四川省绵阳中学2022-2023学年高二上学期综合测试英语 Word版含解析.docx

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绵阳中学高2021级上学期综合能力测试英语试卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。1.Whenistheman’sbirthday?A.OnaWednesday.B.OnaFriday.C.OnaSaturday.2.Howoftendoesthewomangotothegym?A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.3.WhatdidthemandoonSaturday?A.Hesawafilm.B.Heplayedonthebeach.C.Hewentshopping.4.Whatdoesthemaninvitethewomantodo?A.Travelabroad.B.Gobowling.C.Eatdinner.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aplay.B.Anactor.C.Abook.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdidthemanwanttobewhenhewasachild?A.Adoctor.B.Ateacher.C.Anengineer.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthejobasateacher?A.Itischallenging.B.Itiseasy.C.Itisboring.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inashop.C.Atahotel.9.Whenshouldthewomanarriveattheairport?A.At6:00am.B.At7:15am.C.At9:15am.10.Whatisthemangoingtodoforthewomantomorrowmorning?A.Callherataxi.B.Giveheracall.C.Lendhersomemoney.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11.WhywillthemangobacktoAustralianextyear?A.Todohiswork.B.Tovisithissister.C.Todosomesightseeing.12.Wheredoestheman'sbestfriendlive?A.InMalaysia.B.InCanada.C.InJapan.13.Whatwillthemandofirstafterthetravels?A.Workasapsychologist.B.CompletehisMaster'sdegree.C.StudyforhisPhD.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatisthewomanprobablydoing?A.Chairingameeting.B.Hostingaradioprogram.C.Conductingajobinterview.15.Whatarethemostdangerousweatherconditionswhenflyingaplane?A.Whenitheavilyrains.B.Whenitisseriouslyfoggy.C.Whenthewindchangesdirectionsuddenly.16Howlonghasthemanbeenapilot?A.17years.B.27years.C.37years.17.Whichisthecriticalperiodforflyingaplane?A.3minutesaftertakingoff.B.5minutesafterspeedingup.C.8minutesbeforelanding.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whydoesthereportsuggestreducingthelengthofschoolholidays?A.Toeasethestressonparents.B.Tohelpstudentswiththeirstudies.C.Topreventstudentsfromcausingtrouble.19.WhatisSoniaMontero'sattitudetowardthenewreport?A.Supportive.B.Unconcerned.C.Disapproving.20.WhatisNadiaSalib'sadvice? A.Toincreaseparents'holidays.B.Tomakestudents'holidayscolorful.C.Toencouragestudentstostayatschool.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABritishMuseum&NationalGalleryofLondonGuidedTourMakethemostofyourtimeinLondonwithtoursoftwoofitsmostimportantmuseums:theNationalGalleryandBritishMuseum.Bothmuseumsarefreetoenter.Knowbeforeyougo*Duration:5h30m*Mobileticketsaccepted*InstantconfirmationCancellationpolicyForafullrefund(退款),cancelatleast24hoursinadvanceofthestartdateoftheexperience.Inclusions(包括事项)*Semi-PrivateGuidedComboMuseumTour(Semi-PrivateMeansGroupSizeIsNeverMoreThan8Guests)*ProfessionalTourGuideExclusions*TourpricedoesNOTincludehotelpickupordrop-off(werecommendUBERorTaxi).*TourpricedoesNOTincludetips(optional).*TourisNOTavailableforthosewithwalkingdisabilitiesorusingawheelchair.*Temporary(临时的)exhibitionsareNOTincluded.Additionalinformation*Confirmationwillbereceivedatthetimeofbooking.*YouhavetoprovideuswithyourMOBILEPHONENUMBER(includingcountrycode).*Amaximumof(最多)8peoplepertourareallowed.