山东省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期诊断性测试英语 Word版含解析.docx

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高三诊断性英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C.1.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Thecomputerhasbrokendown.B.Somethingiswrongwiththewebpage.C.HercomputerisdisconnectedfromtheInternet.2.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$4.B.$12.C.$16.3.Whereistheman’sphonemostprobably?A.Inthesittingroom.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthekitchen.4.Whatkindofholidaydoesthemanprefer?A.Acampingholiday.B.Aridingholiday.C.Aclimbingholiday.5.Whatwilltheweatherbelikeineasternareastomorrowafternoon?A.Sunny.B.Cloudy.C.Rainy.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatcountrydoesthegirllivein?A.Australia.B.Canada.C.China.7.Whydoesthegirlhavenoaccent? A.Becauseshestudieswell.B.Becauseshemovesalot.C.Becauseshepracticesalot.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Neighbors.C.Teacherandstudent.9.Whatisthemanmostworriedabout?A.Theairpollution.B.Thetrafficjam.C.Thefrequentnoise.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whoisdishonest?A.Thewoman.B.Paul.C.Barry.11.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Sheiscareless.B.Sheisimpolite.C.Sheisnotshy.12.Whenisthewoman’sbirthday?A.OnTuesday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSunday.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Attherecyclingcenter.B.Athome.C.Intheoffice.14.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewastedpaper?A.Cautious.B.Angry.C.Curious.15.Whatwastewillthemandowith?A.Paper.B.Cans.C.Plasticbottles.16.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?APrepareboxesfordifferentwastes.B.Reducetheuseofcollectionboxes.C.Stopusingpaperandwaterbottles.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowmanyshopsarethereinLakeside?A.320.B.13,000.C.50,000.18.WhydoesLakesidestayopenuntil10pm?A.Itcanprovidethebestserviceforshoppers. B.Eveningshoppersspendmuchmoremoney.C.Manypeopleenjoyshoppingintheevening.19.WhatdoweknowaboutLakeside?A.Ithas30banks.B.Ithasapostoffice.C.Ithas13restaurants.20.WhatcanshoppersdoatLakesideaftershopping?A.Haveamealandrelax.B.SwimatAlexandraLake.C.Sleepintheshoppingcenter.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThisyear,wearedelightedtolaunchthefirsttimeAmericanShortFiction(ASF).FromThursday,May26,toMonday,May30,wewillwelcometwenty-fourwriterstoAustintostudywithshort-storymastersKarenRussellandDantielW.Monizoverthecourseoffiveinspiring,enlighteningdays.Participantswillattenddailyfictionworkshops,one-on-onemeetingswithdistinguishedfaculty,andcraftlecturesbyfaculty,specialguests,andASFeditors.We’llprovidespacetocreatenewworkandmakelastingconnectionsintheatmosphereofthesights,sounds,andswimmingholesofAustin.HowtoApplyApplicationsaredueFebruary15by11:59pm.Toapply,pleasesendusadouble-spacedwritingsampleofupto25pagesthroughoursubmittableapplicationsite(https://american-shortfiction.org/workshop/).Thereisanon-refundable$20applicationfee.WewillinformapplicantsoftheiracceptancebyemailonorbeforeMarch15.Tuitionfortheworkshopis$1,800,whichdoesnotincluderoomandboard.Weareworkingwithalocalhotelwithinwalkingdistanceofourofficeforadiscountedblockofrooms,andyouarealsowelcometoseekoutaccommodationsonyourown.ScholarshipsandFinancialAidWeareproudtoofferfinancialassistancetoattendtheworkshopintheformoftwoscholarshipsandtwofellowships.Ourmerit-based(基于优秀的)scholarshipswillcomewitha50%reductionintuition.Ourfellowshipsareneed-based,andcovertheentirecostoftheworkshopandaccommodations.Writersfromhistoricallyunderservedcommunitiesareencouragedtoapply.1.Whatcantheparticipantsdoattheworkshop?A.Welcometwenty-fourwriters.B.StudywithDantielW.Moniz. C.Makelecturesatfictionworkshops.D.Providespacetocreatenewwork.2.Whendoestheapplicationclose?A.February16by00:00am.B.March15by00:00am.C.Thursday,May26by11:59pm.D.February15by11:59am.3.Howmuchwillaparticipantwithscholarshipspendatleast?A.$900.B.$1,820.C.$1,800.D.$920.