2023年上海四校八大高一上学期期中英语试题精选集锦七 阅读六选四（试题版）.docx

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2023年上海市名校高一上学期期中英语试题精选集锦专题07：阅读六选四1.【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】2.【上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】3.【上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】4.【上海市交大附中2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题】5.【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】6.【上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】7.【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】8.【上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】9.【上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】10.【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】11.【上海市复兴高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】12.【上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】1.【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】LegoinChinaEngineersgatheraroundatable-sizedmodeloftheChinaArtMuseum,alandmarkofShanghai,addingairportsforhelicopters,carparksandotherimprovementswithcolorfulbricks.57LiYang,visitingforafewdaysfromShenzhen,hasbeenwaitingforherdaughterfortwohours.ZhuYunfei,watchinghisson,marvelsatthevariety:“Comingheretoplaywithhimismakingupformychildhood,”hesays.Theydropbyeveryweek.Lego’sriseinChinahasbeenshininglyattractive.In2017itoverlookAlphaGroup,alocalgiant,tobecomethecountry’sleadingtoycompany(notincludingvideogames).Inthepasttwoyearsithasopened89storesand学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2023年上海市名校高一上学期期中英语试题精选集锦专题07：阅读六选四1.【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】2.【上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】3.【上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】4.【上海市交大附中2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题】5.【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】6.【上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】7.【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】8.【上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】9.【上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】10.【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】11.【上海市复兴高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】12.【上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】1.【上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】LegoinChinaEngineersgatheraroundatable-sizedmodeloftheChinaArtMuseum,alandmarkofShanghai,addingairportsforhelicopters,carparksandotherimprovementswithcolorfulbricks.57LiYang,visitingforafewdaysfromShenzhen,hasbeenwaitingforherdaughterfortwohours.ZhuYunfei,watchinghisson,marvelsatthevariety:“Comingheretoplaywithhimismakingupformychildhood,”hesays.Theydropbyeveryweek.Lego’sriseinChinahasbeenshininglyattractive.In2017itoverlookAlphaGroup,alocalgiant,tobecomethecountry’sleadingtoycompany(notincludingvideogames).Inthepasttwoyearsithasopened89storesand学科网（北京）股份有限公司 wants50morebyDecember,whichwillbringitto30cities.ItsfirstChinesefactorystartedmakingbricksin2016.Thetoyindustryisgrowingby9%annuallyinthecountry,buttheDanishfirm’sChinesesectionhaswon“verystrongdoubledigits(两位数)”,saysPaulHuang,itsboss.58In2017Legocut1,400jobsandrecordeditsfirstdropinrevenuesandprofitsinoveradecade.Butlastyearbothtickedupagain,by4%each.Legohasthusretaineditsstatusastheworld’sbiggesttoy-maker,snatchedfromMattelin2014-evenasitsAmericanrivallastyearearneditshighestrevenuesinfiveyearsfromitsBarbiedolls.NewlywealthyparentsinChinahavehelpedLegorecover.