*Thistourwillnotrunwithoutaminimumof2gueststomeetrequirements.Intheeventofthisoccurring,youwillbeofferedanalternativeorfullrefund.Notes:BritishMuseumandNationalGallerymaybesubjectedtooccasionalclosureswithoutpreviouswarning fromthemuseummanagement.Whenthisoccurs,wewillprovideguestswithanappropriatealternativeifthemuseumopeningtimeisdelayedmorethan1hfromthetourstartingtime.Inthesecasesweareunabletoproviderefundsordiscounts.Nolargebagsorsuitcasesareallowedinsidethemuseum;onlyhandbagsorsmallthinbagpacksareallowedthroughsecurity.Nowheelchairaccessisavailable.Strollers(婴儿车)arewelcome.Somecollectionsmayvarythroughouttheyear.1.Whatcanbeincludedinthetourprice?A.Lunch.B.Hotelpickup.C.Tipsfortheguide.D.Professionaltourguide.2.Inwhichcasemightatourbecancelledandafullrefundbeprovided?A.Whentemporaryexhibitionsareheld.B.Whenoccasionalclosuresarenotinformed.C.Whentheminimumnumberoftravellersisn’tmet.D.Whenthemuseumopeningtimeisdelayedbyonehour.3.Whatcanappearinsidethemuseums?A.Strollers.B.Largebags.C.Wheelchairs.D.Bigsuitcases.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章是大英博物馆和伦敦国家美术馆的旅游指南，介绍了两个博物馆的参观须知。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Inclusions(包括事项)部分的“*Semi-PrivateGuidedComboMuseumTour(Semi-PrivateMeansGroupSizeIsNeverMoreThan8Guests)*ProfessionalTourGuide(*半私人导游组合博物馆之旅(半私人意味着团体人数不超过8人)*专业导游)”可知，旅游价格包括专业导游。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Additionalinformation部分的“*Thistourwillnotrunwithoutaminimumof2gueststomeetrequirements.Intheeventofthisoccurring,youwillbeofferedanalternativeorfullrefund.(*如果没有至少2位客人，这个旅行团将不会运行。如果发生这种情况，您将获得替代退款或全额退款。)”可知，当没有达到最低旅客人数时,旅游团不能运行，可以获得全额退款。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Strollers(婴儿车)arewelcome.”可知，在博物馆里面，欢迎使用婴儿车，故选A。 BCimabue,thegreatestpainterinmedieval(中世纪的)Italy,wassurprisedonedaywhenhecamebackfromhislunchbreakanddiscoveredaflywasunderthenoseofacharacterhehadbeenworkingon.Sohereachedouttotouchtheinsect.Tohissurprise,hefoundonlywetpaint.Turningaround,hesawthathisapprentice(学徒),GiottodiBondone,wasdoingeverythinghecouldtokeepfromlaughing.GiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabuewasaway,anditlookedsorealthatCimabuehadbeencompletelyfooled.Giottowasbornintoapoorfarmingfamily.LegendhasitthatonedaywhenCimabuewaswalkingaroundthecountryside,hespottedayoungshepherd(牧羊人)boy.Theboywasnottendinghissheep.Instead,hewasdrawingpicturesofthem,andthesheephedrewweresolifelikethatCimabuestoppedtoasktheboyhisname.TheboyrepliedthatitwasGiotto,andCimabueimmediatelyaskedhimtocometoFlorencesothattheyoungshepherdcouldlearnhowtopaint.IntheMiddleAges,anartistnotonlyhadtoconcernhimselfwiththingslikedesignandtechnique,buthealsohadtolearnhowtomakepaints.Almostallartistsweremen,andtheybegantheirapprenticeshipsatanearlyage.Anapprentice’sjobwastocopyhismasterasexactlyashecould.Theunfortunateresultofthisimitation(模仿)wasalackofnewideas.Infact,artintheMiddleAgesremainedthesameforhundredsofyears.Thepeopleinpaintingsdidn’tlooklikerealpeople,andthesymbolismofartwasoftensoremotethatitmusthavebeendifficultforviewerstoconnectwithitonapersonallevel.Giottousedmanytechniquesthatwereuncommonatthetimetobringthepaintingstolifeforviewers.Hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem,insteadoftheoverlytallpeoplethatotherartistspainted.Hecreatedthree-dimensionalspacebyusingperspective,somethingthathadnotbeendonesinceRomantimes.Finally,hethrewoutpartsofthesymbolismassociatedwithmedievalpainting.4.Whydoestheauthormentiontheflyeventinparagraph1?A.ToindicateGiottodrewbetterthanCimabue.B.ToindicateGiottolikedmakingfunofothersC.ToshowtheflypaintedbyGiottolookedreal.D.ToshowCimabuedislikedpaintingfliesverymuch.5.WhatwasGiottodoingwhenCimabuefirstmethimaccordingtolegend?A.Hewastakingawalk.B.Hewasfeedingsheep.C.Hewasplayingwithashepherdboy.D.Hewasdrawingpictures.6.Whatistypicalofmedievalartists?A.Lackingcreativity. B.Havinganunhappychildhood.C.Havingashortperiodofapprenticeship.D.Supportingthemselvesbymakingpaints.7.