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了今年首次推出的美国短篇小说工作坊的相关信息，包括内容、申请、费用等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“FromThursday,May26,toMonday,May30,wewillwelcometwenty-fourwriterstoAustintostudywithshort-storymastersKarenRussellandDantielW.Monizoverthecourseoffiveinspiring,enlighteningdays.(从5月26日（星期四）到5月30日（星期一），我们将欢迎24位作家来到奥斯汀，与短篇小说大师凯伦·罗素和丹提尔·W·莫尼兹一起学习，为期五天)”可知，参加者可以在工作坊与丹提尔·W·莫尼兹一起学习。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“ApplicationsaredueFebruary15by11:59pm.(申请截止日期为2月15日晚上11点59分)”可知，申请截止日期为2月16日凌晨00:00。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Thereisanon-refundable$20applicationfee.(有20美元的申请费是不可退还的)”第四段第一句“Tuitionfortheworkshopis$1,800,whichdoesnotincluderoomandboard.(研习班的学费是1800美元，不包括食宿)”以及最后一段第一句的“Ourmerit-based(基于优秀的)scholarshipswillcomewitha50%reductionintuition.(我们的基于成绩优秀的奖学金将提供50%的学费减免)”可知，获得奖学金的学员最少要花（$1,800*50%+$20）920美元。故选D项。BComposerGeorgeLamhasalwayslikedwritingmusicinspiredbyplaces.“TherearealltheseplacesinChinatownthatarebothhiddenandmeaningful,”hesays,steppingoutofthewayofpassers-bywhileleadingatouroftheneighborhood.“Touncoversomeofthosehiddenthingsinacitywalkthatyoumightnotordinarilynotice—Iwondered,isthereapieceinthat?” Itturnsoutthatthere’snotjustapiece,butawholeapp.LaminterviewedfiveChineseAmericansfromaroundthecountry,askingthemabouttheirexperiencesinChinatown,plusquestionsabouttheirancestors,theirfamiliesandtheirmemories.Hethensettheanswerstomusic,theinstrumentsdrawingattentiontoeachperson’sdistinctpatternofspeech.LamcreatedtheappFamilyAssociation.Hecallsthepiece—thefreeapp—FamilyAssociation,aftertheimportantfolkgroupsthatlinethestreetsoftheneighborhood.Chinesefamilyassociationshavebeenabridgebetweennewimmigrantsandmoreestablishedonessincethelate1800s.InChinatownsacrossthecountry,they’reaplacetofindresourcesoranapartment,talkbusinessorpolitics,maybegetaCOVIDshot.Butthey’realsoaplacetosocializewithpeoplewhosharesimilarexperiences.Fiveoftheneighborhood’sassociationsareanchors(锚点)fortheapp.Visitorsusethebuild-inmaptoseelocationsoftheassociations.Astheywalkclosertooneofthefamilyassociationbuildings,thefocusisononeofthefiveoralhistoryparticipants,tellingtheirstories.Thesestoriesaren’taboutthefamilyassociations;insteadthey’reabouttheChinese-Americanexperienceandhowthey’vefeltsupportedbyChinatown.ButLamthinksoftheappitselfasakindofvirtualfamilyassociation,connectingtheseChinese-Americanvoiceswitheachother,evenifthey’venevermet.Andhehopestoconnectwithvisitors,too—attheendofthesoundwalk,usersaregivenachancetorecordtheirownmemories.4.HowdidLamdealwiththeinterviewees’answers?A.Bysettingthemapart.B.Byorganizingtheminorder.C.Byaddingmusictothem.D.Byspreadingthemnationwide.5.Whataretheparticipants’storiesabout?A.WhentheycametoChinatowns.B.WhattheyexperiencedasChineseAmericans.C.Howthey’vefeltsupportedfromChina.D.WhytheychosetostayinChinatowns.6Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4?A.ChinatownplaysavitalroleinChineseAmericans.B.Lamnamedhisappafterthestreetoftheneighbourhood.C.AllChineseAmericanslivedinChinatownswhenfirstlyreachingAmerica.D.Chinesefamilyassociationshavebeenabridgeofimmigrantssince1800.7.WhatisLam’sexpectation?A.Topromotehisnewapp.B.ToconnectwithChinesecities. C.Torecordhisownmemories.D.Toassociatewithvisitors.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文文。主要介绍了作曲家林一直喜欢创作受地方启发的音乐，用音乐讲述华裔美国人的经历。创建了应用程序家庭协会—一种虚拟的家庭协会，并希望与访客建立联系。【4题详解】细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Hethensettheanswerstomusic,theinstrumentsdrawingattentiontoeachperson’sdistinctpatternofspeech.(然后，他设置音乐的答案，乐器会引起人们对每个人独特的讲话模式的注意。)”可知，Lam处理被采访人的回答的方式是添加音乐，故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“LaminterviewedfiveChineseAmericansfromaroundthecountry,askingthemabouttheirexperiencesinChinatown,plusquestionsabouttheirancestors,theirfamiliesandtheirmemories.(林采访了来自全国各地的五名华裔美国人，询问他们在唐人街的经历，以及关于他们的祖先、家人和记忆的问题。)”以及第五段“they’reabouttheChinese-Americanexperienceandhowthey’vefeltsupportedbyChinatown.(他们讲述的是华裔美国人的经历，以及他们如何感受到唐人街的支持。)”