“Wehavenotreachedtheextremeoutthere,byfar,”saysNielsChristiansen,whomLegobroughtinaschiefexecutivetwoyearsago.59Lastyear98%ofthosesurveyedbyLegosaidthatplaywasessentialfortheirchild’swell-being,evenmorethanAmericansandDanes.Legohasalsosensiblymanagedtomeetthedemandsoflocaltastes.60Fansweredelightedattheattentiontoculturaldetail.OnewasaChineseNewYear’sEvedinnerkit,withtinyredenvelopesandchunlian,luckycoupletsonbannerspastedarounddoorways.Adragonboatracesetincludedasticky-ricedumpling,apopularfestivalsnack.Thehigh-qualitykitsarepricey,costingupto700yuan($100)apiece.A．Ithasdonesoeventhoughthebrick-maker’sglobalbusinesshaslookedshakier.B．Ithasbeensoldingreatvolumeswithvariouskindsofsetsandearnedthefameasthemostsuitabletoysforchildrentoplaywith.C．RemovingachildfromLego’svastshopnearPeople’sSquarecanbelikeunstickingtwostubbornbitsofLego.D．Overthepastdecades,Lego’ssalesvolumeinChinaisnotassatisfyingasitexpected.E．AsintheWest,theeducationalmeritsofbricksappealtoChineseparents.F．ThisyearthefirmlaunchedseveralsetsspecificallyforChina,thefirsttimeithasdonesoforanycountry.2.【上海市复旦大学附属中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Weallregardreceivingpresentsasapleasantexperienceandyetitcanbeoneofthemostawkwardsituations.Itisoftendifficulttolookpleasedwhenyoureceiveagiftwhichisuselessorthewrongsize.47However,youhavenorighttochangeanarticlepurchasedjustbecauseitdoesnotfitorisnottoyourliking.Worsestill,theagreementonthesaleisbetweenthepersonwhoboughtitandtheshop.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 SoyouwillhavetotellyourfavouriteauntthattheT-shirtdoesnotfit.Butanexchangeisnotalwaysthatsimplebecausetherehastobeagoodreasonforit.48Forexample,ifthebuyerwastoldthataswitchwasvoice-operatedandlaterfoundoutitwasnot,thenactioncouldbetaken.Youwouldhavetherighttoreturnitandgetthemoneyback.Butifyouarereturningsomething,nomatterwhatthereasonis,youwillbeexpectedtohaveproofofpurchase.Ifthereceiptcannotbefound,thenitispossibletouseanotherproofofpurchasesuchasacreditcardreceipt.Ifallofthesehavebeenlost,youmayhavetorelyonawitness.Manybigstoreshaveamuchmoretolerantpolicytowardsreturnandseeitasagestureofgoodwilltoexchangegoodswithoutquestion.StoresincludingMarks&Spencerarewell-knownfortheir“noargument”policyonreturnedgoods.49Soifashoprefusestoexchangethegoodsortoofferarefund,thesellerislikelytobewithinhislegalrightsunlessthereissomethingwrongwiththegoods.Inthatcase,thebootisontheotherfoot.Youhaveeveryrighttodemandacashrefundorareplacement,butonlyifyouhavereturneditwithina“reasonable”time.50Someshopsandstoresexpectthingstobereturnedwithinaweekofpurchase,whileothersmaypermitamuchlongertimelimit.inanycase,ifyoureturnathingafterwhatisconsidereda“reasonable”time,thenallyouarelegallyentitledtoisthecostofrepair.A．Itisunlikeanythingyouwouldbuyforyourself.B．However,shoppersshouldrememberthisisaprivilege,notaright.C．Unfortunately,thelawdoesnotexplainwhatitmeantby“reasonable”.D．Allyoucandoisexchangeitafteryourfriendorrelativehasgonehome.E．Eitherthethinghastobebrokenorunsuitableforthejobitwasintendedtodo.F．Youshouldmakeclearwhatyourlegalpositionisbeforereturninggoodstotheshop.3.