2023年上海四校八大高一上学期期中英语试题精选集锦三 完形填空题（试题版）.docx

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2023年上海市名校高一上学期期中英语试题精选集锦专题03：完形填空题1.【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】2.【上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】3.【上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】4.【上海市交大附中2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题】5.【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】6.【上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】7.【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】8.【上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】9.【上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】10.【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】11.【上海市复兴高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】12.【上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】1.【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Researcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseofsmell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerin26onroads.Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectonthe27.AccordingtoConradKing,theresearcherwhocarriedoutthereview,“morethananyothersenses,thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthebrainandactsonthesystemsconcernedwith28.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcan29thebestintentionsofonegoingonadiet.”Smell,whichrevealstheunbelievable30offoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstoodofour学科网（北京）股份有限公司 senses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,00031smells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremelylargerangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes,whichmakeupanamazing3%ofthehumangenome(基因组).ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthe32ofthisextraordinarysense.Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactory(嗅觉的)genesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.Accordingtoonestudyintheresearchreview,smellingfreshpizzaoreventhepackagingoffastfoodscanbeenoughtomakedriversfeel33withotherroadusers.Theyarethenmorelikelytospeedandexperienceuncontrollableangeronroads.Themostreasonableexplanationisthatthesecanallmakedriversfeelhungry,andtherefore34tosatisfytheirappetites.35,thesmellsofpeppermintandcinnamonwereshowntoimproveconcentrationlevelsaswellasreducedrivers’impatience.  36,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.However,thewaythatgenes37smelldiffersfrompersontoperson.AstudybyresearchersinIsraelhasidentifiedatleast50olfactorygeneswhichare38insomepeopleandnotinothers.Theybelievethismay  39whysomeofuslovesomesmellsandtasteswhileothershatethem.TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsa40patternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.26．A．pedestriansB．policemenC．cyclistsD．drivers27．A．emotionB．behaviorC．brainD．body28．A．intelligenceB．abilityC．thinkingD．feelings29．A．destroyB．decreaseC．revealD．satisfy30．A．taskB．complexityC．influenceD．creation31．A．strangeB．peculiarC．distinctD．extinct32．A．intentionB．natureC．creationD．development33．A．impatientB．amazedC．dissatisfiedD．disappointed34．A．willingB．determinedC．desperateD．likely35．A．InadditionB．WithoutdoubtC．TobehonestD．Incontrast36．A．GraduallyB．SimilarlyC．RelativelyD．Generally37．A．regulateB．improveC．createD．change38．A．turneddownB．switchedonC．approvedofD．backedup39．A．warnB．concealC．informD．explain学科网（北京）股份有限公司 40．A．differentB．clearC．normalD．regular2.【上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Expertsoftentellstudentstoputtheireffortsonanarrowfieldtogetajobafterschool.ButrecentresearchintoNobelPrizewinnerssuggeststhatwiderinterestsare26.Oneofthewinnersofthe2022NobelPrizeinChemistrywasDanishscientistMortenMeldal.Whendescribinghiscareer,Meldalsaidhe27asanengineerbutchangedtochemistrybecause,he“wantedtounderstandtheworld”.Meldal’sexperienceandthewayheseesthingsmaycomeasa(n)28tostudents.Theymightbelievetheyhaveto29theirworkandschoollivesinonefieldtobesuccessful.ButastudyfromprofessorsatMichiganStateUniversity30thatbelief.TheysaidthatmanyNobelPrizewinnerscanbedescribedas“polymaths,”thosewhohavemany31interestsinboththeirworkandpersonallives.TheprofessorslookedatpastNobelPrizewinnersandtheirstudents.Theydecidedthatwhen32ofwinnersgoontowinNobelPrizes,someofwhattheylearnedfromtheirteachersishowtolivealifewithmanyinterests.Theyare,inaway,learninghowtobe33.Havingmanyinterests34scientiststolookforinnovativewaystoaddressproblems.Infact,oneimportantpartofscienceisnotdiscoveringanswers,but35problemsthatneedtobesettled.Forexample,AlexisCarrelwonhisNobelPrizeinmedicinein1912by36techniqueshelearnedfromtheclothingbusiness.Herealizedthatpeoplewhousedthreadtomakeandfixclothinghadaskillthatcouldbeusedin37toputneworgansintopeople’sbodies.Onewinnerinmedicine—ChristianeNusslein-Volhard—oncetoldyoungscientiststoavoidfollowingthe“38”andmoveoutoftheirstudyareastobeindependentandoriginal.39,theMichiganStateprofessorsfoundthatmostprofessionalsarenotliketheprize-winners.Theprize-winnersarespecialinthatthey40lookforthechancestolearnnewthings,evenoutsideoftheirjobs.26．A．scientificB．competingC．essentialD．immediate27．A．startedoutB．madeoffC．lookedoverD．turnedaside28．A．distractionB．surpriseC．exampleD．burden29．A．easeB．tipC．treatD．center30．A．exemplifiedB．confirmedC．editedD．rejected31．A．diverseB．similarC．mathematicalD．peculiar学科网（北京）股份有限公司 32．A．teachersB．studentsC．peersD．children33．A．creativeB．leisureC．academicD．reasonable34．A．spoilsB．poursC．permitsD．starves35．A．abandoningB．recognizingC．capitalizingD．worsening36．A．shrinkingB．trackingC．individualizingD．transferring37．A．operationsB．enginesC．clothingD．machinery38．A．cornerstoneB．mainstreamC．upkeepD．outflow39．A．AsaresultB．OnthecontraryC．InarowD．Atacost40．A．unevenlyB．fruitlesslyC．regularlyD．reluctantly3.【上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】TheGreekhistorianHerodotusissaidtohavemadeoneoftheearliestlistsofsevenwondersoftheworld,includingthestillmysteriousaccomplishmentofancienthorticultureknownastheHangingGardensofBabylon.Morerecenttimessawnatural35tothesemarvelsofclassicalarchitectureproposed:waterfalls,mountains,canyons,reefs.Asenvironmentalconsciousnesshasriseninthewest,36tosuchsightseeinghavechanged.Yes,itisthrillingtovisitremoteforestsorspotrarespecies.37,travellingtofarawaydestinationsiscarbon-intensive.Whenflightsorlongroadjourneysareinvolved,38canbemademoredifficultaswellasassistedbysightseers.Thereisa(n)39tobestruck,andethicalgovernmentsandbusinessesaroundtheworldtrytomaximisethebenefitswhileminimising,theharms.Colombia,40,recentlyintroducedlawsaimedatpromotingsustainabletourismMostofus,intherichcountrieswherepeopletakemostholidays,understandbetterthaneverthattherearecostsaswellasbenefits41exploring.Oneofthesixpromisesproposedbyanenvironmentalcampaignlaunchedlastmonth,TheJump,isto“holiday42”,takingshort-distanceflightsonceeverythreeyearsandlong-distanceflightsveryrarely.Fortunately,theUK’s15nationalparks,86areasofoutstandingnaturalbeautyandcountlessotherlandscapesmeanthatthereisno43ofspecialplacesfordomesticnaturetouriststovisit.OnerecentsurveyfoundthatWindsorGreatParkandKewhavebecomeBritain’smost44attractions.Visitornumbersatwildlifetrusts(野生生物托管组织)arehigh,withwaitinglistsforbeaver-spotting.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Somecompaniesthatformerlyranforeigntripshave45tothepandemicbytakingpeopletowatchdolphinsandothermarinelifeoffBritishcoastsinstead.Thisisnottominimisethedestructionofnaturethatisalso46.SewageoutflowsareoutofcontrolduetofailedwaterindustryregulationTheownersofapopularrewildedestateinWestSussexhavewanedthatplanstobuild3,500homesnexttotheirlandwouldbe47forthespeciesthatlivethere.Butasweconfrontanenvironmentalemergencythatgrowsevermoredangerous,itisessentialtocultivate48ofnaturethatsurroundsus.Inasmallway,holidayoutingstowatchdragonflies,kingfishers(鸟)orseals,orbesurroundedbytreesthatarecomingintoleaf,couldhelpustofocusonwhat49.35．A．limitsB．offeringsC．alternativesD．superiors36．A．attitudesB．chaptersC．bansD．restorations37．A．ThereforeB．MoreoverC．ConsequentlyD．However38．A．conservationB．transportationC．admissionD．expression39．A．focusB．threatC．poseD．balance40．A．inshortB．forexampleC．bycontrastD．aboveall41．A．comparedtoB．particularaboutC．associatedwithD．distantfrom42．A．localB．remoteC．nobleD．overseas43．A．paradiseB．exhibitionC．shortageD．boast44．A．genuineB．fortunateC．