可知，参与者的故事是他们作为华裔美国人的经历，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。文章第四段讲到“InChinatownsacrossthecountry,they’reaplacetofindresourcesoranapartment,talkbusinessorpolitics,maybegetaCOVIDshot.Butthey’realsoaplacetosocializewithpeoplewhosharesimilarexperiences.(在全国各地的唐人街，他们是一个寻找资源或公寓、谈论商业或政治的地方，也许可以接种新冠疫苗。但他们也是一个与有相似经历的人交往的地方。)”可知，从第四段我们可得知唐人街在华裔美国人中扮演着至关重要的角色，故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。文章最后一讲到“Andhehopestoconnectwithvisitors,too—attheendofthesoundwalk,usersaregivenachancetorecordtheirownmemories.(他还希望在soundwalk结束时与访客建立联系，用户有机会记录自己的记忆。)”可知，Lam期待能与访客交往，故选D。CWhenrobotsappeartoengagewithpeopleanddisplayhuman-likeemotions,peoplemaythinkofthemascapableof“thinking”,oractingontheirownbeliefsanddesiresratherthantheirprograms,accordingtotheresearchpublishedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.“Therelationshipbetweenhuman-likeshape,human-likebehaviorandthetendencytoattribute( 把……归因于)independentthoughtandintentionalbehaviortorobotsisyettobeunderstood,”saidstudyauthorAgnieszkaWykowska,PhD,aprincipalinvestigatorattheItalianInstituteofTechnology.“Asartificialintelligenceincreasinglybecomesapartofourlives,itisimportanttounderstandhowinteractingwitharobotthatdisplayshuman-likebehaviorsmightcausehigherlikelihoodofattributionofintentionalagencytotherobot.”Acrossthreeexperimentsinvolving119participants,researchersexaminedhowindividualswouldseeahuman-likerobot,theiCub,aftersocializingwithitandwatchingvideostogether.Beforeandafterinteractingwiththerobot,participantscompletedaquestionnairethatshowedthempicturesoftherobotindifferentsituationsandaskedthentochoosewhethertherobot’smotivationineachsituationwasmechanicalorintentional.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhowatchedvideoswiththehuman-likerobotweremorelikelytoratetherobot’sactionsasintentional,ratherthanprogrammed,whilethosewhoonlyinteractedwiththemachine-likerobotwerenot.Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotisnotenoughtomakepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.Itishuman-likebehaviorthatmightbecrucialforbeingdeemedasanintentionalagent.AccordingtoWykowska,thesefindingsshowthatpeoplemightbemorelikelytobelieveartificialintelligenceiscapableofindependentthoughtwhenitcreatestheimpressionthatitcanbehavejustlikehumans.“Thiscouldinformthedesignofsocialrobotsofthefuture,”shesaid.8.Whatwereparticipantsaskedtodointheexperiment?A.Behavelikearobot.B.Completeaquestionnaire.C.Showpicturesoftherobot.D.WatchthebehavioroftheiCub.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”deemed“inparagraph4probablymean?A.Believed.B.Persuaded.C.Performed.D.Advocated.10.Whatcouldthefindingsbeappliedto?A.Addressingsometechniqueproblems.B.Creatingsocialrobotsjustlikehumans.C.Guidingthedesignoffuturesocialrobots.D.Developingartificialintelligenceindustry.11.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Human-likerobotscaninteractwithhumansB.Human-likerobotscanbehavejustlikehumansC.ArtificialintelligencehasbecomepartofourlivesD.Human-likerobotsmaybebelievedtohavementalstates 【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有着类似人类行为的机器人是否有独立思考的能力，研究者们对此进行了实验，并得出了一定的可能性。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Beforeandafterinteractingwiththerobot,participantscompletedaquestionnairethatshowedthempicturesoftherobotindifferentsituationsandaskedthentochoosewhethertherobot’smotivationineachsituationwasmechanicalorintentional.(在与机器人互动之前和之后，参与者完成了一份问卷，向他们展示了机器人在不同情况下的图片，然后要求他们选择机器人在每种情况下的动机是机械的还是有意的)”可知，参加者在实验中被要求完成一份调查问卷。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotisnotenoughtomakepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.(这表明，仅仅与类人机器人接触不足以让人们相信它有思想和情感)”可知，现在的研究并不能让人们相信类人机器人真正拥有思想和情感，这种类似人类的行为可能是被视为有意行为的关键。由此可知，划线词deemed与上文中的believe意思相近。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Thiscouldinformthedesignofsocialrobotsofthefuture,”shesaid.(“这可以为未来的社交机器人设计提供信息，”她说)”可知，研究结果可能被应用于对未来社交机器人设计的指导上。故选C。