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Giotto’sstudyonmedievalpainting.BThecompetitionbetweenmedievalartists.C.Giotto’seffortstochangeartintheMiddleAges.D.ThemostpopularformsofpaintingintheMiddleAges.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍是意大利文艺复兴时期的著名画家GiottodiBondone在绘画中的天赋，他在艺术创作方面的努力和取得的成就以及对艺术领域的影响。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据首段中的“GiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabuewasaway,anditlookedsorealthatCimabuehadbeencompletelyfooled.(Giotto在Cimabue不在的时候画了苍蝇，它看起来如此真实，以至于Cimabue完全被愚弄了。)”可知，Giotto所画的苍蝇如此的逼真，以至于把Cimabue给愚弄了。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theboywasnottendinghissheep.Instead,hewasdrawingpicturesofthem,andthesheephedrewweresolifelikethatCimabuestoppedtoasktheboyhisname.(男孩没有放羊。相反，他正在画他们的画，他画的羊是如此逼真，以至于Cimabue停下来问男孩他的名字。)”可知，Giotto并没有放羊，而是在绘画，而且所画的羊栩栩如生。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Almostallartistsweremen,andtheybegantheirapprenticeshipsatanearlyage.Anapprentice’sjobwastocopyhismasterasexactlyashecould.Theunfortunateresultofthisimitation(模仿)wasalackofnewideas.(几乎所有的艺术家都是男性，他们从小就开始做学徒。徒弟的工作是尽可能地模仿他的师傅。这种模仿的不幸结果是缺乏新的想法。)”可知，在中世纪时期，很多艺术家从学徒开始模仿师傅的绘画，最终缺乏新的想法，也就是没有创新。故选A项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“Giottousedmanytechniquesthatwereuncommonatthetimetobringthepaintingstolifeforviewers.Hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem,insteadoftheoverlytallpeoplethatother artistspainted.Hecreatedthree-dimensionalspacebyusingperspective,somethingthathadnotbeendonesinceRomantimes.Finally,hethrewoutpartsofthesymbolismassociatedwithmedievalpainting.(乔托使用了许多当时不常见的技术，为观众带来了栩栩如生的画作。他按照他看到的方式画人，而不是其他艺术家画的过于高大的人。他通过使用透视创造了三维空间，这是自罗马时代以来从未做过的事情。最后，他抛弃了与中世纪绘画相关的部分象征意义。)”可知，Giotto在绘画过程中，尝试各种不常见的技术，所画人物画像与众不同，创作三维透视法，以及摒弃了中世纪绘画中的部分象征意义，由以上可判断，Giotto在改变中世纪绘画艺术做出的努力。故选C项。CResearchersfromTexasA&MUniversityhavedevelopedanewbioremediationtechnology(生物整治技术)usingplant-basedmaterialandfungi(真菌)thatcouldcleanupper-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances.Per-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances,alsocalled“foreverchemicals”orPFAS,arefoundinsoil,water,andevenhumanandanimalbloodandmaybeharmfultohumansandotherspecies.Theyarefoundjustabouteverywhere,fromfoodwrapperstoclothing.Thesechemicalsmayaffecttheimmunesystemandmaycauseliverdamage.ExtremelyhighexposurestoPFASmayalsobelinkedtocancer.“PFASdonotdegrade(降解)easilyintheenvironmentandarepoisonouseveninaverylowconcentration,”saidSusieDai,associateprofessorfromTexasA&M.“Theymustberemovedanddestroyedtopreventhumanexposureandnegativeimpactsontheecosystem.PFASaresostableandtheycanoccurinwaterinaverylowconcentrationandyouhavetoconcentratethemandthendestroythem.”Theonlywaytoactuallygetridofthese“foreverchemicals”isbyburningthem,whichisalongandexpensiveprocess.ButTexasA&Mresearchershavefoundanewwaytouseaplant-basedmaterialthatadsorbsthepollutants.AsexplainedbyScienceDirect,adsorptionis“Theuseofsolidsforremovingsubstancesfromeithergasorliquid.”Theadsorbentmaterialisthenconsumedbymicrobialfungi.Theteamrecentlypublishedtheirfindingsfortheprocessframework,whichtheycallRAPIMER,inNature.