbeinginnature.35．Whichlibraryisaperfectspotforstudygroupsandlivelydiscussions?A．BeachLibrary.B．BishanLibrary.C．SeikeiUniversityLibrary.D．MacquarieUniversityLibrary.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 36．WhatdoBishanLibraryandMacquarieUniversityLibraryhaveincommon?A．Theyarebothmadeofglass.B．Theirdesignsarebothrelatedtotrees.C．Theyarebothenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Theybothusehightechnologytoservereaders.（8）（2023·天津·天津市新华中学校考模拟预测）Somehearinglossisacommon—andnearlyunavoidable—effectofaging.Athirdofpeopleaged60andolderhavelostsomeoftheirabilitytohear.Butsomeresearchsuggestsahabitthatmighthelpoffsettheeffectofagingonhearing.Astudyfoundthatamongmiddle-agedadults,beingalifelongmusicianwasconnectedwithbetterhearinglaterinlife.“Theinstrumentyouplaydoesnotseemtobeimportanthere,”saysNinaKraus,abiologist.“Itisreallytheactofengagementplayingtheinstrumentthatmatters.”Participantsinthestudywerebetweenages45and65.Researcherstested18musicianswhohadbeenplayinganinstrumentsinceagenineoryounger,and19non-musicianswhohadlessthanthreeyearsofmusictraining.Themusicianshadstatisticallybetterauditorymemoryscoresandtestedbetterathearingspeechinnoisyenvironments.Theyalsoshowedbetterauditoryprocessingabilities,whichrelatetohowpeopleinterpretspeechsounds.However,thetwogroupstiedwhenresearcherstestedvisualworkingmemoryskills.“Itisn’tasthoughmusicaltraininghasavolumeknobeffectthatmakesallkindsofsensoryprocessingenhancedinthesamemanner,”Kraussays.“Itfocusesonauditoryskill.”ThelatestfindingsfollowearlierresearchfromKrausthatshowedmusicianinayoungeragegrouphadbetterhearingskills.Atthesametime,someresearchhasshownthatmusicianswhoplayinlargeensembles(合奏)mayfaceanoccupationalriskwhenitcomestotheirhearing.Doesthiseffectapplytotheguywhoplaysinacommunitybandonenightaweek?Kraussaysno.Tobeincludedinthestudy,musicianswererequiredtohaveengagedinmusicalactivities-practicing,teachingorperforming-atleastthreetimesaweek.“Whatwedowithourtimeandhowweengageoursensesandourthinkingseemstoreallyshapethepeoplewebecomeinverybasicways—inwaysthataffecthowourserieswork,”shesays.And,Kraussays,apersondoesn’tneedtobeanItzhakPerlmanoraYo-YoMatoexperiencetheeffects.Talent,shesays,isn’tafactor.Kraussaysthatmoreresearchneedstobedonetoseewhetherreceivingmusicinstructionlaterinlifemighthavethesamebenefits.37．Yourhearingwillbeimprovedby________.A．whatkindofinstrumentyouplayB．whatsortofmusicyouplayC．whetheryouinvolveyourselfwithplayingtheinstrumentD．howlongyouhavelearnedmusicplaying学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 38．Amusicianisnotbetterthanothersin________.A．gettingbetterauditorymemoryscoredB．hearingspeechinnoisyenvironmentsC．interpretingspeechsoundsD．processingvisualworkmemory39．Theunderlinedphrase“anoccupationalrisk”mayreferto________.A．thedangerofhearinglossB．thepossibilityoflosingajobC．thetroubleofplayingmusicD．theharmofhearingskills40．ItcanbeinferredPerlmanandYo-YoMaarethenamesof________.A．instrumentsB．musiciansC．songsD．music41．Themainideaofthetextisabout________.A．enjoyingmusicwilldogoodtoyourhealthB．learningmusicmaypromoteyourhearingskillsC．playinganinstrumentmayhelppreservehearingD．listeningtomusiccanpreventyoufromaging（9）（2023秋·天津·高三天津市咸水沽第一中学校考期末）Whenwehurtsomeone,wemaybeunwillingtoacknowledgeourfaultandmakeanapologybecauseitmakesusfeelguilty,conflictswithourbeliefsaboutbeingagoodperson,ormeansacceptingthatwe’reimperfecthumanbeings.Wemaywanttoexcuseourbehaviorandblametheotherperson,minimizingourroleinhurtinghimorher.Researcherscarriedoutastudytofindouthowwecanbebetteratapologizing.Inthestudy,researchersasked120collegestudentstorecallatimewhenthey’dhurtsomeoneelseandtheconflictremainedunresolved.Then,participantswererandomlyassignedtoeithera15-minuteguidedmindfulnessexercisefocusingontheirbreathandhavingpeoplethinkinthepresentmomentoraguidedmind-wanderingexercise,wheretheywereencouragedtolettheirmindswander.Afterward,theywereaskedtoreporthowmuchtheyfeltlikeapologizingtothepersonversusnotapologizingorofferingexcusesfortheirbehavior.Then,theywereaskedtowriteanotetotheperson,withoutinstructionstoapologizeornot.Inanalyzingthenotes,theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhohadpracticedmindfulnessweremorelikelytowritestatementslike“I’msorry”or“Iapologize”intheirnotesthanthosewhohadmind-wandered.“Onewayinwhichwecanfosterapologiesisbyhavingpeoplethinkinthepresentmoment,”leadauthorSanaRizvisays.“Wecanteachindividualstobemindfuloftheirpresentstates,anditcanbedoneinabout15minutes.”Whymightthisbethecase?Rizviisn’tsure,astherehasbeenverylittleresearchonhowbeingmoremindfulmightaffectuswhenwehurtothers.Priorresearchhasfoundthatbeingmoremindfulhelpsvictimsof学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 wrongdoingtobemoreforgiving,anditseemstoimproverelationshipsgenerally.Mindfulnessmakesusfeellessdefensiveand,therefore,helpsusconsidertheimportanceoftheotherpersonintheconflictmore.It’sencouragingthatteachingsimplemindfulnesstechniques(likefocusedbreathing)couldincreaseapologies,especiallyinplacesthatareoftenfilledwithinterpersonalconflicts,likeworkplacesorotheroccasions.Itcouldhelpimproveinterpersonalinteractionsandrepairrelationshipshelpingpeoplemovemoreeasilyfromaplaceofconflicttounderstandingandforgiveness.42．