【上海市上海中学2022--2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Howdocompaniesdecidewhotosendoverseas?52Justfindsomeonewiththerightbackground,askthemiftheywantedtogo,andthatwasit.Soanengineerjustneededtobeabletoofferthetechnicalexpertiserequiredtodothejob,amanagersimplyneededtoknowtherightpeople,anaccountantneededtoknowhowthebooksworkedandnothingelse.IftheycouldspeakEnglish,thentheycouldprobablydothejob.Buttimesarechanging.Moreandmoreoverseasassignmentsarefailing.Thereason?Lackofinterculturalcompetence.Companieshavediscoveredthatfindingtherightpersonforthejobismuchmorethansimply学科网（北京）股份有限公司 identifyingthepersonwhocouldhavedonethejobifithadbeenintheirhomecountry.53Andthisfailureismorethanirritating.Itcostscompaniesalotofmoneytoreplacesomeonewhodoesnotfitin.Sohowdocompaniesjudgeifsomeonehastherightcompetenceforajobinanothercountry?54Aretheyinterestedinotherwaysofdoingthings?Cantheyseeadvantagesanddisadvantages,oronlytheirownviewpoint?Sensitivityisakeyfactortoo.Isthepersonabletodealwithotherwaysoflookingataproblem?Howdotheydealwithauthority?Whataboutmotivation?Aretheywillingtotreatotherswithrespectandunderstanding?Suchquestionscanbeansweredpartlybytheuseofquestionnairesandinterviews,butofcourseonlyrealexperiencecangivethefinalanswer.Sowhatelsecanacompanydotomakesurethatapersonisrightforanoverseasassignment?55Experiencedcolleaguescanalsobeusedtoeasesomeonethroughthefirststages.Andanotherkeyareaistomakesurethattherelativesreceivesimilarbackupandtraining:it’snogoodhavingahappyemployeewhoisunderpressurefromhisorherpartnertocomehome.A．Workingwithotherculturesisnotforeveryone.B．Onewayistraining,andmanycompaniesnowinvestsubstantialamountsofmoneytopreparepeopletocopewithlivingandworkinginanotherculture.C．Itusedtobesoeasy.D．Theidealpersonforanoverseasassignmenthastobedelegatedwhennecessary.E．Onewayistotryandfindouthowawaretheyareofothercultures.F．Theyneedtobeabletoacceptotherwaysofdoingthings.4.【上海市交大附中2022-2023学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题】AselectionfromthetrolleyThetrolleyproblemusedtobeapopularquestioninphilosophicalethics(伦理学).Itrunsasfollows:atrolley,oratrain,isspeedingdownatracktowardsajunction(三叉路口).Someevildoerhastiedfivepeopletothetrackahead,andanotherpersontothebranchline.Youarestandingnexttoalever(操纵杆)thatcontrolsthejunction.Donothing,andthefivepeoplewillbekilled.Pullthelever,andonlyonepersondies.Whatistheethicalcourseofaction?72Atrulyself-drivingcar,afterall,willhavetobegivenethicalinstructionsofsomesortbyitshumanprogrammers.Thathasledtoaboomfortheworld’sprofessionalethicists,whosuddenlyfindthemselves学科网（北京）股份有限公司 inhotdemand.InapaperjustpublishedinNature,ateamofpsychologistsandcomputerscientists,ledbyEdmondAwadoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),describeadifferentapproach.73Theycreatedawebsitewhichpresentsvisitorswithaseriesofchoicesaboutwhomtosaveandwhomtokill.Thewebsiteprovedahit.Intheenditgatherednearly40mdecisions.Thestrongestpreferences,expressedbyrespondentsfromallovertheworld,wereforsavinghumanlivesoveranimalones,preferringtosavemanyratherthanfewandprioritisingchildrenovertheold.74IyadRahwan,acomputerscientistatMITandoneofthepaper’sauthors,saysthatmanypeopledismissthetrolleyproblemaspointlessasitisunlikelytoariseinreallife.Heisunconvinced.Thespecificsituationsdescribedbythewebsitemayhardlyeveroccur,hesays.75Hegivestheexampleofovertakingcyclists:“Ifyoustayrelativelyneartothecyclelane,you’reincreasingthechanceofhittingacyclist,butreducingthechanceofhittinganothercarinthenextlaneover,”hesays.A．Butallsortsofchoicesmadebythefirmsproducingself-drivingcarswillaffectwholivesandwhodiesinindirectways.B．Ratherthanaskingphilosophersfortheirthoughts,theydecidedinsteadtoaskthepublic.C．Thatseemstoconflictwithmostpeople’smoralpreferences.D．Thepreferenceforsavingwomen,forinstance,wasstrongerinplaceswithhigherlevelsofgenderequality.E．Therewereweakerpreferencesforsavingwomenovermen,pedestriansoverpassengersinthecarandfortakingactionratherthandoingnothing.F．