11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Whenrobotsappeartoengagewithpeopleanddisplayhuman-likeemotions,peoplemaythinkofthemascapableof“thinking”,oractingontheirownbeliefsanddesiresratherthantheirprograms(当机器人表现出与人类互动，并表现出类似人类的情感时，人们可能会认为它们能够“思考”，或者根据自己的信念和欲望而不是程序行事)”和最后一段中的“AccordingtoWykowska,thesefindingsshowthatpeoplemightbemorelikelytobelieveartificialintelligenceiscapableofindependentthoughtwhenitcreatestheimpressionthatitcanbehavejustlikehumans.(维科夫斯卡表示，这些发现表明，当人工智能给人留下它可以像人类一样行动的印象时，人们可能更容易相信它有独立思考的能力)”可知，本文主要讲述了有着类似人类行为的机器人可能具有独立思考的能力。由此可知，Human-likerobotsmaybebelievedtohavementalstates(类人机器人可能被认为具有精神状态)适合作本文标题。故选D。DAmethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(树脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallow makingbetteruseofplasticwaste,AteamofWashingtonStateUniversityresearchersdevelopedasimpleandefficientwaytotransformpolyacticacid(PLA)(聚乳酸),abio-basedplasticusedinproductssuchasfilament,plasticsilverwareandfoodpackagingtohigh-qualityresin.“Wefoundawaytoimmediatelyturnthisintosomethingthat’sstrongerandbetter,andwehopethatwillprovidepeoplewiththeinspirationtoupcyclethisstuffinsteadofjustthrowitaway,”saidYu-ChungChang,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofMechanicalandMaterialsEngineeringandaco-correspondingauthoronthework.“Wemadestrongermaterialsjuststraightoutoftrash.Webelievethiscouldbeagreatopportunity.”Althoughit’sbio-based,PLA,whichiscategorizedasanumber7plastic,doesn’tbreaddowneasily.Itcanfloatinfreshorsaltwaterforayearwithoutdegrading(降解).Itisalsorarelyrecycledbecauselikemanyplastics,whenit’smelteddownandre-formed,itdoesn’tperformaswellastheoriginalversionandbecomeslessvaluable.“It’sbiodegradableandcompostable,butonceyoulookintoit,itturnsoutthatitcantakeupto100yearsforittorotawayinalandfill,”Changsaid.“Inreality,itstillcreatesalotofpollution.WewanttomakesurethatwhenwedostartproducingPLAonthemillion-tonsscale,wewillknowhowtodealwithit.”WhiletheresearchersfocusedonPLAforthestudy,theyhopetoapplytheworktopolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)(涤纶树脂),whichismorecommonthanPLAandhasasimilarchemicalstructureandpresentabiggerwasteproblem.Theyhavefiledatemporarypatentandareworkingfurtheroptimize(优化)theprocess.Theresearchersanealsolookingintootherapplicationsfortheupcyclingmethod.12.Whatcanthemethodhelpdoaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Solvefinancialcrisis.B.Changewasteintowealth.C.ControlplasticproductionD.Determine3Dprintingskills13.WhatdoesYu-ChungChangthinkofthemethod?A.PromisingB.UnrealisticC.ImaginableD.Common14.Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofnumber7plastics?A.InvaluabletorecycleB.EasytodealwithC.HardtobreakdownD.Difficulttosortout.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Applicationsforanupcyclingmethod.B.Abettermethodtobreakdownplastic C.3DprintingwithnewlyfoundmaterialsD.Anewwaytoturnplasticintovaluableproducts.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了华盛顿州立大学的一组研究人员开发了一种简单而有效的方法，将塑料垃圾中的聚乳酸(PLA)转化为高质量的树脂从而转化为用于3D打印的树脂。12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Amethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(树脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallowmakingbetteruseofplasticwaste(一种将常见的丢弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾)”可知，该方法可以将平时丢弃的塑料垃圾转化为3D打印的树脂，即化废物为财富。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Wemadestrongermaterialsjuststraightoutoftrash.Webelievethiscouldbeagreatopportunity.(我们直接用垃圾做了更坚固的材料。我们相信这将是一个很好的机会。)”可知，Yu-ChungChang认为这种方法是有前途的。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Althoughit’sbio-based,PLA,whichiscategorizedasanumber7plastic,doesn’tbreaddowneasily.Itcanfloatinfreshorsaltwaterforayearwithoutdegrading(降解).Itisalsorarelyrecycledbecauselikemanyplastics,whenit’smelteddownandre-formed,itdoesn’tperformaswellastheoriginalversionandbecomeslessvaluable.(PLA虽然是生物基的，但被归类为7号塑料，不容易被腐蚀。它可以在淡水或盐水中漂浮一年而不降解。它也很少被回收，因为像许多塑料一样，当它被熔化和重新成型时，它的性能不如最初的版本，变得不那么有价值。)”可知，7号塑料很难被降解。