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinParagraph1?A．Itisdifficultforustoapologize.B．Itishardtoputideasintoaction.C．Itisnormalforustomakemistakes.D．Itisuselesstoregretwhatwehavedone.43．Whatcanweknowabouttheparticipantsinthestudy?A．Theywerebadathandlingconflicts.B．Theywereencouragedtodiscusstheirtrouble.C．Theydidsomethinghurtfultoothersinthepast.D．Theyreceivedmindfulnesstrainingbeforethestudy.44．Whatconclusiondidtheresearchersdrawfromthestudy?A．Mind-wanderingtendedtoincreaseconflicts.B．Mindfulnesscouldhelppeopleapologizemore.C．Collegestudentsaremorelikelytobehaveresponsibly.D．Collegestudentsseemtohavebetteremotionalcontrol.45．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpracticingmindfulnessinworkplaces?A．Itischallengingtocarryout.B．Ittakestimetoproveitseffect.C．ItsolvesconflictsonceandforallD．Ithelpsachievebetterrelationships.46．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Necessityofapology.B．Benefitsofmindfulness.C．Apologyandmindfulness.D．Understandingandmindfulness.（10）（2023·天津和平·统考二模）Anewprojectaimstocreateacomputerreplica(复制品)ofanentirecity.Itwillallowexpertstoperformreal-timeresilience(适应力)testingtoseehowisinfrastructure(基础设施)willperforminthefaceofchallengessuchasclimatechangeandpopulationgrowth.Knownasthe“digitaltwin”,thetechnologyhasalreadybeenadoptedbyFormulaOneteamsandenginemakerslikeRollsRoyce,butitsusetothisdegreedidn’texist.ApartnershipbetweenNewcastleUniversityandNorthumbrianWaterwillrecreateNewcastlebasedondatafromacrossthecityandtestitsresilienceinpossibleemergencies.ProfessorChrisKilsbysaid,“Youcantrylotsofthingswiththetwininthecaseofacity.Ithinkofitasareplicathatyoucanplaywithanddounimaginablethingstoseewhatwouldhappen.Thechangescanbeseenimmediately—fromobservingwhatwouldhappeniftheriverTynerisesbyafewmeterstowhatthecitywouldlooklikeifthepopulationhasagedoveracertainperiodoftime.Itcouldalsobeusedtomodelhumanbehavior,forexample,determiningthemostlikelyroads学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 peoplewoulduseintheeventofafood.”NewcastleUniversityisworkingonadataplatformwithlotsofdynamicpartsliketraffic,water,population,etc.Muchofthedataiscomingfromtheuniversity’sUrbanObservatoryproject,whichhasmonitorsalloverthecitycheckingpollution,waterqualityandbiodiversity.In2012aneventknownlocallyasthe“Toonmonsoon”tookplace,withamonth’sworthofrainfallingintwohoursduringtheeveningrushhour,causing£8mworthofdamage.TheToonmonsooncausedabreakdowntothecitybecausewejustdidn’tdesignanythingforthatsortofevent.Therewasnoonetoblame.Thecityjustcouldn’tresisttheheavyrain.Thedigitaltwinwillallowthecitynotonlytoreactinrealtimetosuchstrangeweatherevents,butalsototestitsresilienceinendlesspotentialfutureemergencies.ChrisJones,researchanddevelopmentmanageratNorthumbrianWater,imaginedtheproject’s“amazingpossibilities”,sayingthatintimeitcouldbeappliedtoanycitywithaccessibledata.47．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“digitaltwin”fromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Itisnotnewtous.B．Itisacomputersystem.C．Itpredictsextremeweather.D．Ithasmetwithmanychallenges.48．WhatareProfessorChrisKilsby’swordsmainlyabout?A．Thedevelopmentofthedigitaltwin.B．People’stestofpossibleemergencies.C．Themanyfunctionsofthedigitaltwin.D．Thenumerouschangesintheenvironment.49．WhatwillNewcastleUniversitydointheprojectaccordingtothepassage?A．Offeringbigdataaboutthecity.B．Advocatingthenewtechnology.C．Makingupthelosscausedbyflood.D．Workingoutplansforfutureemergencies.50．Whyisthe“Toonmonsoon”mentionedhere?A．Todrawpeople’sattentiontotheterriblelossofthecity.B．Towarnpeopleofthepotentialharmofheavyrain.C．Toindicatethenewproject’ssignificance.D．Toshowthedigitaltwin’sweakness.51．WhatisChrisJones’attitudetowardsthe“digitaltwin”?A．Cautious.B．Opposed.C．Neutral.D．Supportive.提升版（11）（2023·天津河北·统考一模）Thegiantpandaismorethanjustacuteconservationanimalandabelovedmediadarling.Itisalso,accordingtonewresearch,theprotectorofdozensofotheruniqueChinesespecies.Thepandaitselfdoesn’tactuallydefendotherwildlife,butithelpstosaveitallthesamebyservingaswhat’sknownasan“umbrellaspecies”.Inotherwords,effortstopreservehabitatsforthegiantpandaalsoprotectmanyothermammals,birdsandamphibians(两栖动物)thatliveonlyalongsidepandas,inthesameareasandregions.