Theexcitementaroundself-drivingcars,though,hasmadetheproblemfamous.5.【上海市建平中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】TraveltheWorldbyBikeRachelHugensmetherhusband,Patrick,whilebicycletouring.TheHugenses,wholiveinBoise,whennotontheirbikes,recentlywentontheirlatestround-the-worldadventure.Theyvisited36countriesonatour,touchingEurope,Africa,AsiaandSouthAmerica.“Travelingbybikeistheultimatefreedom,”Rachelsaidviaemail.“Onabike,youbecomepartofthescenery.Thelandscapeisnotframedbyawindow.45”Agrowingcommunity学科网（北京）股份有限公司 DennisSwift,secretaryoftheSouthwestIdahoMountainBikingAssociation,rodeacrosstheU.Slastyear–fromSeattletoSalem,Massachusetts.Sixpeoplestartedthetourandthreefinished,riding52outof56days.Theyaveragedabout60milesperridingday.“Wetookquiteafewpictures;wedidn’tkeepourheaddownthewholeway,”Swiftsaid.“Wegottomeetdifferentpeople.It’sthepeoplethatareprobablymostimportant.”SwiftalsorodethroughtheBasqueCountrywithagroupofBoisecyclistslastyear.He’splanningtoparticipateinaVirginiabiketourthisyear.“Whenyougetolder,yourhealthisthenumberonepriority.”hesaid,“46”Seeingtheplacesinbetween“Travelingbybicycleforcesyoutovisittheplacesinbetweenthatmanybackpackerstravelingbybuswouldpassby,”Patricksaid.“47”Thechallenges,beyondtheobviousmentalandphysicalenergyrequired,includenavigatingvisarequirements,foodchoices,languagebarriers,poorridingsurfacesandboxingbikesforairtravel,Rachelsaid.FinancialflexibilitytotravelThisisthethirdtimethatthecouplehasquittheirjobstotour.Rachelisaregisterednurse;Patrickisanarchitect.Bothregainedtheirformerjobswhentheyreturnedhomein2000and2007.They’reuncertainwhatwillhappenthistime.They’vegiventhemselvesfinancialflexibilitybypayingofftheirhome,commutingtoworkbybikeandavoidingsomeofthebillsthatareimportantpartsformost(cellphones,cableTV).Theytravelwitha$50dailybudget.“48”Rachelsaid.“We’vemetsomecycliststravelinglongtermona$10dailybudget.Theycantravelaslongastheirmoneylasts,sothey’remotivatedtospendwisely.”A．BiketourismisontheriseintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld,accordingtotheAdventureCyclingAssociation.B．Slowly,youcanseesnapshotsofpeople’sdailylivesandinteractwiththem.C．Travellingaltersyourattitudetowardsthewholeworld.D．What’sgoodfortheheartisgoodforthebrain,soridingandstayingfitissortofapriorityinmylife.E.Travelingchangesyourviewofmoneyandwhatitcandoforyou.F.Everytimeyoumakearoadsidestop,youhavetheopportunitytomeetpeopleorseesomethingnew.6.【上海市大同中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】学科网（北京）股份有限公司 WhatMakesRisk-TakersTemptFate?Momentsbeforethrowingherselfoffathousand-footcliff,StephDavisfeelsasurgeoffearandexcitement.Asshepushesawayfromtheedge,thesemixedfeelingsgivewaytoanintenserush,thendeepfocus.Shemustpositionherbodyjustsoforherwingsuit(滑翔服)tofillwithair.Then,shemustopenherparachute(降落伞)atpreciselytherightmomentandnailherlanding,oftenwithinthespanof60seconds.39Inthefaceofsuchfatalconsequences,whyaresomepeoplestilldrawntoriskyattempts?Theanswermaylieinacomplexmixofgenetic,environmentalandpsychologicalfactors.Evenbeforeweareborn,ourappetiteforriskmaybemappedoutinourDNA．CynthiaThomson’sstudyfoundthatindividualswhoreportedriskierbehaviorusuallysharedasimilargeneticconstitution(构成).Scientistsbelievethatpeoplewiththisgeneticvariantproducemoredopaminereceptors.