“Theplant’scellwallmaterialservesasaframeworktoadsorbthePFAS,”Daiexplained.“Thenthismaterialandtheadsorbedchemicalserveasfoodforamicrobialfungus.Thenit’sgone,andyoudon’thavethedisposalproblem.”ThissustainablePFASclean-upsystemcouldbemass-producedforcommercialuse,leadingtoabetterwaytoremovethesechemicalpollutantsfromtheenvironment.ItcouldalsocomeinhandyastheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyconsiderscreatingPFASthresholds(阈值)toitswaterqualitystandards.8.Whatismainlyexplainedinparagraph2?A.PFAS’sexistingforms.B.PFAS’sdoubtfulorigins. C.PFAS’spotentialdangers.D.PFAS’swideapplications.9.WhatdidSusieDaisayaboutPFAS?A.Theyareunstable.B.Theydegradeeasilyintheenvironment.C.Theysurvivelongerinwaterthanintheair.D.Theyarepoisonouseveninalowconcentration.10.Whathappensaftertheplant-basedmaterialadsorbsthepollutants?A.Thematerialgetseaten.B.Thematerialbecomessolid.C.Thematerialfallsintosmallpieces.D.Thematerialgoesontoadsorbfungi.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheplant-basedmaterial?A.Carefree.B.Worried.C.Positive.D.Reserved.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究人员开发了一种新的生物整治技术，使用植物性材料和真菌，可以清理全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Per-andpolyfluoroalkylsubstances,alsocalled“foreverchemicals”orPFAS,arefoundinsoil,water,andevenhumanandanimalbloodandmaybeharmfultohumansandotherspecies.Theyarefoundjustabouteverywhere,fromfoodwrapperstoclothing.Thesechemicalsmayaffecttheimmunesystemandmaycauseliverdamage.ExtremelyhighexposurestoPFASmayalsobelinkedtocancer.(全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质，也被称为“永久化学品”或PFAS，存在于土壤、水中，甚至人类和动物的血液中，可能对人类和其他物种有害。它们几乎无处不在，从食品包装到衣服。这些化学物质可能会影响免疫系统，并可能导致肝脏损伤。极度暴露于PFAS也可能与癌症有关)”可知，本段主要介绍了PEAS潜在的危险。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““PFASdonotdegrade(降解)easilyintheenvironmentandarepoisonouseveninaverylowconcentration,”saidSusieDai,associateprofessorfromTexasA&M.(“PFAS在环境中不容易降解，即使在很低的浓度下也有毒，”德克萨斯农工大学的副教授SusieDai说)”可知，SusieDai认为，即使PEAS在很低的浓度下也是有毒的。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““Theplant’scellwallmaterialservesasaframeworktoadsorbthePFAS,”Dai explained.“Thenthismaterialandtheadsorbedchemicalserveasfoodforamicrobialfungus.Thenit’sgone,andyoudon’thavethedisposalproblem.”(戴解释说：“植物的细胞壁材料可以作为吸附PFAS的框架。然后这种材料和吸附的化学物质就成了微生物真菌的食物。然后它就消失了，你就没有要处理的问题了。”)”可知，在吸附PFAS后，植物性材料及其吸附的化学物质就沦落为微生物真菌的食物，即这些材料被吃掉了。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThissustainablePFASclean-upsystemcouldbemass-producedforcommercialuse,leadingtoabetterwaytoremovethesechemicalpollutantsfromtheenvironment.ItcouldalsocomeinhandyastheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyconsiderscreatingPFASthresholds(阈值)toitswaterqualitystandards.(这种可持续的PFAS清洁系统可以大规模生产用于商业用途，从而找到更好的方法从环境中去除这些化学污染物。随着美国环境保护局考虑为其水质标准设定PFAS阈值，它也可能派上用场)”可知，作者认为PEAS清洁系统可以派上用场，作者对于这种植物性材料的前景持有积极的态度。故选C。DWhentheEuropeanCommission’sLIFEprogramfirstbroughttogethermorethan20organizationsin2002torescuethelynx(山猫),thespecieshadallbutdisappeared.Widespreadhuntingandavirushadwipedout(彻底消灭)mostoftheIberianPeninsula’sEuropeanrabbits,thelynx’smainprey(猎物).Lynxbreedincaptivity(圈养)easily,however.Nearonemainreleaselocation,Iberianlynxhaveevenlearnedtoliveinneighborhoods,inolivegroves(橄榄树丛),andaroundhighways.