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ConservationistshaveexpressedthisumbrellaspeciestheoryforyearsbutapaperpublishedrecentlyinBiologicalConservationprovesit.TheresearchfoundthatmostoftheforestanimalsinChinalivewithinthepanda’sgeographicrangeandthenaturereservessetasidetoprotectthem.Inbrief,mostofthisrangeoverlaps(与……重叠)withimportantconservationareasforotherlocalforestspecies.Pandasdoprotectalotalthoughafewspeciesfalloutsidetheumbrella.Theresearchfoundaboutonehundredkindsofanimalsarenotprotectedbythegiantpanda’scurrentreservation.Thepaperidentified10locationsthatmightbesuitableforneworimprovednaturereservestohelpexpandthatcoverage.Manyoftheseareas,locatedinSichuanProvince,whichisconsideredthestronghold(大本营)ofgiantpandasinthewild,areclosetoexistingreserves.Protectingthenewlyidentifiedlocations,however,won’tsaveallofChina’suniquewildlife.“PandasareagoodumbrellaspeciesforforestecosystemsinChinabutthat’snotenough,”saysco-authorBinbinLi.“InChinawehavemanyecosystems.Weneedmoreumbrellaspecies.”Forexample,shesaystigerscouldservethesameroleinthenorthernpartofthecountryandsnowleopardscouldbeanumbrellaforgrasslandspecies.“Thenewfindingsareimportant,”Pimm(theotherauthor)andLisay,“becausemanypeopledoubtwhetherChina’scommitmenttopreservinggiantpandahabitatsisdoingmuchgood.”Otherpeoplearoundtheworlddon’tevenrealizethatwildpandasstillliveintheirnativeforests.“AlotoftheresourcesinChinagotoreleasingcaptive(被关住的)pandasbackintothewild,”Lisays.“Thenewsdoesn’tcoverthat.”Shesaysthispaperhelpsdisplaywildpandasandalsoshowsthattheexpenseinpreservingthemismoneywellspent.Theresearchershopetheirpaperhelpstosetthetoneforfuturediscussionsnotonlyaboutumbrellaspeciesbutalsogiantpandasthemselves,alongwithallChina’swildlife.52．Giantpandasarecalledanumbrellaspeciesbecause________.A．theyneverfightforprotectedspeciesB．theyhelptakecareofotherbabyanimalsC．theirpreciousvaluerequiresbetterprotectionD．theprotectionforthemalsoextendstootherspecies53．Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A．Thenumberofnaturereservesmaybereduced.B．Thecoverageofnaturereservesmaybeexpanded.C．Thegiantpandalivesinimportantlocalconservationareas.D．ManynaturereservesinChinaarelocatedinSichuanProvince.54．WhatshouldpeopledotoprotectecosystemsaccordingtoBinbinLi?A．Createmorekindsofstrongspecies.B．Findmorekindsofumbrellaspecies.C．Focussolelyonpandas’conservation.D．Searchformuchbiggernaturereservations.55．PimmandLithinkthenewfindingsarehelpfulin________.A．showinghowwellpandasarelivingB．blamingthemediafortheirignoranceC．provingChina’seffortstoprotectpandasD．appealingtoorganizationstodonatemoney56．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．Theumbrellaspecieshaveagreatinfluenceontheecosystem.B．ResearchershavedonealottoprotectChina’slocalspecies.C．Giantpandaconservationalsoprotectsotheruniquespecies.D．Conservationistsexpressedanewumbrellaspeciestheory.（12）（2023·天津·校联考一模）Charityissimpleintheory:Aheartwarms,ahandreachesout.Inpractice,though,charitycanbecomeatroubledmixofmotivesandconsequences.Givingcanbedrivenbyguilt,duty,praise,orperhapsthehopethatgivingwillsomehowmakeupforpastcrueltyorignorance.Toolittlecharityisfarlessthanvaluable.Toomuchcancauseover-reliance,whichmakesthereceivercontinuouslyaskformore.Givingfromtheheartisgood.Butcriticshavelongworriedaboutmisdirectedcharitythatdoesmoreharmthangood.Inhis2012book,HarmfulCharity:HowChurchesandCharitiesHurtThoseTheyHelp(AndHowtoSolvetheProblem),RobertLupton,anexperiencedsocialworkerof40yearsofcommunityworkininner-cityAtlanta,arguesthatcharitymustnotdoforthepoorwhattheycandoforthemselves.Duetoemergenciessuchasnaturaldisasters,theafterwardfinancialaidisgreatlywelcome.Mr.Luptonadvocatesitshouldfocusonthedevelopmentofself-supporting.Thetaskcanbecarriedoutvia,forinstance,offeringmicro-loans,hiringlocalbuildersandsuppliers,andtryingtofoundself-supported,locallyownedandoperatedfactories.Whatseldomworks,heargues,areuntargetedhandoutsfromfar-offprovidersandthesuddenarrivalofinexperiencedvolunteer-touristshopingtoearnpersonalreputationbydiggingwellsormendingroofsthatlocalsareperfectlyabletotakecareofthemselves.Gettingcharityrightisn’teasy.ButfrommoneyraisingtotherisinginvolunteeringamongMillennials(千禧一代),fromtheincreasingworldwidewillingnesstogivetotheeffortsbycharityorganizationstobecomemoreeffectiveandfruitful,thereisstrongevidencethathumanbeings’abilityoftakingcareofothersisgrowingalongwiththeirabilitytohelpwithoutharming.Charitycanbeassimpleasholdingthedoorforastrangerandascomplexasaglobalcampaigntogetridofmalaria(疟疾).Charityworksbestwhenitreturnstheweaktostrength,andhelpsasmalltownshakenbyanearthquakegetbackonitsfeet.Asuccessfulcharityisonethateventuallyisnolongerneeded.57．Whatcanweknowaboutcharityinparagraph1?A．Charityissimpleinboththeoryandpractice.B．Somecharityprovidersarecruelorignorant.C．Thereismuchlesscharitythanneeded.D．Charitymayresultindependence.58．Whyhavecriticsworriedaboutmisdirectedcharity?A．Itmayhaveabadimpactonreceivers.B．Itmaycausehurttosocialworkers.C．Itcanbedrivenbyguiltandduty.D．Itmayhelplesstothepoor.59．Whatcanbeaproperwaytogivecharityintimeofnaturaldisasters?A．Hiringlocalworkers.B．Foundingadvancedfactories.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C．