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Amethodtotransformacommonlythrown-awayplastictoaresin(树脂)usedin3Dprintingcouldallowmakingbetteruseofplasticwaste(一种将常见的丢弃塑料转化为用于3D打印的树脂的方法可以更好地利用塑料垃圾)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述了华盛顿州立大学的一组研究人员开发了一种简单而有效的方法，将塑料垃圾中的聚乳酸(PLA)转化为高质量从而转化为用于3D打印的树脂，因此文章主要是关于“一种将塑料转化为有价值产品的新方法”，故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Yourfirstdayofschoolcanbeanervoustime.However,therearelotsofwaysthatyoucanprepareinadvancetohelpyourfirstdaygoassmoothlyaspossible.Locateyourclassesontheschoolmap.Ifyouaregoingtoabigschoolorcollege,it’sreallyusefultoknowwhereallyourclassesare.Printoutamapandhighlightwhereyourclassesare.____16____Checkyourschool’swebsiteforinformationaboutyourclasses.Somehighschoolsandcollegeshavewebsiteswherestudentscanloginandfindmessagesandmaterialsfromtheirteachers.____17____Youcanseeifthereareanymessagesorspecialmaterialsyouwillneedtoreview.____18____Onyourfirstdayofschool,youwillmostlikelybeaskedtoparticipateingames.Theseareagreatwaytogettoknowotherpeopleinyourclassbutcanbeabitnervewrackingifyoufeelshy.Practicesayingyourname,2factsaboutyourself,andwhereyouarefrom.Contactyourfriendsandseeifyouhaveanyofthesameclasses.Ifyoualreadyknowsomeoneatyourschool,askiftheyhaveanyofthesameclassesorlunchperiods.____19____Havingsomeoneyouknowwillhelpyoutofeelmorecomfortableinanewenvironment.Gotobedearlythenightbefore.Thiswillgiveyoulesstimetoworryaboutthenextday.Trytohavearelaxingeveningandgotobedatareasonabletime.____20____Otherwise,youmayenduplyinginbedfeelinganxious.A.Getupearlyincaseofbeinglate.B.Logintoyourschool’swebsitebeforethefirstday.C.Don’ttrytogotobedtoomuchearlierthanusual.D.Iftheydo,organizetomeetupbeforeclassorlunch.E.Preparesomeanswerstopopularicebreakerquestions.F.Ifyouarehavingtroublefindingyourclassroom,askstaffforhelp.G.Thiswillstopyoufromcompletelylosingyourheadonyourfirstday.【答案】16.G17.B18.E19.D20.C【解析】【导语】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了能够让上学第一天尽可能顺利地进行的几点建议。【16题详解】上文“Printoutamapandhighlightwhereyourclassesare.(打印一张地图，并突出显示您的课程所在位置)”说明地图的重要性在于不会让你晕头转向，因此G项“这将阻止你在第一天完全失去理智。”与上文一致，并且选项中的this指代上文，故选G。【17题详解】上文“Somehighschoolsandcollegeshavewebsiteswherestudentscanloginandfindmessagesandmaterials fromtheirteachers.(一些高中和大学有网站，学生可以登录网站，从老师那里找到信息和材料)”此处关键词是“websites”因此B项“在第一天之前登录学校的网站。”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】下文“Onyourfirstdayofschool,youwillmostlikelybeaskedtoparticipateingames.Theseareagreatwaytogettoknowotherpeopleinyourclassbutcanbeabitnervewrackingifyoufeelshy.(开学第一天，你很可能会被要求参加游戏。这是了解班上其他人的好方法，但如果你感到害羞，可能会有点紧张。)”中注意代词these指的是popularicebreakerquestions.因此E项“准备一些常见的破冰问题的答案。”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】上文“Ifyoualreadyknowsomeoneatyourschool,askiftheyhaveanyofthesameclassesorlunchperiods.(如果你已经在学校认识某人，问问他们是否有相同的课程或午餐时间)”此处说的是联系朋友的恰当的时间，因此D项“如果有，在上课或午餐前组织会面。”符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】上文“Gotobedearlythenightbefore.(前一天晚上早点睡觉。)”说的是睡眠问题，因此C项“不要比平时早睡太久。”符合语境，故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ImetMrs.Sasemysenioryearinhighschool.Iwas____21____greatlyinhermathclass.Ontopofbeingpooratmath,Iwas____22____theanxietiesthatcomewithbeingafoster(寄养的)youthandworryingdeeplyaboutthefuture.Ihadbeenlivingwithfosterparents,andour____23____wasthataftergraduationIwastomoveoutandbeginmylifeasanadult,atseventeen.Theburdenofthisanxietyresultedina____24____ofmotivationinschool.Mostteachersdidn’t____25____.Mrs.Sase,however,tooka____26____look.Shewalkedovertomydeskand____27____mealittlefoldednote.Itread,“Areyouokay?”Iwas____28____byhergenuinecareandinterestinmywell-being.Notonlywasshesensitiveenoughto____29____myreserve,shetookthetimetopersonallymakea_____30_____.ShelistenedasIsharedmymosthiddenfearsaboutmypastandthe_____31_____futurethatwasclosinginonme.She_____32_____towritemyletterofrecommendationwhenIdecidedtoapplyfortheGuardianScholarsprogram,aprogramcommittedto_____33_____college-boundstudentsexitingthefostercaresystem.Herletterwas_____34_____thought-outandmeaningfulanditissomethingthatIwillalwaystreasure. Mrs.SasegavemethesupportIneededto_____35_____thedifficultiesinmylife.Becauseofherinfluence,IcametobelievethatIcouldachieveacademicandpersonalsuccess.21.A.progressingB.talkingC.sleepingD.struggling22.A.dealingwithB.relyingonC.referringtoD.waitingfor23.A.commentB.assignmentC.agreementD.suggestion24.A.sourceB.lackC.formD.theory25.A.singB.careC.smileD.arrive26.A.closerB.coolerC.quickerD.stranger27.A.lentB.awardedC.orderedD.handed28.A.shockedB.embarrassedC.frightenedD.amused29A.rememberB.mentionC.noticeD.fix30.A.decisionB.differenceC.livingD.list31.A.brightB.peacefulC.distantD.uncertain32.A.promisedB.pretendedC.happenedD.hesitated33.A.impressingB.supportingC.describingD.respecting34.A.hardlyB.poorlyC.carefullyD.scarcely35.A.overcomeB.understandC.avoidD.imagine【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.B25.B26.A27.D28.A29.C30.B31.D32.A33.B34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的高中老师Mrs.Sase对他的关心与帮助，最终在该老师的影响下，作者变得自信，相信自己可以成功。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在她的数学课上苦苦挣扎。A.progressing进步；B.talking谈话；C.sleeping睡觉；D.struggling挣扎，奋斗。根据后文提示“Ontopofbeingpooratmath”，可知作者的数学成绩是班级倒数，所以空格处选struggling符合题意，呼应pooratmath。故答案为D。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：除了数学不好之外，我还要应对作为寄养青年的焦虑和对未来的深切担忧。A.dealingwith处理，应对；B.relyingon依赖；C.referringto提及；D.waitingfor等待。空格主语是I，宾语是anxieties，我还要“应对”各种焦虑符合题意。故答案为A。【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直和养父母住在一起，我们的协议是毕业后我要搬出去，在17岁的时候开始我的成人生活。A.comment评论；B.assignment任务；C.agreement协议；D.suggestion建议。our指代我和养父母，that引导的表语从句进一步解释了该空的内容，“aftergraduationIwastomoveoutandbeginmylifeasanadult,atseventeen”属于我和养父母达成的“协议”，同时呼应前文，这份“协议”也让作者作为寄养青年感到焦虑。故答案为C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种焦虑的负担导致了我缺乏学习动力。A.source源头；B.lack缺乏；C.form形式；D.theory理论。根据后文老师给作者的便条“Areyouokay?”可推知作者状态不好，所以种种焦虑导致了“缺乏”学习动力。故答案为B。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大部分老师都不在乎。A.sing唱歌；B.care关心，在乎；C.smile微笑；D.arrive到达。根据后文提示词however，可知前后句意呈转折关系，后文描述Mrs.Sase给我便条询问我的状况，由此推测出大多数老师并不“关心”我的情况。故答案为B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Mrs.Sase仔细看了看。A.closer更近的；B.cooler更冷的；C.quicker更快的；D.stranger更奇怪的。根据空前提示tooka和空后提示look，空处填形容词比较级closer，构成固定短语takeacloselook，表示“仔细看”，同时也呼应前文其他老师对我的情况漠不关心，形成对比。故答案为A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她走到我的桌子前，递给我一张折叠的小纸条。A.lent借；B.awarded授予；C.ordered命令，点餐；D.handed递。根据空后内容“mealittlefoldednote”，空处填handed符合题意，表示“递给”我一张折叠的小纸条。故答案为D。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对我的关心让我吃惊。A.shocked震惊的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.frightened害怕的；D.amused愉快的。由前文可知，大部分老师并不关注作者状况，所以Mrs.Sase突然的关心让作者没有想到，所以A选项符合题意。故答案为A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不仅很敏感，注意到了我的矜持，还花时间亲自去改变。A.remember记得；B.mention提及；C.notice注意；D.fix修复。由空前提示词sensitive，可知空处填notice符合题意，因为Mrs.Sase很敏锐，所以她“注意”到了我的异常情况。故答案为C。【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不仅很敏感，注意到了我的矜持，还花时间亲自去改变。A.decision决定；B.difference区别；C.living生活；D.list清单。根据空前提示词makea，空格处填difference，构成固定短语makeadifference，表示“起作用，改变”。同时呼应后文“She____12____towritemyletterofrecommendation”，说明Mrs.Sase付诸了实际行动来改变作者的生活。故答案为B。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她听着我诉说对过去最隐秘的恐惧，以及即将来临的不确定的未来。A.bright明亮的；B.peaceful和平的；C.distant遥远的；D.uncertain不确定的。并列词and说明前后句意相同或相近，所以该空填uncertain，“不确定”的未来和过去的生活都让作者感觉很恐慌。故答案为D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我决定申请监护人奖学金项目时，她答应为我写推荐信。该项目致力于支持即将进入大学脱离寄养系统的学生。A.promised承诺；B.pretended假装；C.happened发生；D.hesitated犹豫。根据前后文可知，Mrs.Sase是想要帮助作者的，所以此处“承诺”了给作者写推荐信。故答案为A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我决定申请监护人奖学金项目时，她答应为我写推荐信。该项目致力于支持即将进入大学脱离寄养系统的学生。A.impressing使印象深刻；B.supporting支持；C.describing描述；D.respecting尊重。作者决定申请这项目因为这项目对作者有好处，所以该项目“支持”像作者这种即将进入大学脱离寄养系统的学生。故答案为B。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的信是经过深思熟虑的，意义非凡，是我永远珍藏的东西。A.hardly几乎不；B.poorly贫穷地；C.carefully仔细地；D.scarcely几乎不。根据空后提示词“thought-outandmeaningful”可知空处填carefully符合题意，这封推荐信特别好，所以作者会好好珍惜。故答案为C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mrs.Sase给了我克服生活困难所需要的支持。A.overcome克服；B.understand理解；C.avoid避免；D.imagine想象。