ignorantD．popular45．A．adaptedB．connectedC．heldD．restored46．A．concentratingonB．goingawayC．takingplaceD．figuringout47．A．miraculousB．cheerfulC．economicalD．disastrous48．A．comfortB．appreciationC．splendorD．behavior49．A．mattersB．debatesC．reflectsD．approaches4.【上海市交大附中2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题】Everycultureontheplanethascertaintopicsthatpeopleavoiddiscussing.Butthetaboos(禁忌)ofoneculturemaybeverydifferentfromthoseofanother.Youmaybe19thatpeoplefromotherculturessaywhatyoucan’ttalkabout.Payingattentiontowhatpeopledon’t20canteachussomethingimportantabouttheirculture.Theirtabootopicsgiveuscluesaboutwhattheyvalue,respectorevenfear.Topicsthatareconsideredtoopersonalor学科网（北京）股份有限公司 toocontroversial(有争议的）mayalsobeavoided.Americaisfulloftabootopics.Usually,duringapoliteconversation,Americanswill21bothpoliticsandreligion.Theyalsoavoidtalkingaboutracialissues(种族问题).Why?Becausethesetopicscancausestrongopinionsand22.Americansbelieveit’sbesttoavoidthem—especiallyatsocialgatherings.ManyAmericansalsodonotfeel23talkingabouttheirpersonalincome,ageorhealth.24,theyprefertomakesmalltalksabouttheweather,sportsorcommoninterests.WhatdothesetaboostellusaboutAmerican25?Forone,theyshowthatAmericansplaceimportanceon26.Americacertainlyisn’ttheonlyplacethatvaluesit.Youwillfind27taboosaboutaskingpersonalquestionsinmanyEuropeancountries.“ThisisespeciallytrueinGermany”,saysHannaGraf,aGermanlivinginShanghai.“InGermany,youarenotsupposedtoaskaboutotherpeople’spersonalbusiness,”shesays.“Butthereareno28  rulesaboutwhatyoucan’task;it’sjustinpeople’sminds.”InBrazil,29,almostanythingseemsopentodiscussion.“Brazilianstalkaboutallkindsofpersonalissues,”saysMarkQuinlan,whogrewupinBrazil.Butofcourse,evenBrazilhasitsowntaboos.InBrazil,socceristheonetopicthatcanturnfriendsintoenemies.Brazilianslovethesport.Sayinganything30aboutsoccercancausebigtrouble.Evenexpressingpreferenceforoneteamoveranothercanbe31.LikeBrazilians,Australianstalkfreelyaboutalmostanything.However,theydonottalkabouttheirpersonalorbusiness32.Theyprefertoletpeoplejudgethembytheiractions,nottheirwords.Boasting(夸大)yourachievementswillonlymakeyouthe33ofotherpeople’sjokes.Andwhataboutyourtaboos?Thenexttimeyouhaveaconversation,payattentiontowhatisn’tsaid.Youmightbeamazedatwhatyoulearnaboutyourownculture.19．A．excitedB．surprisedC．fascinatedD．relieved20．A．stressB．considerC．desireD．discuss21．A．ruleoutB．taketoC．touchuponD．focuson22．A．argumentsB．interactionsC．agreementsD．relationships23．A．embarrassedB．relaxedC．confusedD．disappointed24．A．BesidesB．OccasionallyC．FranklyD．Instead25．A．valuesB．featuresC．statusD．dreams26．A．cultureB．independenceC．privacyD．freedom27．A．formalB．uniqueC．similarD．aggressive28．A．specializedB．writtenC．commonD．basic学科网（北京）股份有限公司 29．A．moreoverB．howeverC．thereforeD．anyhow30．A．importantB．worthlessC．magicalD．negative31．A．beneficialB．impressiveC．dangerousD．emotional32．A．achievementsB．secretsC．livesD．failures33．A．audienceB．designerC．targetD．interpreter            5.【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Theold1986truckwasagiftfromhisgrandfather.Itworked,butitwaslargeandinconvenient.SoitwasnotanidealvehicleforIanCheney’s21inner-cityneighborhoodinNewYork.ManyNewYorkerswouldlookatthetruckandthinkofarubbishdump.IanCheneylookedathisgrandfather’struckandthoughtofa(n)22.Asinotherlargecities,therearenotmanyplacestogrowfoodinNewYork.YetCheneywantedavegetablegarden.ManyurbanfarmersinNewYorkhavefound23waystogrowvegetables.Therearerooftopgardenshighabovethecity.Therearecommunitygardensinoldparkinglots.Thereisevena(n)24gardenintheHudsonRiver.Cheney,however,didn’t25anyofthese.Sotheoldtruckwasa(n)26solution.Thebackofthetruckprovidedhimwiththe27heneeded.“SinceIdon’thavearooftoptogrowanyfood,”Cheneyexplains.