Buildinghousesforvictims.D．Givinguntargetedhandouts.60．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph4?A．It’seasytogivecharitywithoutharming.B．Millennialsenjoyearningpersonalreputation.C．Thereappearsabilitypromotioningivingcharity.D．Charityorganizationsarespreadingallovertheworld.61．Whatisthewritingpurposeofthetext?A．Toappealformorecharity.B．Toadvocategettingcharityright.C．Tointroducetheprocessofperformingcharity.D．Tocriticizeunjustmotivesandresultsforcharity.（13）（2023秋·天津·高三北京师范大学天津附属中学校考期末）Somepeoplecansitoutsideallsummerlongandnotsufferfrommosquitobites,whileothersturnintoanitchy(痒的)messdespitebathinginDEET(含驱蚊胺的沐浴露)andneverleavingthepurplelightofthebugzapper(灭蚊灯).It’smostlyabouttheinvisiblechemicallandscapeoftheairaroundus.Mosquitoestakeadvantageofthislandscapebyusingspecializedbehaviorsandsensoryorganstofindvictimsbyfollowingthetinychemicalmarkstheirbodiesleavebehind;specifically,mosquitoesrelyoncarbondioxidetofindtheirhosts.Whenwebreathe,thecarbondioxidefromourlungsdoesn’timmediatelymixwiththeair,buttemporarilystaysinplumes(团状气流)thatmosquitoesfollow.“Mosquitoesstartlocatingthemselvesinthosepulsesofcarbondioxideandkeepflyingupwindastheysensehigherconcentrationsthanthenormalatmospherecontains,”saidJoopvanLoon,ascientistwhostudiesinsects.Usingcarbondioxide,mosquitoescanlockontotargetsfromupto164feet(50meters)away.Thingsstartgettingpersonalwhenmosquitoesgetabout3feet(1meter)awayfromagroupofpotentialtargets.Atashortdistance,mosquitoestakeintoaccountalotoffactorsthatvaryfrompersontoperson,includingskintemperature,thepresenceofwatervapor(水蒸气)andcolor.Scientiststhinkthemostimportantfactormosquitoesrelyonwhenchoosingonepersonoveranotheristhechemicalcompounds(化合物)producedbythecoloniesofmicrobes(微生物菌落)thatliveonourskin.Thesechemicalsmellsarecomplex,includingupwardof300differentcompounds,andtheyvaryfrompersontopersonbasedongeneticvariationandenvironments.“Ifyoucompareafatheranddaughterinthesamehousehold,therecanbedifferencesintheratiosofthechemicalsthemicrobesaremaking,”saidJeffRiffell,anassociateprofessorofbiologywhohasstudiedmosquitoattraction.Forinstance,menwithagreaterdiversityofskinmicrobestendedtogetfewermosquitobitesthanmenwithlessdiverseskinmicrobesdid,astudyfound.Tinydifferencesintheelementsofthesechemicalsmellscanaccountforbigdifferencesinhowmanybitesapersongets.Theelementsofthosemicrobialcoloniescanalsovaryovertimeinthesameindividual,particularlyifthatpersonissick,Riffellsaid.Wedon’thavemuchcontroloverthemicrobiomesonourskin,butRiffelldidoffersomeadvicebasedonhisresearch—mosquitoeslovethecolorblack,soconsiderwearingsomething学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 lighteratyournextcookout.62．Whatdoweknowaboutmosquitoesbeforetheybite?A．Theyareaffectedbywindspeed.B．Theytendtoflyagainstthewind.C．Theytargettheirvictimsbyusingcarbondioxide.D．Theylocatetheirvictimsthroughtheirbodysizes.63．Whatisthedecisivefactorinmosquitoes’biting?A．Victims’skintemperature.B．Thewatervaporintheair.C．Thecolorofvictims’clothes.D．Thechemicalsleftonskinbymicrobes.64．Whoismorelikelytobebittenbymosquitoes?A．Menwithasmallervarietyofskinmicrobes.B．Menwithagreatervarietyofskinmicrobes.C．Womeningeneral.D．Meningeneral.65．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Mosquitoesdonotbitepeoplewhoaresick.B．Mosquitoesdonotbitepeoplewhoaremucholder.C．Weshouldcoverourbodiesasmuchaspossibletoavoidmosquitoesoutdoors.D．Wearinglight-coloredclothingoutdoorsislesslikelytoattractmosquitoes.66．Whichquestiondoesthepassagemainlyanswer?A．Howtoavoidmosquitobites?B．Whyaretheremosquitoesintheworld?C．Whydosomepeopleattractmosquitoes?D．Whatkindofsmellattractsmosquitoesthemost?（14）（2023·天津·校联考一模）AccordingtothemajorityofAmericans,womenareeverybitascapableofbeinggoodpoliticalleadersasmen.Thesamecanbesaidoftheirabilitytodominatethecorporateboardroom.AndaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurveyonwomenandleadership,mostAmericansfindwomenindistinguishablefrommenonkeyleadershiptraitssuchasintelligenceandcapacityforinnovation,withmanysayingthey’restrongerthanmenintermsofbeingpassionateandorganizedleaders.Sowhy,then,arewomeninshortsupplyatthetopofgovernmentandbusinessintheUnitedStates?Accordingtothepublic,atleast,it’snotthattheylacktoughness,managementtalentorproperskillsets.It’salsonotallaboutwork-lifebalance.Althougheconomicresearchandprevioussurveyfindingshaveshownthatcareerinterruptionsrelatedtomotherhoodmaymakeitharderforwomentoadvanceintheircareers学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 andcompetefortopexecutive(领导层)jobs,relativelyfewadultsintherecentsurveypointtothisasakeybarrierforwomenseekingleadershiproles.Onlyaboutone-in-fivesaywomen’sfamilyresponsibilitiesareamajorreasonwhytherearen’tmorefemalesintopleadershippositionsinbusinessandpolitics.Instead,toppingthelistofreasons,aboutfour-in-tenAmericanspointtoadoublestandardforwomenseekingtoclimbtothehighestlevelsofeitherpoliticsorbusiness,wheretheyhavetodomorethantheirmalecounterpartstoprovethemselves.Similarsharessaytheelectorate(选民)andcorporateAmericaarejustnotreadytoputmorewomenintopleadershippositions.Asaresult,thepublicisdividedaboutwhethertheimbalanceincorporateAmericawillchangeintheforeseeablefuture,eventhoughwomenhavemademajoradvancesintheworkplace.While53%believemenwillcontinuetoholdmoretopexecutivepositionsinbusinessinthefuture,44%sayit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforeasmanywomenareintopexecutivepositionsasmen.Americansarelessdoubtfulwhenitcomestopolitics:73%expecttoseeafemalepresidentintheirlifetime.67．