“Thankstotheworkcarriedoutoverthelast20years,thenumberoflynxhasincreasedgreatly,”saysFranciscoJavierSalcedoOrtiz,regionalcoordinatoroftheIberianlynxrecoveryplan.Butthecat’snotoutofdangerjustyet.Itsthousand-square-mileterritoryisacollectionoffive—soontobeseven—isolated(孤立的)groups.ForIberianlynxtofullyrecover,theymustbeabletotravelfromonegrouptoanother,ensuringthespecies’slong-termhealthbydiversifyinggenepools.That’swhythenextstageoftheLIFEprojectwillfocusoncreatingatleast106-square-mileareasofrabbit-richhabitat,whichactaspassagewaysamongtheexistinglynxgroups.Scientistsselectedthesehabitatsbasedonpredictionsofwherelynxaremostlikelytotravel.Forinstance,lynxprefertotaketheshortestpathsthroughundevelopedhabitats,andavoidbroken-upareasoffarmland.Thecatispopular,evenamongfarmersandlandowners,butafewviewlynxaspestsandoccasionallywillpoisonthemforsupposedlyharmingdomesticanimals.Illegalkillingsmakeupnearly25percentofannuallynxdeathsonthepeninsula,thesecondhighestcauseofnon-naturaldeath,aftervehiclestrikes.That’swhyeducation isthe“besttooltoimprovethelynxpopulation,”saysMaribelGarcíaTardío,leadtechnicianforAndalusia’sIberianlynxrecoveryplan.Sheandhercolleaguesregularlymeetwithlandownersandhunters,explaininghowlynxrarelykilllargerdomesticanimals.TheIberianlynxisoneof33small-catspeciesmanyofwhichareendangeredorthreatened.Theseanimalshavelongbeeneclipsedbytheirbiggercousinssuchaslionsandtigers,butlatelypeoplehavebeguntorecognizetheworld’slittle-knowncats.12.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheIberianlynxaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Active.B.Adaptable.C.Funny.D.Dangerous.13.WhatistheaimofthenextstageoftheLIFEproject?A.Tofreeexistinglynxfromhunger.B.Tosetupagenepoolofexistinglynx.C.Toturnsomefarmlandintolynxhabitat.D.Tohelpexistinglynxconnectwitheachother.14.WhatdoesMaribelGarcíaTardíodotoincreasethelynxpopulation?A.Sheeducateslandownersandhuntersregularly.B.Sheworkstoreducevehiclestrikesinlynxhabitats.C.Shesuggestsseparatinglynxfromlargedomesticanimals.D.Sheclearsupthemisunderstandingbetweenlandownersandhunters.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“eclipsedby”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Confusedwith.B.Protectedfrom.C.Keepingstepwith.D.Livingintheshadowof.【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了欧盟委员会采取LIFE计划用来拯救伊比利亚山猫所采取的措施以及取得的成效。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Nearonemainreleaselocation,Iberianlynxhaveevenlearnedtoliveinneighborhoods,inolivegroves(橄榄树丛),andaroundhighways.”（在一个主要的放生地点附近，伊比利亚山猫甚至学会了生活在社区、橄榄林和高速公路周围。）可知，伊比利亚山猫具有很强的环境适应性。故选B项。 【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“That’swhythenextstageoftheLIFEprojectwillfocusoncreatingatleast106-square-mileareasofrabbit-richhabitat,whichactaspassagewaysamongtheexistinglynxgroups.”（这就是为什么LIFE项目的下一阶段将重点创建至少10个6平方英里的兔子栖息地，作为现有山猫群之间的通道。）可知，LIFE项目下一阶段的计划是帮助现有的山猫建立相互联系。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“That’swhyeducationisthe“besttooltoimprovethelynxpopulation,”saysMaribelGarcíaTardío,leadtechnicianforAndalusia’sIberianlynxrecoveryplan.Sheandhercolleaguesregularlymeetwithlandownersandhunters,explaininghowlynxrarelykilllargerdomesticanimals.”（这就是为什么教育是“改善山猫种群的最佳工具”，安达卢西亚伊比利亚山猫恢复计划的首席技术员MaribelGarcíaTardío说。她和她的同事定期与土地所有者和猎人会面，解释山猫很少杀死体型较大的家畜的事情。）可知，MaribelGarcíaTardío通过定期对土地所有者和猎人进行教育为增加山猫种群做出努力。故选A项。【15题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段划线部分后的“butlatelypeoplehavebeguntorecognizetheworld’slittle-knowncats”（但最近人们开始认识到世界上鲜为人知的猫）可知，but表示前后句为转折关系，最近人们开始认识到世界上鲜为人知的猫，说明之前这些猫在狮子和老虎等体型较大的表亲掩盖下显得黯然失色，推断出划线短语eclipsedby意为“黯然失色”，而D项字面意思为“生活在阴影之下”，其引申义为“使……逊色”，和划线短语eclipsedby意思相近。