“Itseemedlikethelogicalthingtodo.”SoCheney28towork.First,hedrilledholesinthetruckbedfordrainage—allowingwatertopassthroughthebed.Thenhelaiddownarecycledplasticmat.Thesoilcamenext.Hemadesurethateverythingwasorganic.Cheney29organicbecausehewantedtogrowvegetableswithoutchemicals.Thenheplantedlettuce,herbs,spinach,andtomatoes.Finally,hewateredandwaited.Whenthefoodwasreadytopick,Cheneydrovethetruckfromoneurbanneighborhoodtoanother.He30someofthevegetables.Hesoldtheresttofriendsandneighbors.Everywhereheparked,passersbystoppedandtalkedaboutthebeautifulvegetablegardeninthebackofthetruck.Cheneyis31aboutfood.Hestronglybelievesthatpeoplearebetteroffeatingmorelocalfood,becauseitreduceseconomicandenvironmental32.Thereisalsothequestionofnutrition.Lessnutritionalbenefitsofvegetables33overtime.Soeatingfoodwithinafewdaysofharvestingishealthierforyou.Cheneyknowsthathistruckcannotsolvetheproblemofthelackoffreshfoodinallneighborhoods.Yet,学科网（北京）股份有限公司 likerooftopgardens,itcouldbepartofthesolution.CheneycontinuestoplanthistruckanddriveitaroundNewYorkneighborhoods.Hehopesthatfreshandhealthyfoodcanbe34inmoreplaces,includinginner-cityareas.AsCheneysays,“Ifwecangrowfoodinthebackofa1986Dodgepickup,wecan35findbetterwaystogrowmorefreshproduce.”21．A．crowdedB．plainC．desertedD．breathtaking22．A．houseB．squareC．farmD．bank23．A．creativeB．uniformC．regularD．ugly24．A．floatingB．emergingC．risingD．remaining25．A．haveattachmenttoB．makecommitmentstoC．haveaccesstoD．makecontributionsto26．A．difficultB．practicalC．limitedD．common27．A．toolB．spaceC．informationD．material28．A．setupB．setoffC．setasideD．setout29．A．recognizedB．measuredC．commercializedD．preferred30．A．gaveawayB．gaveupC．gavebackD．gavein31．A．curiousB．anxiousC．optimisticD．passionate32．A．consumptionB．costsC．advantagesD．significance33．A．changeB．decreaseC．remainD．adapt34．A．acceptableB．reasonableC．popularD．available35．A．logicallyB．vaguelyC．definitelyD．randomly6.【上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Peopleusingad-blockingsoftwarewhovisitedtheNewYorkTimeswebsiteinMarchwereshownamessage.Thisread:“Thebestthingsinlifearen’t21.”Itwentontoexplainthat,“Advertisinghelpsusfundourjournalism,”andgavethevisitortwooptionstoreadthenewspaper’sonlinecontent:22theirad-blockingsoftwareorpayforasubscription.Despitemanyinternetusers’opposition,anumberofpublishersarenowbanningad-blockingsoftware.AidanJoyce,chiefexecutiveofOriel,says,“Mostad-blockingusersdonotobjecttoareasonableadvertisingexperience23qualityfreecontent.”MarkThompson,thegroup’schiefexecutive,said,“Anyonewho学科网（北京）股份有限公司 refusestocontributetothecreationofhigh-qualityjournalismhasnorightto24it.”Tosatisfypeoplewhohateadvertising,thenewsorganizationplanstointroduceahigher-priced,advertisement-free25.BenBarokas,chiefexecutiveofSourcepoint,thinksthatmediagroupsshouldofferconsumersarangeofdifferentwaysto26content,includingfor-freewithads,micropaymentsandsubscriptions.However,SeanBlanchfield,chiefexecutiveofPageFair,arguesthatpublishersneedtoexercisecareinhowtheybanadblockers.“Usershavejustifiableconcerns,”hesays.“Adsthatareservedtodayhaveseriousprivacyandsecurityproblems.”Mr.BlanchfieldsaysthatPageFairaimstohelppublishers.“27theadvertisingexperienceinawaythatthetypicalad-blockuserwouldn’tfindoffensive.”Publishersthatbanadblockersalsorisklosingtheiraudiencetocompetitorsthatturnoutmore28.Insomeways,thatmatterslittle.Butinternetusersarenotjust29consumers;Instead,theyoftenhelpdistributeapublisher’scontentbysharinglinkswithfriendsthroughemail,forums,andsocialmedia.MorethanhalfofU.K.adultsusinganadblockersaidthattheywouldswitchitoffifdoingsowastheonlywaytoaccessawebsite,accordingtoasurveybyYouGov.Meanwhile,Sweden’sbiggestpublisherswill30blockpeoplenextmonthwhousead-blockingsoftware.Theideaisthattheywillbeabletoturnthead-blockingtidewithacombinedeffort.21．A．equalB．freeC．essentialD．absolute22．A．downloadB．updateC．purchaseD．disable23．A．inplaceofB．inresponsetoC．insearchofD．inreturnfor24．A．consumeB．blockC．modifyD．oppose25．A．applicationB．qualificationC．protectionD．subscription26．A．createB．accessC．evaluateD．distribute27．A．broadenB．acquireC．embraceD．redefine28．A．innovativeB．generousC．adaptableD．committed29．A．passiveB．regularC．prospectiveD．selective30．A．secretlyB．cautiouslyC．permanentlyD．collectively7.【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Sadly,fortoofewschoolsmakescienceattractive.Textbooksareasdullasdictionaries.Asaresult,toomanychildrenthinkthatscienceisonlyforpeopleascleverasEinstein.