“Sotheyneedtoseekoutintensesituationstobringuptheirdopaminelevels,”saysThomson.40Severalstudieshaveshownthatrisk-takingbehaviorislinkedtotheearliestbonds(关系)weformwithourprimarycaretakers.Thosewithlesssecureattachmentsaremorelikelytoengageindangerousactivities.Thereisthecommonideathatextremesportsenthusiastsarechasingthrills.ButTimWoodman,aprofessorattheBangorUniversityinWales,suggeststhatitisaboutsomethingaltogetherdifferent:emotionregulation.Inhisview,thosewhotakepartinhigh-risksportsoftenhavedifficultyexperiencingemotions,aconditioncalledalexithymia.41“It’srewardingbecausethey’vemovedfromafeelingofinadequacytoasenseofachievement,”saysWoodman.Foryears,professionalskiers,BASEjumpers,andclimbershavearguedthattheyarenotreckless(鲁莽的).42Whatpeoplegetfromextremesportsisdeeplytransformational—asenseofconnectingwithadeepsenseofselfandbeingauthentic,apowerfulrelationshipwiththenaturalworld,asenseoffreedom.Theygetastrongsenseoflivinglifetoitsfullestasiftouchingtheirfullpotential.A．Now,researchsuggeststhattheyareright.B．Theyseekoutextremesportsasawaytoactuallyfeel.C．Extremesportssuchaswingsuitingaregainingpopularity.D．However,mostscientistsagreethatpersonalityisacomplexmixofenvironmentalandgeneticinfluences.E．Theyareactuallyextremelywell-preparedathleteswithhighlevelsofself-awarenessandadeepknowledgeoftheenvironment.F．AccordingtoastudybytheUniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine,76percentofwingsuitershave学科网（北京）股份有限公司 experiencedaclosecall.7.【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】GunshaveaspecialplaceinAmericanculture,andthoughnoteveryoneagreesonwhetherornottheyareagoodthing,thereisnomistakingthattheywillbepartoftheculturallandscapeforsometime.Toanswerthequestion,no,noteveryonehasagun.72Americansusegunsforoneoftwouses:eitherforsport,wheretheycanusethemonfiringrangesorforhuntinginapprovedareas,orforself-protection.Thelatteriswheremostpeoplebegintotakesides,eitherarguingfortheremovalofgunsfromsocietyorallowingmorepeopletohavethem.Thereareorganizationsandcommunitygroupsforbothsidesandbothsideshavestrongfeelings.Legally,therearerestrictionsongunowners.73Onlycertainkindsofweaponscanbepurchasedbythepublic,andthatexcludesautomaticweaponandmilitarygradeweaponry.Gunownersmusttransporttheirweaponinasafeway,unloadedandinmostcases,outofsight.Special—concealedcarrypermitsfromthepolicestationmustbeobtainedforpeoplewhowanttowearweapon,andmostpeoplearerejectedforthiskindofpermit.74Criminalsstealgunsorbuythemillegallytocommitcrimes,andthenewsisfullofterriblestoriesofwhathappenednext.Occasionallyachildwillgetaholdoflegalweaponandaccidentallyhurtthemselvesorothers.Itisimportanttoremember,however,thatthenewsstoriesthatmaketheUnitedStatesseemlikeadangerousplacearedeceiving;gunsarenoteverywhereorconstant.75Afterall,Americaisasafeplacetolive.A．Youareonlyallowedtopurchaseafirearmifyouhavehadabackgroundcheckandmeetcertainlegalrequirements.B．TherehavebeenmanyenlighteningarticlesonguncontrolinAmerica.C．IfyouweretovisittheUnitedStatesfortwomonthstheonlygunyoumightseeisinamuseumoronapoliceofficer.D．LessthanfiftypercentofhomesintheUnitedStatesownweapons,andmanyofthosehomesareinruralareaswheregunsmayhaveagreateruse.E．Morepeoplearedecidingtolegalizetheirguntransactionsinsteadofbuyingthemontheblackmarket.F．WhatalarmspeoplethemostaboutAmericangunculturearetheillegalgunsandshooting,whichmakesomeplacesfeelunsafe.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 8.