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cansiblings(兄弟姐妹)learntogetalong?Theanswertothisquestionis,yes!Maintaininghealthyrelationshipsischallenging.___16___Theydiscoverthatwhensiblingslovinglyinvestintheirrelationships,theresultingfriendshipsareanincredibleblessing.Applythefollowingrecommendationstostrengthenyourrelationshipswithyoursiblings.Recognizethesignificanceofyourrole.Theroleyouhaveinyoursiblings’livesisonethatnooneelsecanplay.Youcanbeasourceofgreatgoodinyoursiblings’livesbyinvestingencouragement,praiseandloveinyourrelationship.Or,youcanbeasourceofhardshipbyactingselfishly.___17___Appreciateyourdifferences.Youandyoursiblingswillhavemanydifferences,evenwhenyougrowupinthesamehousehold.Sometimesdifferencesdrivepeopleapart,butthosedifferencescanoftenhelpyougrow.___18___Instead,learn aboutandlearnfromthem.Asyoulearntogetalongwithyoursiblings,youarepreparingforotherrelationshipsinthefuture.___19___Whenconflictsarisebetweenyouandyoursiblings,doallyoucantorestoreyourrelationshipwithoutdelay.Whenyouarewrong,askforforgivenessforyourhurtfulattitudes,words,andactions.Whenasiblinghasoffended(冒犯)youandcomestoaskforyourforgiveness,forgivequickly.Investinyour“enemies”.Whenyougivesomethingaway,youusuallygaindeeperappreciationfromthosewhoreceiveyourgift.Attimeswhenyouarestrugglingtogetalongwithaparticularbrotherorsister,considergiving.___20___Youcouldalsooffertohelphimorherwithaprojectorahouseholdchore(家务).A.Spendtimetogether.B.Resolveconflictsquickly.C.Don’tbeafraidofyourdifferences.D.Discusswhatyouarelearninginschoolandlife.E.Butmanyfamiliesarefindingthatsiblingharmonyispossible.F.Eitherway,yourinfluencemakesapermanentimpressiononyoursiblings.G.Thinkaboutwhatyoucangive:time,wordsofpraise,orgifts—thingsyoursiblingwillenjoy.【答案】16.E17.F18.C19.B20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了加强与兄弟姐妹关系的方法。【16题详解】上文“Maintaininghealthyrelationshipsischallenging.(保持健康的人际关系具有挑战性)”说明保持健康的人际关系是有挑战性的，以及下文“Theydiscoverthatwhensiblingslovinglyinvestintheirrelationships,theresultingfriendshipsareanincredibleblessing.(他们发现，当兄弟姐妹深情地投资于他们的关系时，由此产生的友谊是一种难以置信的有益之事)”说明兄弟姐妹之间是有可能产生令人难以置信的友谊的，E项“但许多家庭发现，兄弟姐妹之间的和谐是可能的。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合题意。故选E。【17题详解】上文“Youcanbeasourceofgreatgoodinyoursiblings’livesbyinvestingencouragement,praiseandloveinyourrelationship.Or,youcanbeasourceofhardshipbyactingselfishly.(通过在你们的关系中给予鼓励、赞扬和爱，你可以成为兄弟姐妹生活中美好的源泉。或者，你可以通过自私的行为成为艰难的根源) ”说明了对兄弟姐妹产生影响的不同方式，F项中Eitherway指代上文提及的两种方式，F项“无论哪种方式，你的影响力都会给你的兄弟姐妹留下永久的印象。”承接上文，符合题意。故选F。【18题详解】上文“Sometimesdifferencesdrivepeopleapart,butthosedifferencescanoftenhelpyougrow.(有时候，差异会让人疏远，但这些差异往往能帮助你成长)”说明差异往往会帮助人成长，C项中differences是关键词，C项“不要害怕你们之间的分歧。”承接上文，符合题意。故选C。【19题详解】下文“Whenconflictsarisebetweenyouandyoursiblings,doallyoucantorestoreyourrelationshipwithoutdelay.(当你和你的兄弟姐妹之间发生冲突时，尽你所能毫不拖延地恢复你们的关系)”说明要尽快解决与兄弟姐妹之间的冲突，恢复关系，B项“快速解决冲突”引出下文，可以作为本段的标题句，符合题意。故选B。【20题详解】上文“Attimeswhenyouarestrugglingtogetalongwithaparticularbrotherorsister,considergiving.(当你很难与某个特定的兄弟姐妹相处时，考虑给予)”以及下文“Youcouldalsooffertohelphimorherwithaprojectorahouseholdchore(家务).(你也可以主动提出帮助他或她做一个项目或家务)”说明与某个特定的兄弟姐妹相处时，可以考虑给予，主动提出帮助兄弟姐妹做某事，G项中give是关键词，G项“想想你能给予什么：时间、赞美之词或礼物——这些都是你的兄弟姐妹会喜欢的。”承接上文，与下文并列，符合题意。故选G。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。