根据后文“Becauseofherinfluence,IcametobelievethatIcouldachieveacademicandpersonalsuccess.”在Mrs.Sase的影响下，我相信我可以成功，所以她给了我“克服”困难的支持。故答案为A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinaismuchmoreconcernedaboutlivelihoodprojects.Anotherprojectof____36____(channel)waterfromChina’sYangtzeRivertotheHanjiangRiver____37____(begin)constructioninJunethisyear.Withatotal ____38____(invest)of59.8billionyuan,theprojectisasupplementtothemiddlerouteofthecountry’sSouth-to-NorthWaterDiversionProject.Thenewprojectisexpected____39____(enhance)thewaterallocation(分配)capacityoftheHanjiangRiverBasinto____40____(far)ensurewatersupplytothedrynorth.TheSouth-to-NorthWaterDiversionProjecttransferswaterfromChina’swater-richsouth____41____thedrynorththroughthemiddle,easternandwesternroutes.Themiddleroute,themostprominentonedueto____42____(it)roleinfeedingwatertothenation’scapital,beginsattheDanjiangkoueservoirintheHanjiangRiverincentralprovinceofHubeiandrunsnortheastwardtoBeijingandTianjin.ItstartedsupplyingwaterinDecember2014.Chinahassteppedupthewaterprojectconstruction.10,644newwaterprojects____43____(value)at414.4billionyuanstartedconstructionin____44____firstfivemonthsoftheyear.Themoney_____45_____isinvestedinthecountry’swaterprojectconstructionwillbeover800billionyuanthisyear,accordingtotheofficialdata.【答案】36.channeling37.begins38.investment39.toenhance40.further41.to42.its43.valued44.the45.which##that【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国关心的民生项目——南水北调中工程。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个从长江引水到汉江的工程将于今年六月开工。空前有介词of，故空处动词需要变成动名词的形式；提示词为channel表示“输送”、“传送”，动名词形式为channeling。故填channeling。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：另一个从长江引水到汉江的工程将于今年六月开工。分析句子可知，空处为句子的谓语动词，主语为Anotherproject，为单数，begin常用一般现在时表将来，用于表示在时间上确定好或安排好的事情，故谓语动词需要用第三人称单数的形式。故填begins。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：该项目总投资五百九十八亿元，是南水北调中线工程的补充。根据空前形容词total 和空后介词of可知，空处需要填名词；invest意为“投资”，是动词，其名词形式为investment。故填investment。【39题详解】考查不定式。句意：新项目有望提高汉江流域的水资源分配能力，进一步确保干旱的北方地区的供水。固定短语beexpectedtodosth.意为“有望做某事”，故空处需要用到动词不定式的形式。故填toenhance。【40题详解】考查动词。句意：新项目有望提高汉江流域的水资源分配能力，进一步确保干旱的北方地区的供水。根据空前不定式to表目的可知，空处需要填动词；far为形容词，表示“远的”，其动词形式为further，表示“进一步”，符合句意。故填further。【41题详解】考查固定短语。句意：南水北调工程通过中线、东线和西线，将中国水资源丰富的南方的水调入干旱的北方。固定短语transferAtoB意为“把A转移到B”，符合句意。故填to。【42题详解】考查代词。句意：中线是最引人注目的一条，因为它的角色是为中国首都提供水源。空后为名词role，意为“角色”，故空处需要填形容词性物主代词指代上文的Themiddleroute。its意为“它的”，符合句意。故填its。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年前五个月，新开工水利项目一万零六百四十四个，估值四千一百四十四亿元。分析句子成分可知，后文started为谓语动词，故空处需要填非谓语的形式；主语10,644newwaterprojects和动词value“估价”为动宾关系，故要用过去分词形式表被动。故填valued。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：今年前五个月，新开工水利项目一万零六百四十四个，估值四千一百四十四亿元。结合句意可知，想表达“今年前五个月”需要用到the+first+数词+名词复数的形式，定冠词不能省略。故填the。【45题详解】考查定语从句。句意：据官方数据显示，今年我国水利工程建设投资将超过八千亿元。分析句子结构可知，空处需要填关系词引导定语从句，先行词为Themoney，从句中缺少主语，故需要用到关系代词that或者which。故填that/which。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分) 46.你的外教让你调查你班学生在课外提高英语写作能力的方法。请以“PracticingWritingAfterClass”为题写一篇短文，介绍你的调查结果，内容包括：1.学生的常用方法；2.你的评论；3.你的建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。PracticingWritingAfterClass________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】PracticingWritingAfterClassWritingisoneoftheEnglishskills,sothestudentsinourclassaretryingtoimproveit.Herearemyfindings.Moststudentsoftenreciteexcellentcompositions,whichcanhelpdevelopasenseoflanguage.Somelikewritingdiarieseveryday,whileotherssometimeswriteletterstoforeigne-friends.IthinktheseareallgoodwaystoimproveEnglishwritingabilityaslongastheysuitus.Whateverwayswechoose,weallneedtobecareful.Inmyopinion,besidesthoseways,wecancontributeregularlytotheschoolEnglishnewspaper.Whilewepracticewriting,weshouldalsolisten,speakandreadmore,becauseallskillsreinforceeachother.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇说明文。你的外教让你调查你班学生在课外提高英语写作能力的方法。请以“PracticingWritingAfterClass”为题写一篇短文，根据题目所给要求介绍你的调查结果。【详解】1.词汇积累优秀的：excellent→outstanding帮助：help→assist方法：way→method 观点：opinion→view2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：WritingisoneoftheEnglishskills,sothestudentsinourclassaretryingtoimproveit.