WhatdomostAmericansthinkofwomenleadersaccordingtoanewPewResearchCentersurvey?A．Theyhavetodomoretodistinguishthemselves.B．Theyhavetostrivehardertowintheirpositions.C．Theyarestrongerthanmenintermsofwillpower.D．Theyarejustasintelligentandinnovativeasmen.68．Whatdowelearnfromprevioussurveyfindingsaboutwomenseekingleadershiproles?A．Theyhaveunconquerabledifficultiesontheirwaytosuccess.B．Theyarelackinginconfidencewhencompetingwithmen.C．Theirfailuresmayhavesomethingtodowithfamilyduties.D．Relativelyfewarehinderedintheircareeradvancement.69．Whatistheprimaryfactorkeepingwomenfromtakingtopleadershippositionsaccordingtotherecentsurvey?A．Personalitytraits.B．Sexdiscrimination.C．Familyresponsibilities.D．Lackofvacancies.70．WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutcorporateAmericainthenearfuture?A．Moreandmorewomenwillsitintheboardroom.B．Genderimbalanceinleadershipislikelytochange.C．Thepublicisundecidedaboutwhetherwomenwillmakegoodleaders.D．Peoplehaveopposingopinionsastowhetheritwillhavemorewomenleaders.71．WhatdomostAmericansexpecttoseesoononAmerica’spoliticalstage?A．Awomaninthehighestpositionofgovernment.B．Moreandmorewomenactivelyengagedinpolitics.C．Amajorityofwomenvotingforafemalepresident.D．Asmanywomenintopgovernmentpositionsasmen.（15）学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （2023·天津·校联考一模）Everyyear,thousandsofteenagersparticipateinprogramsattheirlocalartmuseums.Butdoanyofthemremembertheirtimeatmuseumeventslaterinlife?Anewreportsuggeststhattheanswerisyes—andfindsthatarts-basedmuseumprogramsarecreditedwithchangingthecourseofalumni’s(毕业生的)lives,evenyearsafterthefact.TheWhitneyMuseumofAmericanArt,theWalkerArtCenterandtheMuseumofContemporaryArt,LosAngelesrecentlyaskedresearcherstoconductastudytofindouthoweffectivetheirlong-standingteenartprogramsreallyare.Theyinvolvedover300formerparticipantsoffourprogramsforteensthathavebeeninexistencesincethe1990s.Alumni,whosecurrentagesrangefrom18to36,wereinvitedtofindouthowtheyviewedtheirparticipationyearsafterthefact.Amongthealumnisurveyed,75percentofthemthoughttheteenartprogramexperiencehadthemostfavorableimpactontheirownlives,beatingthefamily,schoolandtheirneighborhoods.Nearly55percentthoughtthatitwasoneofthemostimportantexperiencestheyhadeverhad,regardlessofage.Andtwo-thirdssaidthattheywereofteninsituationswheretheirexperienceinmuseumsaffectedtheiractionsorthoughts.Itturnsoutthatparticipatinginartprogramsalsohelpskeepteenskeenaboutcultureevenaftertheyreachadulthood:Ninety-sixpercentofparticipantshadvisitedanartmuseumwithinthelasttwoyears,and68percenthadvisitedanartmuseumfiveormoretimeswithinthelasttwoyears.Thirty-twopercentofalumniworkintheartsasadults.Thoughthestudyisthefirstofitskindtoexploretheimpactofteen-specificartprogramsinmuseums,itreflectsotherresearchontheimportantbenefitsofengagingwiththearts.AdecadeofsurveysbytheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsfoundthatthechildhoodexperiencewiththeartsissignificantlyassociatedwithpeople’sincomeandeducationalachievementsasadults.Otherstudieshavelinkedartseducationtoeverythingfromlowerdropoutratestoimprovementincriticalthinkingskills.72．Whatisthemainfunctionofparagraph1?A．Tomakeacomparison.B．Toproposeadefinition.C．Toprovidethebackground.D．Topresentthesubject.73．Whyweretheresearchersaskedtoconductthestudy?A．Tochangethecourseofalumni’slives.B．Tointroducetheartmuseums.C．Toexploretheimpactofteenartprograms.D．Toinvitepeopletoparticipateintheartprograms.74．WhatdothefiguresinParagraph3show?A．Studentsaremoreinfluencedbythefamilyandschool.B．Teenartprogramsinmuseumsarehighlybeneficial.C．Manyteensfailtorealizethegreatvalueofartprograms.D．Mostexperiencesinmuseumsareboringfortoday’steens.75．WhatdoesParagraph4tellusaboutartprograms?A．Theyareintendedtoattractmoreadults.B．Theyaredesignedtosupportartmuseums.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C．Theycreateadultswhoareculturallyaware.D．Theyprovidemanyjobopportunitiesforadults.76．Whatdothestudiesmentionedinthelastparagraphhaveincommon?A．Allprovethegoodeffectsofarteducation.B．Allsuggesttheneedtoimprovemuseumprograms.C．Allshowthegrowingpopularityofartprograms.D．Allfocusonthelinkbetweenartandeducation.