“Nevergiveup!”chanted(不停地喊着)mytwoyoungchildren,MaxandCharley,astheymarchedbehindtheirgrandmotherMimi.Theywerehavinganother___21___,straightoffthebeachwheretheyhadspentthedaybuildingsandcastlesandplayinginthewaves.Thistime,theywere___22___themysteriousice-creamtruck.Overtheyears,Mimihadbecomeourfamily’sbeacon(灯塔)of___23___.Itwasnota___24___sheearnedwithouteffort,___25___.Leadingbyexample,Momtaughtusjustwhatonecould___26___withapositiveattitude.BeforestartingheradventurewithMaxandCharley,Mimiheardthefamiliarclangoftheice-creamman’sbell.Sheturnedandsawhim___27___beforeheturnedanddisappearedoverthedunes(沙丘).Thetimelag(时间间隔)betweenthesoundofhisbellandthedepartureofhistruckwasnotlong,soonemustbequickto ___28___him.MaxandCharleywere___29___whentheydidn’tcatchhimintime.Mimisaid,“Nevergiveup!”Sheexplainedthatthetruckmightbe____30____,buttheycouldfinditatitsnextstop.Notknowingwhichdirectionthetruckhadtaken,theyhadto____31____whereto____32____.Mykidsweretiredbutthey____33____tomoveforward.Afterabouttwentyminutesofwalking,Max’sfaithinthemissionbeganto____34____.Hesaid,“Maybeweshouldgiveup.Wehavebeenwalkingprettyfarandhaven’tseenthetruckyet.”Charleysaid,“Noway!Nevergiveup!”Max____35____unwillingly.Justtwoblockslater,theyfoundit.MaxandCharleyscreamedwith____36____,“Nevergiveup!”____37____thoughitwas,thatphrasehasbecomeourbattlecryforthechallengesweface.Icanalways____38____MaxandCharleyandsay,“Nevergiveup!”Upon____39____thosewords,theyare____40____transportedtoapositivestateofmind.21.A.problemB.trickC.adventureD.accident22.A.describingB.decoratingC.repairingD.seeking23.A.positivityB.creativityC.peaceD.freedom24.A.profitB.titleC.chanceD.right25.A.otherwiseB.besidesC.thereforeD.however26.A.replaceB.achieveC.shareD.provide27.A.brieflyB.secretlyC.naturallyD.formally28.A.preventB.remindC.catchD.impress29.A.confusedB.ashamedC.surprisedD.disappointed30.A.goneB.lostC.newD.common31.A.askB.guessC.recordD.recall32.A.commentB.endC.searchD.escape33.A.failedB.continuedC.forgotD.happened34.A.spreadB.functionC.appearD.shake35.A.leftB.agreedC.stoppedD.paid36.A.shockB.painC.excitementD.fear37.A.ObviousB.RareC.LongD.Simple38.A.lookatB.learnfromC.waitforD.apologizeto39.A.understandingB.organizingC.hearingD.spelling40.A.instantlyB.separatelyC.equallyD.officially 【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.D26.B27.A28.C29.D30.A31.B32.C33.B34.D35.B36.C37.D38.A39.C40.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了祖母咪咪如何以乐观的态度影响孩子们，帮助他们寻找冰淇淋车的过程。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们又开始了另一次冒险，就在他们花了一天时间在沙滩上堆沙堡和在海浪中玩耍的地方。A.problem问题；B.trick花招；C.adventure冒险；D.accident事故。根据下文“straightoffthebeachwheretheyhadspentthedaybuildingsandcastlesandplayinginthewaves.”和“BeforestartingheradventurewithMaxandCharley,Mimi”可知，他们是离开了之前玩耍的沙滩，跟着祖母开始了寻找冰淇淋车的奇遇之旅。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次，他们在寻找神秘的冰淇淋车。A.describing描述；B.decorating装饰；C.repairing修理；D.seeking寻求。根据下文“Notknowingwhichdirectionthetruckhadtaken,theyhadto___11___whereto___12___.”可知，他们是在寻找冰淇淋车。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：多年来，咪咪已经成为我们家积极向上的灯塔。A.positivity积极性；B.creativity创造性；C.peace和平；D.freedom自由。根据下文“Leadingbyexample,Momtaughtusjustwhatonecould___6___withapositiveattitude.”及全文多处“Nevergiveup!”可知，祖母成为家里积极向上的灯塔。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这并不是她不费吹灰之力就获得的头衔。A.profit利润；B.title标题；头衔；C.chance机会；D.right权利。根据下文“Leadingbyexample,Momtaughtusjustwhatonecould___6___withapositiveattitude.”可知，祖母以身作则，通过自身努力获得“灯塔”的头衔。故选B。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这不是她不劳而获的头衔。