【上海市延安中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】TheTragicStoryBehindPabloPicasso’sMasterpieceWhatwouldbethebestwaytodaytoprotestagainstawar?Howcouldyouinfluencethelargestnumberofpeople?In1937,theSpanishartistPabloPicassoexpressedhisangeratwarwithGuernica,hismuralsizedpaintingdisplayedtomillionsofvisitorsattheParisWorld’sFair.Ithassincebecomethe20thcentury’smostpowerfulindictment(控诉)againstwar,apaintingthatstillfeelsintenselyrelevanttoday.Muchofthepainting’semotionalpowercomesfromitsoverwhelmingsize,about3.49meterstalland7.76meterswide.Guernicaisnotapaintingyouobservewith6;spatialdetachment(空间上的超然).54.AndalthoughthesizeandmultiplefiguresreferencethelongtraditionofEuropeanhistorypaintings,thispaintingisdifferentbecauseitchallengesratherthanacceptstheideaofwarasheroic.GuernicaisbasedontheeventsofApril27,1937,whenAdolfHilter’spowerfulGermanairforcebombedthevillageofGuernicainnorthernSpain,acityofnostrategicmilitaryvalue.Foroverthreehours,25bombersdropped100,000poundsofexplosivesandbombsonthevillage.Twentymorefighterplanesstrafed(低空扫射)andkilleddefenselesscivilianstryingtoescape.Thedestructionwashorrifying:Firesburnedforthreedays,and70percentofthecitywasdestroyed.Athirdofthepopulation,1,600civilians,werewoundedorkilled.OnMay1,1937,newsofthebombingreachedParis.55.Afterhundredsofsketches,thepaintingwasdoneinlessthanamonthandthendeliveredtotheFair’sSpanishPavilion.TheentirepavilionshockedtheworldintoconfrontingthesufferingoftheSpanishpeople.Onfirstglance,Guernica’scompositionappearsconfused,throwingtheviewerintothemidstofintenselyviolentaction.Thespaceisambiguous(不明确的)withtheshiftingperspectivesandmultipleviewpointscharacteristicofPicasso’searlierCubiststyle.56.However,thereisinfactavisualorder.Picassobalancesthecompositionbyorganizingthefiguresintothreevertical(垂直的)groupingsmovinglefttoright,whilethecenterfiguresarestabilizedwithinalargetriangleoflight.TherehasbeenalmostendlessdebateaboutthemeaningoftheimagesinGuernica.Whenquestionedaboutitspossiblesymbolism,Picassosaid,“Itisn’tuptothepaintertodefinethesymbols.Otherwise,itwouldbebetterifhewrotethemoutinwords.Thepublicwholookatthepicturemustinterpretthesymbolsastheyunderstandthem.”57.Perhapsitisthatveryambiguity,orthefactthatcruelwarscontinuetobefought,thatkeepsGuernicaastimelessanduniversallyrelatabletodayasitwasin1937.A．Intheend,thepaintingdoesnotappeartohaveoneexclusivemeaning.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 B．Thistechniquefurtherdemonstratestheboundariesoffragmentedfigures,explicatingwhatisrealityandwhatisillusion.C．Itfeelslikeitwrapsaroundyou,immersingyouinitslarger-than-lifefiguresandaction.D．Imagesoverlapandintersect,makingithardtodistinguishtheirboundaries.E．Ascompensation,PicassowasprovidedwithastudioinParislargeenoughtoaccommodatetheenormouscanvasonwhichtocreatethework.F．Picasso,sympathetictothegovernmentofhishomeland,washorrifiedbythereportsofdevastationanddeath.9.【上海市格致中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】HaveyoueverheardofBigDataorareyoufamiliarwithDataScientistsandDataEngineers?Theyareprobablynewjobtitles,butthecorejobroleshavebeenaroundforawhile.Traditionally,anyonewhoanalyzeddatawouldbecalleda“dataanalyst”andanyonewhocreatedbackendplatformstosupportdataanalysiswouldbea“Businessintelligence(BI)Developer”.40Here’sanoverviewoftherolesoftheDataAnalyst,BIDeveloper,DataScientistandDataEngineer.DataAnalystsareexperienceddataprofessionalsintheirorganizationwhocanquestionandprocessdata,providereports,summarizeandvisualizedata.Theyhaveastrongunderstandingofhowtoinfluenceexistingtoolsandmethodstosolveaproblem.41.However,theyarenotexpectedtodealwithanalyzingbigdata,noraretheytypicallyexpectedtohavethemathematicalorresearchbackgroundtodevelopnewalgorithmsforspecificproblems