（16）（2023·天津滨海新·校联考一模）Ifyou’rearunnerwhosecretlyhatesrunning,here’ssomegoodnews:settlingintoaleisurelyjogratherthananall-outrunmayactuallybebetterforyourhealthinthelongterm.AteamfromDenmarkfollowedover5,000peopletakingpartintheCopenhagenCityHeartStudy,andtrackedwhethertheywerenon-joggers,orjoggerswhokeptaslow,moderate(中等的),orfastpace.Theparticipants’healthwastrackedoverthenext12years,andsowastheirmortality(死亡率):28ofthejoggersand128ofthenon-joggersdied.Theconnectionwasthis:Joggersofmildandmoderateintensityhadalowerriskofdeaththanthefastjoggers.Infact,thelowestmortalityriskwasthatofthemildintensityjoggers.Thefast-pacedjoggershadaboutthesamemortalityrateassedentary(久坐的)people.Thissuggeststhattheremaybeanupperlimittohardexercise,afterwhichthebenefitsfalloff.“TheU-shapedassociationbetweenjoggingandmortalitysuggeststheremaybeanupperlimitforexerciseamountthatisbestforhealthbenefits,”saidstudyauthorPeterSchnohr.“Anythingmoreisnotjustunnecessary;itmaybeharmful.”Fromthecurrentstudy,joggingjustthreetimesperweek,forlessthan2.5hoursperweekwasassociatedwiththelowestoverallmortalityrisk.Therehavebeenalotofmixedmessagesaboutthe“right”amountofexerciseandwhatintensityisbest.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhassuggestedthatthecurrent150minutesperweekrecommendationsarestrenuousformostpeopletotackle,andthatexpectationsshouldbelowered,since,afterall,anythingisbetterthannothing.Everyoneprobablyhasalevelofactivitythatfeelsbesttohimorher.Butatleastthegrowingconsensusseemstobethatmore—ifyou’repushingyourselfveryhard—isnotnecessarilybetter.Anditmayevenbeworse.77．Whatwasthestudydesignedtofindout?A．Therelationbetweenexerciseamountandhealth.B．Thedifferencebetweennon-joggersandjoggers.C．Theadvantagesofjoggingoverrunning.D．Thecommoncausesofdeathfromexercise.78．Whowillfacethehighestmortalityriskaccordingtothestudy?A．Thosejoggingjustthreetimesperweek.B．Thosejogging150minutesperweek.C．Thosefast-pacedjoggers.D．Thoseslow-pacedjoggers.79．WhatmightPeterSchnohragreewith?A．Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.B．Wealthisnothingwithouthealth.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C．Togobeyondisaswrongastofallshort.D．Enoughexercisebringsabouthappiness.80．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strenuous”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Intense.B．Wide-ranging.C．Necessary.D．Far-reaching.81．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyJoggingMayBeBetterForYourHealthThanRunning?B．CanJoggingIncreaseYourWeight?C．HowDoesJoggingAffectYourHealth?D．HowOftenShouldBeginnersRun?（17）（2023秋·天津·高三北京师范大学天津附属中学校考期末）Oneofourbiggestfearsnowadaysisthatourkidsmightsomedaygetlostina“seaoftechnology”ratherthanexperiencingthenaturalworld.Fear-producingTVandcomputergamesareleadingtoaseriousdisconnectbetweenkidsandthegreatoutdoors,whichwillchangethewildplacesoftheworld,itscreaturesandhumanhealthfortheworse,unlessadultsgetworkingonchild’splay.Eachofushasaplaceinnaturewegosometimes,evenifitwastorndown.Wecannotbethelastgenerationtohavethatplace.Atthisrate,kidswhomissthesenseofwonderoutdoorswillnotgrowuptobeprotectorsofnaturallandscapes.“IfthedeclineinparksusecontinuesacrossNorthAmerica,whowilldefendparksagainstencroachment(蚕食)?”asksRichardLouv,authorofLastChildintheWoods.Withouthavinganatureexperience,kids,canturnoutjustfine,buttheyaremissingoutahugeenrichmentoftheirlives.Thatappliestoeverythingfromtheirphysicalhealthandmentalhealth,tostresslevels,creativityandcognitive(认知的)skills.Expertspredictmodernkidswillhavepoorerhealththantheirparents—andtheysayalackofoutsideplayissurelypartofit;researchsuggeststhatkidsdobetteracademicallyinschoolswithanaturecomponentandthatplayinnaturefosters(培养)leadershipbythesmartest,notbythetoughest.Evenatinyoutdoorexperiencecancreatewonderinachild.Thethree-year-oldturningoverhisfirstrockrealizesheisnotaloneintheworld.Aclumpoftreesontheroadsidecanbethewholeuniverseinhiseyes.Wereallyneedtovaluethatmore.Kidsarenotresponsible.Theyareover-protectedandfrightened.Itisdangerousouttherefromtimetotime,butrepetitivestressfromcomputersisreplacingbreakinganarmasachildhoodrite(仪式)ofpassage.Everyone,fromdevelopers,toschoolsandoutdoorcitizens,shouldhelpregainforourkidssomeofthefreedomandjoyofexploring,takingfriendshipinfieldsandwoodsthatcementlove,respectandneedforlandscape.Asparents,weshoulddevotesomeofourenergiestotakingourkidsintonature.Thiscouldyetbeourgreatestcause.82．ThemainideaofParagraph2isthat________.A．kidsmissthesenseofwonderoutdoorsB．parksareindangerofbeinggraduallyencroached学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 C．RichardLouvistheauthorofLastChildintheWoodsD．childrenareexpectedtodevelopintoprotectorsofnature83．Accordingtothepassage,childrenwithoutexperiencingnaturewill________.A．belesshealthybothphysicallyandmentallyB．beover-protectedbytheirparentsC．keepahighsenseofwonderD．changewildplacesandcreaturesforthebetter84．Accordingtotheauthor,children’sbreakinganarmis________.A．thefaultonthepartoftheirparentsB．thenaturalexperienceintheirgrowingupC．