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Butactuallychildrenstartoutas41scientists,eagertolookintotheworldaroundthem.Helpingthemenjoysciencecanbeeasy;there’sno42foralotofscientifictermsorexpensivelabequipment.Youonlyhavetoshareyourchildren’s43.Firstly,listentotheirquestions.Ioncevisitedaclassroomofsevenyearoldstotalkaboutscienceasajob.Thechildrenaskedme“textbookquestions”aboutschooling,salaryandwhetherIlikedmyjob.WhenIfinishedanswering,wesatfacingoneanotherinsilence.FinallyIsaid,“Nowthatwe’refinishedwithyourlists,doyouhavequestionsofyourownabout44?”Afteralongpause,aboyraisedhishand.“Haveyoueverseenagrasshopper(蚱蜢)45?WhenItryeatingleaveslikethat,Igetastomachache.Why?”Thisbeganasetofquestionsthatlastednearlytwohours.Secondly,givethemtimetothink.Studiesoverthepast30yearshaveshownthat,afteraskingaquestion,adults46waitonlyonesecondorlessforananswer,notimeforachildtothink.Whenadultsincreasetheir“waittime”tothreesecondsormore,childrengivemorelogical,completeandcreativeanswers.Thirdly,watchyour47.Onceyouhaveachildinvolvedinasciencediscussion,don’t48with“That’sright”or“Verygood”.Thesewordsworkwellwhenitcomestoencouraginggoodbehavior.Butintalkingaboutscience,quick49cansignalthatdiscussionisover.50,keepthingsgoingbysaying“That’sinteresting”or“I’dneverthoughtofitthatwaybefore”,orcomingupwithmorequestionsorideas.Never51achildto“Think”.Itdoesn’t52.Childrenarealwaysthinking,withoutyourtellingthemto.What’smore,thiscanturnaconversationintoa53.Thechildwilltrytofindtheansweryouwant,inasfewwordsaspossible,sothathewillbeasmallertargetforyourdisagreement.Lastly,show;don’ttell.54impressionsofnaturearefarmoreimpressivethananylessonchildrencanlearnfromabookoratelevisionprogram.Letchildrenlookattheirfingertipsthroughamagnifyingglass(放大镜),andthey’llunderstandwhyyouwantthemtowashbeforedinner.55sayingthatwaterevaporates(蒸发),setapotofwatertoboilandletthemwatchthewaterleveldrop.41．A．cleverB．naturalC．professionalD．determined42．A．visionB．needC．desireD．excuse43．A．curiosityB．funC．experienceD．success44．A．creaturesB．environmentC．scienceD．textbooks45．A．fightB．flyC．breedD．eat46．A．typicallyB．hardlyC．purposefullyD．originally47．A．behaviorB．languageC．toneD．signal48．A．endupB．jumpinC．startoutD．goon学科网（北京）股份有限公司 49．A．interactionB．decisionC．reactionD．praise50．A．BesidesB．ThereforeC．InsteadD．However51．A．pushB．expectC．allowD．forbid52．A．makesenseB．takeplaceC．makeadifferenceD．workwonders53．A．debateB．challengeC．performanceD．headache54．A．AccurateB．ObjectiveC．Deep-rootedD．Real-life55．A．InspiteofB．AsaresultofC．InsteadofD．Apartfrom8.【上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Mypaststudentsarestartingtoorganizeascientificconferenceformy60thbirthdaytobeheldaboutayearfromnow.TheirgestureremindedmeofRabbiHanina’swords:“Ihavelearnedmuchfrommyteachers,morefrommycolleaguesandthemostfrommystudents.”Weallstartedasstudents.Justaskidsbumpintothingsasthey’relearningto29theworld,manyofushavescarsfromearlyencounterswithourmentors.30arisewhenthosementorsattempttoestablishtheirauthoritybytryingtomakeusrespecttraditionalthinking.Memoriesoftheseeventsshouldencourageustodobetteraswe31rolesandmentorotherslaterinlife.Forexample,thefirstadviceIreceivedfrommypostdoctoralmentorwastodevelopspecializedskillsandfocusthemona32field,whereIwouldestablishmyselfastheworldexpert.33,IdecidednottofollowthisadviceassoonasIrecognizedbydrillingdownnarrowly,oneoftenfailstomakefurtherprogress.Inthesesituations,thepotentialfora34improveswithabroaderandmoreflexibleperspective,whichenables“outofthebox”opportunitiesfordrillingdeeperaroundit.Keepingthisinmind,Iencouragemystudentstothinkbroadlyand35aboutthemostexcitingproblemsinastronomy,suchas:“Whathappenedbeforethebigbang?”;“Whatwillhappeninourdistantcosmicfuture?”;“Whatisthenatureofdarkmatter?”;or“Whendidlifestartintheuniverse?”Itiscustomarytoconsiderastudent’srawpotentialasastand-alonecommoditywhosevaluecanbe36throughexaminations.Butmyexperiencetaughtmethatyoungscientistsdonotblossomintoexceptionalresearchers37theyaresupportedbyencouragingwordsandinspiration;theseingredientsareas38asnutritionandwaterareforseedsofflowers.39theinitialbeliefinthepotentialofastudenttobecomeasuccessfulscientist,thisoutcomemaynotcometrue.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 AschairoftheHarvardastronomydepartmentforalmostadecade,IwitnessedmanyexamplesofstudentswhowereinitiallyveryslowtomakeprogressbutblossomedacademicallyassoonastheyselectedadifferentadvisorandanewtopicfortheirPh.D．