.Skills:DataAnalystsneedtohaveabaselineunderstandingofsomecoreskills:statistics,datamunging,datavisualization,exploratorydataanalysis,Tools:MicrosoftExcel,SPSS,SPSSModeler,SAS,SASMiner,SQL,MicrosoftAccess,Tableau,SSAS.42.Andthentheycollectrequirements,design,andbuildBIandreportingsolutionsforthecompany.Theyhavetodesign,developandsupportnewandexistingdatawarehouses,ETLpackages,dashboardsandanalyticalreports.Additionally,theyworkwithdatabases,bothrelationalandmultidimensional,andshouldhavegreatSQLdevelopmentskillstointegratedatafromdifferentresources.Theyusealloftheseskillstomeettheenterprise-wideself-serviceneeds.BIDevelopersaretypicallynotexpectedtoperformdataanalyses.DataEngineersarethedataprofessionalswhopreparethe“bigdata”infrastructuretobeanalyzedbyData学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Scientists.43.Then,theywritecomplexqueriesonthat,makesureitiseasilyaccessible,workssmoothly,andtheirgoalisoptimizing（优化）theperformanceoftheircompany’sbigdataecosystem.TheymightalsorunsomeETL(Extract,TransformandLoad)ontopofbigdatasetsandcreatebigdatawarehousesthatcanbeusedforreportingoranalysisbydatascientists.A．Inthiscase,thecuriousDataScientistisexpectedtoexplorethedata,comeupwiththerightquestions,andprovideinterestingfindings!B．BusinessintelligenceDevelopersaredataexpertsthatinteractmorecloselywithinternalstakeholderstounderstandthereportingneeds.C．Withtheemergenceofbigdata,newrolesbeganpoppingupincorporationsandresearchcenters--namely,DataScientistsandDataEngineers.D．Thisiswhyitisessentialtoknowcomputersciencefundamentalsandprogramming,includingexperiencewithlanguagesanddatabase(big/small)technologies.E．Andtheyalsohelppeoplefromacrossthecompanyunderstandspecificquestionswithad-hocreportsandcharts.F．Theyaresoftwareengineerswhodesign,build,integratedatafromvariousresources,andmanagebigdata.10.【上海市七宝中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Isbreakfastreallythatimportant?Withalmost20%ofpeoplereportingskippingthefirstmealoftheday,peoplearewonderingwhetherbreakfastisreallythatimportant.Well,theoverwhelmingmajorityofresearchsupportsthatbreakfastismorethansomethingyourMomnaggedyouabout.57.TheNationalWeightControlRegistryistrackingover10,000Americanswhohavelostsignificantamountsofweightandkeptitoffforlongperiodsoftime.58.Otherlargestudieshavelinkedeatingbreakfasttodecreasedwaistlines.Skippingbreakfastmayturnouttobeoneoftheworstbarrierstoyourweightlossefforts,forcertainindividuals.Itisbecausenoteatingbreakfastmayleadtotheirincreasedamountsoflate-nightsnacking.59.Academicperformanceisassociatedwitheatingbreakfastinchildrenandteens,includingimprovementsinreading,mathandscience.Nutritioncanimprovecognitivefunction,anddeficienciesofkeyvitaminsandmineralsarelinkedtodecreasedconcentrationandcognition.Moreover,skippingbreakfastleadstomalnutritionandlackofspecificnutrients,whichislinkedtoaggressionandproblembehaviors.60.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A．Alargepercentageofparticipants,around78%,claimthatitisadailyroutineforthemtohavethismealinthemorning.B．Forexample,therearestrongandconsistentlinkstoincreasedbullyingbehaviorwithskippingbreakfastinbothboysandgirls.C．However,manypeopleskipbreakfastorsubstituteadonut(炸面圈)andacupofcoffeeforawell-balancedmeal.D．Actuallyitturnsouttobeanimportantdailybehaviourthatbenefitspeopleindifferentaspects.E．Whilebreakfasthasitsbenefits,itmightnotbethemostimportantmeal.F．Benefitsofbreakfastgowaybeyondphysicalaspectsofhealth.11.