theresultoftheirowncarelessnessinplayD．theeffectoftheirrepetitivestressfromcomputers85．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cement”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Weaken.B．Strengthen.C．Lower.D．Decease.86．Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto________.A．blamechildrenforgettinglostincomputergamesB．encouragechildrentoprotectparksfromencroachmentC．showhisconcernaboutchildren’slackofexperienceinnatureD．inspirechildrentokeepthesenseofwonderaboutthingsaround（18）（2023秋·天津河北·高三统考期末）Nearlyallparentswanttoraiseconfidentchildrenwhobelievestronglyintheirownabilities,buthowexactlydoyouencourageyourchildrentoseethemselvesasintelligentandcompetent?Willcallingyourchildren“smart”helptoimproveconfidence?Researchclearlyshowsthatpraisingchildrenforbeing“smart”isassociatedwithmorenegativeconsequencesthanpraisingchildrenfortheireffort.First,researchfindsthatwhenchildrenarepraisedforbeing“smart,”theytendtobelessinterestedinthelearningitselfandmoreinterestedintheperformanceofthemselvesandothers,ascomparedtochildrenwhoarepraisedfortheireffort.Inaddition,whenfacedwithfailure,childrenpraisedforbeing“smart”tendtoblametheirfailureonnotbeingsmartenoughandarethenmorelikelytojustgiveup.Childrenpraisedfor“hardwork”tendtoconcludethattheysimplyneedtoworkharderwhentheyfail,andthustheyaremorelikelytobepersistent.Childrenwhoarepraisedforbeing“smart”alsotendtoseeintelligenceassomethingtheycan’tchange,whilechildrenpraisedfor“hardwork”aremoremotivatedtokeeplearningortryingtodobetter.Praisingchildrenforbeing“smart”mayevenpromotecheating.Researchfindsthatchildrenwhoarereferredtoas“smart”aremorelikelytocheatthanchildrenpraisedfortheirperformance(“Youdidverywellthistime.”),ornotpraisedatall.Theresearchersguessthatchildrenwhoarecalled“smart”feelpressuredtoupholdthisreputationsotheycheattomakesurethattheirperformanceisconsistentwithbeing“smart”.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Sotrynottorefertoyourchildas“smart”oranylabelthatreferstotheirabilities.Researchconsistentlyfindsthatthistypeof“personpraise”hasanegativeimpactonmotivationandpersistence.Instead,praisechildrenfortheirhardworkandeffort.Youcanalsopraisethemfortheirfocusonatask,persistenceinsomethingdifficult,orthestrategytheyuse,soinsteadofsaying,“Wow,youaresosmart,”trysaying,“Whatagreatideatobuildastrongbaseforyourtowerbeforeyoustartedbuilding!”87．Whatisthefindingoftheresearch?A．Praisingchildrenfortheireffortbenefitstheminmanyways.B．Callingchildren“smart”helpsimproveconfidence.C．Childrenpraisedforbeing“smart”tendtofail.D．Intelligenceissomethingthatwecanchange.88．Whyarechildrencalled“smart”morelikelytocheat?A．Theyaremorepersistentwhenfacedwithfailure.B．Theyaremoreinterestedinperformancethaninlearning.C．Theybelieveintelligenceissomethingthatcan’tbechanged.D．Theyfeeltheneedtomaintaintheirreputationasbeing“smart”.89．Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewithinpraisingchildren?A．Youaresogoodatmath.B．Wow,youaresoexcellent.C．Iloveitwhenyouchallengeyourselfwithreading.D．Youareatalentedsingerandcaneasilyoutperformmostothers.90．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Thenegativeconsequencesofpraisingchildrenforbeing“smart”.B．Therelationshipbetween“smart”praiseandcheatinginchildren.C．Thestrategiesofpraisingchildrenfortheirhardworkandeffort.D．Thebenefitsofpraisingchildrenfortheirpersistenceandfocus.91．Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthepassage?A．Callingachild“smart”maynotbebeneficialforhim.B．Childrenpraisedforbeing“smart”performbetter.C．Praisecanmakechildrenmoreconfident.D．Parentsshouldpraisetheirchildrenless.（19）（2023·天津和平·统考一模）Somepeoplesaythattheplanetisgettingsmaller,thattherearefewplaceslefttoexplore,andthattheageofexplorationwillbeoversoon.Iwouldargueinsteadthattherehasneverbeenagreaterneedtoexplore.That’sbecausethestageforallexplorationisthenaturalworld,andnatureisexperiencingarapiddecline.Itisbyexploringthatweunderstandandwhenweunderstandwedevelopanappreciationforwhatisfound.Ultimately,onlythethingsweappreciate学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 areworthprotecting.Asthegoldenageofexplorationweakens,sodoestherichnessoflifeonEarth.Itisn’tjustthattherearefewerblankareasonthemap;itisthatwildplacesandspaceshavebeenprogressivelycarvedup(瓜分).VisitingtheOkavangoDeltaorKalahariDesert,forexample,nolongerimpliesaself-supportedexpedition(考察).Fieldstationspopupinimportantnationalparksandremotesensingbysatellitebecomescommonplace.Inthenextcentury,Ibelievewewillneedlargerandwilderareas.Wewillneedthewilderness,notjustfortheprotectionofit,butbecauseitisanimportantpartoftheecosystemsfromwhichwegainournecessitieslikecleanwater,foodandmaterials.Ifwesucceed,thenexpeditions—brieftravelsintothewildthatseektoanswerquestions,monitorpopulations,andinspireaction—willhavearenewedsenseofpurpose.Moreimportantly,theygreatlyhelpthepublicexperience,understandandappreciatenature.Basedonmyownresearchexpeditionwhichaimstounderstand“edgeeffects”—howthechangesintemperatureatforestedgesimpactanimals,Ifinditimportantthattoday’sscientistscontinuetospendtimeinthefield.Itisherethattheybegintounderstandhowseeminglyunrelatedenvironmentalinteractionsinfluencetheirstudysystem.Sometimes,it’sdifficulttoknowwhichisimportanttomeasureuntilyoustandoutthereontheforestedge.Itistheyounggenerationthatisthemainforcetoleadthenextwaveofexpeditions.Themeasureoftheirsuccesswillbewhethertherearestillwell-preservedwildplacesforexpeditionsinthefuture.Theirleadershipisneedednow,morethanever.92．