拓展句：SincewritingisoneoftheEnglishskills,thestudentsinourclassaretryingtoimproveit.【点睛】[高分句型1]Moststudentsoftenreciteexcellentcompositions,whichcanhelpdevelopasenseoflanguage.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2]Whateverwayswechoose,weallneedtobecareful.（运用了whatever引导的让步状语从句）第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。IespeciallylikeapoemIlearnedinkindergarten.Althoughithasbeenmorethan40years,Istilloftenreciteit.MyTeacherMr.MooreThere’sateacherMr.Moore.Whoislovelyandthirty-four.Alwaysencouragingustotry.Heleadsustoaworldof“why”.Wealladmirehimmoreandmore.Theauthorofthispoemisunknown,butitremindsmeofthecountlessteacherswhohavetaughtme.WheneverIreadthispoem,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofmymathteacher,Mrs.Davies.Ifirmlybelievethatshewassuchateacherdescribedinthepoem.Inhighschool,Mrs.Davieswasmymath.teacher,whotookherjobseriouslyandexpectedherstudentstoputforththesamedegreeofcommitment.Thoughshewas30,shelookedveryyoungforherage.Andshewasoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.Comparedwithotherteachers,Mrs.Daviespaidmoreattentiontoherwayofteaching.Shetriedvariouswaystomakeherclasseslivelyandinteresting.Strictbutfair,sheheldourattentionwithhertime-provenapproach.Oneofherclasseswasforstudentswhoweremoreadvancedacademically.Ichosetotakeitandsoonrealizedthatthecoursewasabitovermyhead.Istruggledwiththecomplexproblemsthatothersseemedtolearnwithoutmucheffort.OneFridayweweretestedonourabilitytouseatheorem(定理)thatnooneintheclassthoroughlyunderstood.Theteachershouldgradeourpapersbasedonourabilitytoprogressthroughtheproblem.Iwasabsolutelylost. Finally,Ididn’tusetherequiredtheorem.Instead,Idecidedtousemorefamiliartheoremstoarriveattheanswer.IknewIhadfailedbecauseIhadn’tdonetherequiredassignment.Ibecameresignedtomyfate.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答OurtestpaperswerehandedbackthefollowingMonday.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThoughIdidn’tusetherequiredtheorem,Mrs.Daviesseemedgenuinelyproudofme.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】OurtestpaperswerehandedbackthefollowingMonday.Everyonereceiveda“C”exceptme.Tomysurprise,Ireceivedan“A”.Iassumedthattheremustbeamistake.Iwatchednervouslyastheteacherapproachedmydesk,smiled,andaskedformytestpaperback.Shethenwentbacktocopymyworkontotheblackboard,showingtheclasshowIhadarrivedatthecorrectanswer.”Mathematicsismeanttobeacreativetool,pushingourmindstoarewardinganswer,"shesaidwithconfidence.ThoughIdidn’tusetherequiredtheorem,Mrs.Daviesseemedgenuinelyproudofme.Theclasssawherfoldmytestpaperandputitintohertextbook.Sheannouncedthatitwouldbesharedwithfutureclasses.Myteachershouldhavebeenjustifiedingivingmeafailinggrade.Instead,sheusedtheopportunitytodeeplyinfluenceastudentwhooftenstruggled.Andafterfortyyears,Istillcherishthememory.Ithelpedchangemyself-image.Iopeneduptoabroadboundaryofpossibilitieswhichhadmademylifeanadventure.Sheunderstoodthatteachingwentbeyondstrictdemandsandcouldbeusedtoinspire.Thankyou,Mrs.Davies.【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开。每当作者听到自己在幼儿园学到的赞扬老师的诗《我的老师穆尔先生》的时候，作者都会想起自己的高中数学老师——戴维斯老师。她对待自己的工作很认真，是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。她注重教学方法、尝试了各种方法使她的课生动有趣。她严格但公正。作者选了她的一门课，在一次测试时，作者解答试题时使用了自己更熟悉的定理来得到答案，而未使用题目要求应用的定理来解答。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我们的试卷在接下来的星期一被退回。”可知，第一段可描写作者拿到自己的试卷后，在看到成绩的那一刻作者震惊了。虽说自己未按照要求的定理解答，但同样得到了老师的认可。②由第二段首句内容“虽然我没有使用必要的定理，戴维斯老师似乎真的为我感到骄傲。”可知，第二段可描写戴维斯老师决定把我的试卷和班级其他同学一起分享，给我留下了深刻的印象。2.续写线索：拿到试卷——看到成绩——惊讶——老师为我骄傲——分享试卷——感悟3.词汇激活行为类1.走近：approach/comeclose/movetowards2.要求：askfor/require/request3.展示：show/present/display情绪类1.感到惊讶：tomysurprise/tothesurpriseofme/tomyastonish/shock2.紧张地：nervously/anxiously/worriedly【点睛】【高分句型1】Iassumedthattheremustbeamistake.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）【高分句型2】Iopeneduptoabroadboundaryofpossibilitieswhichhadmademylifeanadventure.（运用了which引导的定语从句）听力答案:1~5CBCAA6~10ABBAC11~15CBCBC16~20AACBA