【上海市复兴高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】TipstoKeepYourPersonalItemsSafeWhileTravellingYoumightbesurprisedtohearthateveninthelimitedspaceofanairplane,theftsstilldooccur.Inacasereported,twomenonboardaflightwerearrestedafterbeingsuspectedofstealingcashfromfellowpassengers’mid-flight.76Whileairlinesdon’tadvertisethefact,they’renotasrareasyoumaythink.Therearesometipstoensureyoudon’tbecomethevictimofsuchcrimes.77Thisisespeciallyimportantifyouhaveablack,featurelessbag.Forexample,youcansewasymbolonitorwriteyourinitialsonthebag.Keepyourvaluablessuchascash,yourIDandpassport,andjewelleryinasmallbagthatyoucanplaceundertheseatinfrontofyou.Restyourfeetonyourbagtomakesurenoonegetsclosetothebag.78Ittakesjustafewsecondsforexperiencedthievestostealyourbag,sonevergivethemtheopportunitybyleavingitunattended.79Forexample,youcandivideyourcashintothreeportionsandkeepsomeinyoursmallbag,someinapairofjeansthat’srolledupinyourcheckedbaggage,andsomeinyourtoiletriesbag(化妆包).Inthisway,evenifyouloseonestashofmoney,youwillnotbeleftwithabsolutelynocash.A．Toensureyougetenoughstorageroom,trytoboardtheflightearly.B．Bringitwithyouwheneveryouleaveyourseat.C．Thieveswon’tspendtoolongonlockedbagsasitmaydrawattentiontothemselves.D．Caseslikethisareknownasin-flight,ormid-flightthefts.E．Keepyourcashorcreditcardsindifferenthidingplaces.学科网（北京）股份有限公司 F．Makesureyourbagiseasilyrecognizablesothievescan’tjustswitchitoutwithasimilarlookingbag.12.【上海市南洋模范中学2022-2023学年高一上学期期中英语试卷】Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Uniformhastobeseenassomethingthatisearned.B.Schooluniformisalsoagreattooltopreventbullying.C.Somestudentscomplainthatschooluniformismonotonous.D.Inmyexperience,uniformhelpsschoolsmaintainauthority.E.However,aschoolshouldnotrelyheavilyonuniformregulation.F.Learningtofitinisoneofthethingsbeingatschoolthatteachesourchildren.ToWearorNottoWearAfterastrictheadteacherintheU.K.sent80studentshomeforuniformviolations,theGuardianheldadiscussionaboutwhetherwearingschooluniformsmakesadifference.Schooluniformisveryimportant.Itdoesimprovemyconcentration,becauseitremindsmethatI’matschooltolearn.ButI’mnotsureifthat’sbecauseI’musedtowearinguniformandassociatemyownclotheswithfreetime.____67___Ifeveryoneiswearingthesameclothes,it’simpossibletomakefunofotherpeople’sclothing.Idon’tthinkthisignoresachild’sneedtoexpressthemselves.--DavidHershman,astudentatStaffordgrammarschool___68___Studentsshouldstartschoolwithnouniform.Astheyprogressthroughtheschool,theystartwearingit.Ialwaysthinkchildrenneedtobeproudoftheirschool,anduniformisimportantforthat.So,makethemearnit!Iftheylettheschooldown,theyshouldn’tbeallowedtowearit.LookattheMarines（海军陆战队）theycan’twaittogetthatberet（贝雷帽）.--TimFrancis,aformerteacherIhavehadexperienceofteachinginbothuniformandnon-uniformschools.Icandefinitelyseethebenefitsofstudentswearinguniform.Uniformcanbeimportantincreatingasenseofschoolidentityandcommunity.Itisoftenasourceofcollectiveprideforstudents.__69_Teachingstudentshowtoexpressthemselveswithconfidence,ratherthanthelengthoftheirtie,shouldbethepriority.--EnayahByramjee,aneducationaldevelopmentdirector学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Inaperfectworld,schooluniformwouldnotexist.Childrenwouldexpresstheirpersonalitiesthroughtheirclothesatschool,justastheydoathome.Schoolwouldn’timpressonpupilstheneedtowearskirtstoacertainlength.Wedon’tliveinaperfectworld,however.___70___Myhouseisoftenfilledwithuniform-wearinggirls.Thebestthingaboutuniform,formeasaparent,isthesimplicity.--JoannaMoorhead,amotheroffour学科网（北京）股份有限公司