Agoodmentor40thestrengthsofthementee.Asaresult,asuccessfulmentoringexperienceoftenreflectsagood41betweenafledgling(新手的)scientistandanadvisor.TheyshouldbothbecongratulatedfortheirsharedacademicDNA．Ontheonehand,mentorsgetakickfromOscarWilde’sinsight:“Imitationisthesincerestformofflattery...”Butontheotherhand,theyshouldallowstudentstobreakfreefromthe42pathwithcreativity.Theruleofthumbistogiveyoungscholarsjustenoughspacetoexplorefreelyandlearnfromtheir43withoutdamagingthedirectionoftheirfuturecareers.Thelearningcurvescouldbesteep;someofmy50studentsoverthepastfewdecadesstartedslowbuteventuallyrosetothegreatestheights.Patienceiskey.29．A．processB．exploreC．reformD．include30．A．ConflictsB．NegotiationsC．ApprovalsD．Mysteries31．A．playB．denyC．accessD．change32．A．commercialB．strangeC．narrowD．broad33．A．ThereforeB．AdditionallyC．HoweverD．Consequently34．A．failureB．obligationC．ignoranceD．breakthrough35．A．independentlyB．mutuallyC．temporarilyD．undoubtedly36．A．embracedB．evaluatedC．containedD．imposed37．A．ifB．lestC．whileD．unless38．A．crucialB．elaborateC．unpredictableD．inaccessible39．A．WithinB．GivenC．WithoutD．Dueto40．A．spotsB．hidesC．appliesD．recalls41．A．argumentB．interactionC．criticismD．interview42．A．beatenB．brokenC．chaoticD．fresh43．A．mentorsB．imitationsC．fortuneD．mistakes9.【上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Afterstayingathomeoneafternoonforadeliveryofdiscountedsinkthatnevercame,ValentinRomanov,aStockholmITmanager,installedaspeciallockonhisflat’sentrance.Whennooneisin,deliverymenunlockthe学科网（北京）股份有限公司 doorandslippackagesinside.Fourmonthson,Mr.Romanovhas14hisspendingonlineandsayshecannotimaginelifewithoutin-homedeliveries.Thesearesweetwordsfordeliveryfirmsandonlineretailers(零售商),Amazonincluded,thataresettingup15withlockmanufacturerstoovercomeabigobstaclefore-commerce.Traditionaldeliveriesfailso16thataparcelisdriventoahomeanaverageofl.5timesintheNordicregion,saysKennethVerlage,headofbusinessdevelopmentatPostNord,alogistics(物流)giantoperatinginDenmark,Finland,NorwayandSweden.Itisanexpensive17madeworse,hesays,bythefactthatrecipientshavestilloftenhadtowaitforafaileddelivery.Somedeliverersleavepackagesondoorsteps,butthis18theft.Of1,000AmericanssurveyedthisyearbyShorr,apackagingfirm,nearlyathirdhadbeenvictimsof“porchpiracy”,asthisisknown.Two-fifths19certainonlinepurchasesforfearofit.Anumberoffirmsnowsellwirelesslyconnectedlockswhichadeliverypersoncanopenusingapasscodeorsmartphoneappafterthe20hasissuedatemporaryauthorizationbeforeleavinghomeorremotely.Deliveriesarefilmedwithanindoorsecuritycamerapairedwiththelock.Theshortvideosaresenttoparceladdresseesandtypically21,comicallyinMr.Romanov’sview,withajiggle(抖动)ofthedoorhandlefromoutsidetoshowthatthedepartingdeliverypersonhaslockedup.Amazonbeganofferingin-homedeliveriesin37AmericancitiesinNovember.Shopperswhohavehadaspecial22andcamerainstalledcanselectin-homedeliveryatcheckout.Likemostfirms23theservice,Amazonistight-lippedaboutusernumbers.ThebossofAugustHome,aSanFranciscomakerofin-homedeliverylocks,saysthatalreadyhundredsofthousandsofdeliverydrivers,dog-walkers,cleanersandAirbnbguestsuseitsapp24toenterothers’homes.Offeringsare25.In2018AugustHomewillgotoAustraliaandBritain,andPostNordwilllaunchin-homedeliveryinfourNordiccountries.WalmartandSearshavetriedit:Searseventestedunattendedappliancerepairs.FivelogisticsfirmsandtwoSwedishsupermarketchainsaretryingorusinglocksfromGlue,afirmbasedinStockholm,forin-homedeliveries.26suspecttheseeffortswillnotamounttomuch.Plentyof27willbefearfulabouttheft.RhinoSecurityLabs,aSeattlecomputer-securityfirm,claimsithackedintoandshutoffthevideoinoneAmazonlock-and-camerasystem.In-homedeliveriesareincompatible(不兼容的)withtheftalarms.Andwhatifanimproperlyfenced-offdogorcatslipsoutside?Oravaluableitemondisplaygetsknockedover?Theseare28questions.Bute-commercefirmshaveunlockedharderones.14．A．deletedB．doubledC．checkedD．decreased学科网（北京）股份有限公司 15．A．branchesB．partnershipsC．fundsD．conferences16．A．occasionallyB．unexpectedlyC．frequentlyD．miserably17．A．developmentB．purchaseC．inefficiencyD．tradition18．A．recordsB．