What’sthepurposeofthistext?A．Tosuggestunderstandingnaturebykeepingexploring.B．Toadvisepeoplenottotraveltounknownplaces.C．Toinformusaboutthereducedbiodiversity.D．Tocallonthepublictosupportthestudy.93．WhatcanweknowabouttheexpeditioninwildspacesfromParagraph3?A．Itisdifficultforexplorerstomakeprogress.B．Itismoreaccessiblewiththehelpoftechnology.C．Itpromotesthedevelopmentofsatellitetechnology.D．Itrequiresexplorerstotakesufficientheavyequipment.94．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“popup”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Appearunexpectedly.B．Closetemporarily.C．Developquickly.D．Differgreatly.95．Whatdoestheauthorrealizeafterhisresearchexpedition?A．Thesignificanceofscientists’fieldtrip.B．Thedifficultyofcarryingoutfieldwork.C．Theneedtoexpandtheedgesofforests.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 D．Theinfluenceofhisstudyontheenvironment.96．Thesuccessoffutureexpeditionswillbedeterminedby________.A．ourknowledgeofnatureB．thetimespentinthefieldC．thepreservationofwildplacesD．thestudysystemofyounggenerations（20）（2023春·天津武清·高三天津市武清区杨村第一中学校考开学考试）Fromtalkingrobotsandvideophonestorovers(探测器)onMars,technologyhasbecomesoadvancedthatthepreviouslyimpossibleseemstooccuronadailybasis.Andyet—westillhavenocureforthecommoncold.Whycan’twestopthecommoncold?AccordingtoPeterBarlow,ascientistatEdinburghNapierUniversityintheUK,themainchallengeliesinthemanydifferenttypesofcoldvirusesthatareproducedbytherhinoviruses(鼻病毒),ScientificAmericanreported.Thereareatleast160types.Theymutatesoeasilythattheyquicklybecomeresistanttodrugs,orlearntohidefromourimmunesystems.Inotherwords,asinglecureisn’tlikelytoworkoneverytypeofcold.However,researchersfromStanfordUniversityandtheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,havefoundapossibleanswer.Theydiscoveredaproteinthatthevirusesneed.Withoutit,theycan’tspreadinsideyourbody.Toidentifythegenewhichproducesthespecificproteinneededbytheviruses,researchersusedagene-editingtechniquetotestallgenesinthehumangenome(基因组)onebyoneforthousandsofcell.Thesemodifiedcellswerethenexposedtoarangeofenteroviruses(肠道病毒),includingtherhinoviruseswhichcausethecommoncold.Alltheviruseswereunabletoreplicateinsidecellswithoutagenethatproducesaspecificprotein,calledmethyltransferase(甲基转移酶)SETD3.Then,theytestedgeneticallymodifiedmice,whichwerecompletelyunabletoproducetheprotein.Themicewereabletolivehealthy,normalliveswithouttheprotein.“Lackingthatgeneprotectedthemicecompletelyfromviralinfection,”associateprofessorJanCarette,fromStanford,toldtheBBC．”Thesemicewouldalwaysdie,buttheysurvivedandwesawaverystrongreductioninviralreplicationandverystrongprotection.“Carettesaidtheplanistofindadrugwhichcantemporarilysuppresstheprotein,insteadofproducinggeneticallymodifiedhumans.“Wehaveidentifiedafantastictargetthatallenterovirusesandrhinovirusesrequireanddependon.Takethatawayandthevirusreallyhasnochance,”saidCarette.“Thisisareallygoodfirststep—thesecondstepistohaveachemicalthatmimicsthisgeneticdeletion,”headded.97．Whatdoestheunderlinedword”mutate”meaninEnglish?A．Tochangeanewform.B．Toidentifyanewgene.C．Tocheckamodifiedcell.D．Tocureaviralinfection.98．Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A．Whyitissohardtocurethecommoncold.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B．Thepossiblelinkbetweenrhinovirusesandthecommoncold.C．Apossiblewaytostopviralinfectionsthatcausethecommoncold.D．Thefunctionsofaproteinneededbyviruses.99．Whatcanwelearnabouttheproteinneededbytheviruses?A．Ithelpsthevirusesreplicateinsideourbodies.B．Itallowsthevirusestochangeeasily.C．Ithelpsthevirusesbecomeresistanttodrugs.D．Itincreasesthespreadoftheviruses.100．Whatdidtheresearchersdiscoverintheirgene-editingstudy?A．Geneticallymodifiedmicediedbecausetheylackedtheprotein.B．Themodifiedcellsseemedtoprotectthemiceagainstviralinfections.C．MoremethyltransferaseSETD3wasproducedafterthecellsweremodified.D．Thegene-editingtechniquewasmoreeffectiveagainstenterovirusesthanrhinoviruses.101．Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext,accordingtoCarette?A．Conductexperimentsongeneticallymodifiedhumans.B．Identifyadrugthatcanhelpreducetheprotein.C．Applythisgene-editingtechniquetocontrolotherviruses.D．Findachemicalthatcancureallenterovirusesandrhinoviruses.学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司