reducesC．invitesD．commits19．A．makeB．avoidC．controlD．assess20．A．driverB．managerC．residentD．deliverer21．A．startB．disappearC．endD．emerge22．A．doorB．lockC．computerD．application23．A．grantingB．buyingC．framingD．offering24．A．illegallyB．unknowinglyC．keylesslyD．fearfully25．A．threateningB．competingC．multiplyingD．shrinking26．A．DesignersB．AdvocatesC．AdoptersD．Opponents27．A．firmsB．consumersC．hackersD．producers28．A．unimportantB．generalC．trickyD．improper10.【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Forpeoplewhojustcan’tseemtopassupthecandyinasupermarketcheckoutline,perhapsgroceryshoppingonlinecouldhelpreducetheseimpulsepurchases,anewstudysuggests.Thefindingsarepreliminary(初步的),andmoreresearchisneededtoconfirmtheresults,butthestudysuggeststhatonlinegroceryshoppingcouldhelppeople35ahealthydiet,saidleadstudyauthorJaimeCoffino,apublichealthresearcherattheUniversityatAlbany,StateUniversityofNewYork.Previousresearchshowsthatpeoplewhoaremoreimpulsive(冲动的)maybe36thanlessimpulsivepeople,CoffinotoldLiveScience.Inagrocerystore,thatimpulsivenesscouldleadtoashoppingcartfilledwith37food.Thenewstudylookedat60collegestudentswhofilledoutquestionnairesthat38theirlevelsofimpulsivenessaswellashowtheyrespondtothepresenceoffood.Thestudentswerethentoldtheyhad$48.50forgroceryshopping,andwereaskedtofillanonlineshoppingcartwith“nutritious,39andtasty”foods.WhenCoffino40thenutritionalvalueofallthefoodineachperson’sonlineshoppingcart,shefoundthattherewasnolinkbetweenthefoodsapersonchoseandhowimpulsivethepersonwas.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 “Itdidn’t41howimpulsiveapersonwas,”Coffinosaid.“Thenutritional42didn’tvary.”Onlinegroceryshoppingcouldonedayserveasatypeofdietaryintervention(饮食干预),Coffinosaid.Often,whenpeoplebuygroceriesonline,theyneedtosearchforeachitemtheywant,as43tostrollingthroughastoreandsaying,forexample,“Oh,thosechipslookgood.”Online,moreplanningandthoughtisneeded.44,onlinegroceryshoppingmakespeoplemoreawareofhowmuchmoneythey’respending.Itcouldkeepthemfromaddingimpulsive45totheircarts,Coffinosaid.Shenotedthatthestudyhas46—forexample,nocontrolgroupwasused—andmuchmoreresearchisneeded.Futurestudiescouldcompareonlinegroceryshoppingtoin-storegroceryshopping,shesaid.35．A．countonB．giveupC．makeupD．stickto36．A．healthierB．lesshappyC．lesshealthyD．stronger37．A．expensiveB．junkC．healthyD．extra38．A．assessedB．decreasedC．provedD．qualified39．A．costlyB．affordableC．beautifulD．rare40．A．assumedB．calculatedC．releasedD．studied41．A．implyB．matterC．supportD．target42．A．elementsB．instructionsC．outcomesD．outlooks43．A．equalB．expectedC．opposedD．related44．A．BycontrastB．HoweverC．InadditionD．Therefore45．A．purchasesB．decisionsC．materialsD．consequences46．A．limitationsB．advantagesC．improvementsD．characteristics11.【上海市复兴高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Deliverance(解救)forDeliveryDrivers?ZOOOOOOOOM!!!Agustofair,thehumofspinningwheels,andaflashofcolorwhizzingpast.I’msurethatwehaveallsteppedintothecrosswalk,atonetimeoranother,andexperiencedthissudden,heart-stopping41.Iam,ofcourse,referringtodeliverydrivers42throughcrossroadstodelivertakeawayfood.Overthepastfewyears,deliverydrivershavebeencriticized,fined,andeven43forbreakingtrafficlawsacrossChina.Deliverydriversoften44redlights,disregardspeedlimits,andpaylittleattentiontopedestriancrossings.Buttheyalsooftenpaythe45price—eachyear,itseemslikefatalinjuriesinvolvingdeliverydriversareincreasing.46,sincedeliverydriversareusuallypoorlypaid,howmuchblamedothey学科网（北京）股份有限公司 reallydeserveforrunningagainsttheclock?Well,it47tobeacomplicatedissue.Recentlyanarticletitled“DeliveryDrivers,StuckintheSystem”wassharedwidelyonsocialmedia.Accordingtothearticle,48betweendeliveryservicesEle.meandMeituanhascausedeachapptotakeincreasinglyextrememeasurestoout-do(超过)theother.Thishasincludedtheshorteningofdeliverytimewindows.Ithasbeen49,inpart,throughacombinationofrewardsforearlydeliveryandseverepunishmentsforlatedelivery.Overtime,theplatformshaveonlyincreasedthese50ondrivers.Asaresult,driversfindthemselvesinadilemma(左右两难的困境)：breaktrafficlawsor,insomecases,losehundredsofyuaninearningsforlatedeliveries.Accordingtosurveysandreactionsonline,51caremuchwhethertheirdeliveriesareafewminuteslate,whilemostbelievethatitisnotworthriskingsomeone’slifefor.Inresponse,Ele.meandMeituanhaveaddedacombinationoffeaturesto52deliverytimesforslowelevatorsorbadweatherconditions.Althoughthesenew53cannotsolvetheunderlyingproblemsofintensecompetitionortheinherentdangersofdriving,theyshould,insomemeasure,startreducingsomeofthepressureondrivers.Inthemeantime,as54,wecanhelptomakelifefordeliveryriderssaferandeasier.55,beaconsideratepersonanddon’tleavethemwaitingfortoolong.Ifyouseeafooddeliveryguyrushingtowardyouonanescalatororintoadoor,considerstandingbackandlettinghimgofirst.Afterall,theyareputtingtheirlivesonthelinejusttodeliverourfood.41．A．frightB．delightC．painD．sorrow42．A．runningB．walkingC．rushingD．wandering43．A．arrestedB．firedC．blamedD．praised44．A．destroyB．ignoreC．observeD．interrupt45．A．everlastingB．dramaticC．slightD．final46．A．HoweverB．NamelyC．IndeedD．Surprisingly47．A．decidesB．refusesC．turnsoutD．takesturns48．A．comparisonB．contrastC．competitionD．cooperation49．A．adaptedB．achievedC．adoptedD．assumed50．A．motivationsB．advantagesC．pressuresD．skills51．A．someB．fewC．manyD．we52．A．reduceB．expandC．narrowD．extend53．A．actionsB．behaviorsC．featuresD．conditions54．A．humansB．consumersC．friendsD．taxpayers学科网（北京）股份有限公司 55．A．InonewordB．AsaresultC．ForexampleD．Onthecontrary12.【上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Peoplearelookingforwaystoreducetheircarbonfootprint.Purchasingpropertythatisenvironmentallyresponsibleisagoodinvestmentforthosewhoare55theirownhealthandthewell-beingoftheearth.Basedonthistrend,eco-communitiesarebeingdesignedwithagreen56inmind.DocksideGreeninVictoria,BritishColumbiaisoneofthem.Ifeverythinggoesaccordingtoplan,DocksideGreenwillbea57communityalongtheharborfrontofBritishColumbia’scapitalcity.Thecommunitywillbehometo2,500peopleandwill58residential,office,andretailspace.BuildersofDocksideGreenhavetheenvironmentinmindwitheverychoicetheymake.Theyensureproperventilation(通风),andguaranteeresidents100%freshindoorair.Buildingmaterials,suchaspaintsandwood,are59andnon-poisonous.Eco-consciousbuildersusebamboowhereverpossiblebecauseitgrowsfastanddoesnotrequire60togrow.Energyefficiencyisoneofthe61concernsineco-communities,suchasDocksideGreen.Notonlydoenergy-efficientappliancesandlightfixtures(照明设备)reducetheenvironmental62ofheatingandhotwater,buttheyalsosaveresidentsandbusinessownersmoney.DocksideGreenclaimsthathomeownerswilluse55%lessenergythanaverageresidentsinCanada.Residentswillhaveindividualwatermetres(水表)63studiesshowthatpeopleusearound20%lessenergywhentheyarebilledforexactlywhattheyuse.64,wateristreatedatDocksideGreenandreusedforflushingtoilets.Plannersofeco-communitiessuchasDocksideGreenmusttakethe65intoconsideration.DocksideGreenplansonreusing90%ofitsconstructionwaste.Theyalsoplantocontinueusinglocalsuppliersforalloftheirtransportandmaintenanceneeds.Thisisagreatwaytoreduce66.Docksideresidentswillbeencouragedtotakeadvantageofaminitransportsystemandbuyintothecommunity’scarshareprogram.Finally,plansareunderwayforahigh-techheatingsystemthatwilluse67energyinsteadoffossilfuels.Docksideresidentswill68excellentlocalserviceswithhigh-qualityhealthcare,shoppingandeducationattheheartofthecommunity,alongwithexcellentleisurefacilitiesandplentifulgreenopenspaces.Eco-communitieswillprefertheuseoflocally-sourcedgoodsandservices;theywillbe69placestolive,promotingasenseofcivicpride,responsibilityand,asthenamesuggests,community.55．A．ashamedofB．concernedaboutC．connectedwithD．proudof学科网（北京）股份有限公司 56．A．sceneB．memoryC．focusD．diet57．A．harmoniousB．digitalC．crowdedD．self-sufficient58．A．putasideB．belongtoC．consistofD．makeup59．A．naturalB．mixedC．historicD．fancy60．A．animalsB．pesticidesC．consumersD．conferences61．A．topB．embarrassingC．globalD．questionable62．A．convenienceB．advantageC．protectionD．impact63．A．forfearthatB．sothatC．becauseD．although64．A．HoweverB．InparticularC．ThereforeD．Inaddition65．A．imageB．futureC．labelD．decoration66．A．emissionsB．accidentsC．unemploymentD．crime67．A．traditionalB．man-madeC．renewableD．enough68．A．resultfromB．refertoC．contributetoD．benefitfrom69．A．desirableB．reliableC．recyclableD．imaginary  　　2　　watermetres学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司