A.otherwise否则；B.besides此外；C.therefore因此；D.however然而。根据下文“Leadingbyexample,Momtaughtusjustwhatonecould___6___withapositiveattitude.”可知，前后句为转折关系。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈以身作则，教会我们一个人用积极的态度能取得什么成就。A.replace代替；B.achieve实现；取得；C.share分享；D.provide提供。根据下文“withapositiveattitude. ”可知，祖母教给家人用积极的态度取得成就。故选B。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她转过身来，在他转身消失在沙丘上之前匆匆地看了他一眼。A.briefly短暂地；B.secretly秘密地；C.naturally自然地；D.formally正式地。根据下文“beforeheturnedanddisappearedoverthedunes(沙丘).”可知，祖母匆匆地看了一眼卖冰淇淋的人。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从他的铃声响起到他的卡车开走的时间间隔不长，所以人们必须迅速赶上他。A.prevent阻止；B.remind提醒；C.catch抓住；赶上；D.impress影响。根据上文“Thetimelag(时间间隔)betweenthesoundofhisbellandthedepartureofhistruckwasnotlong,”和下文“MaxandCharleywere___9___whentheydidn’tcatchhimintime.”可知，因为卖冰淇淋的人离开时间不长，所以想买冰激凌就必须迅速赶上他。故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马克斯和查理没能及时赶上他，感到很失望。A.confused困惑的；B.ashamed感到惭愧的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.disappointed失望的。根据下文“whentheydidn’tcatchhimintime.”可知，因为没有及时赶上，没有买到冰淇淋，所以很失望。故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她解释说，卡车可能已经不见了，但他们可以在下一站找到它。A.gone遗失的；离去的；B.lost丢失的；C.new新的；D.common常见的。根据下文“buttheycouldfinditatitsnextstop.”及上文可知，买冰淇淋的卡车已经离去了。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于不知道卡车往哪个方向开了，他们只好猜测去哪里寻找。A.ask问；B.guess猜；C.record记录；D.recall回想起。根据上文“Notknowingwhichdirectionthetruckhadtaken,”可知，孩子们和祖母不知道冰淇淋车往哪个方向去了，所以他们不得不猜测方向。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于不知道卡车往哪个方向开了，他们只好猜测去哪里寻找。A.comment评论；B.end结束；C.search搜寻；D.escape逃脱。根据上文“Notknowingwhichdirectionthetruckhadtaken,”及下文可知，孩子们和祖母都在寻找卖冰淇淋的卡车。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的孩子们很累，但他们继续前进。A.failed失败；B.continued继续；C.forgot忘记；D.happened发生。根据上文“Mykidsweretired”可知，孩子们寻找冰淇淋车累了，但他们继续在寻找。故选B。 【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：走了大约20分钟后，马克斯对这次任务的信心开始动摇。A.spread传播；B.function起作用；C.appear出现；D.shake动摇。根据下文“Hesaid,“Maybeweshouldgiveup.Wehavebeenwalkingprettyfarandhaven’tseenthetruckyet.””可知，因为找不到冰淇淋车，马克斯想放弃了，所以了他的信念动摇。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克斯不情愿地同意了。A.left离开；B.agreed同意；C.stopped停止；D.paid支付。根据上文“Charleysaid,“Noway!Nevergiveup!””和下文“unwillingly.”可知，查理坚持永不放弃，马克斯很不情愿地同意了。故选B。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：马克斯和查理兴奋地尖叫道：“永不放弃!”A.shock震惊；B.pain疼痛；C.excitement激动、兴奋；D.fear害怕。根据上文“Justtwoblockslater,theyfoundit.”可知，最终找到了冰淇淋车，所以他们很兴奋。故选C。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这句话很简单，但它已经成为我们应对挑战的战斗口号。A.Obvious明显的；B.Rare罕见的；C.Long长的；D.Simple简单的。根据文中多次出现的“Nevergiveup!”可知，“永不放弃”这句话很简单。故选D。【38题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我总能看着麦克斯和查理说：“永不放弃!”A.lookat看；B.learnfrom向……学习；C.waitfor等待；D.apologizeto向……道歉。根据下文“Upon___19___thosewords,theyare___20___transportedtoapositivestateofmind.”可知，孩子们要放弃时，作者总能看着他们说：“永不放弃!”故选A。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一听到这些话，他们就会立刻进入一种积极的心态。A.understanding理解；B.organizing组织；C.hearing听；D.spelling拼写。根据下文“thosewords”可知，孩子们一听到“永不放弃!”就会变得积极起来。故选C。【40题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一听到这些话，他们就会立刻进入一种积极的心态。A.instantly立即地；B.separately分开地；C.equally平等地；D.officially正式地。根据上文“Upon___19___thosewords,”可知，孩子们一听到“永不放弃!”就立即会变得积极起来。故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。IwasstudyingEnglishliteratureinItaly,andIhadtostudyinanEnglish-speakingcountryforoneyearaspartofthecourse.I____41____(offer)achancetogotoBostonUniversityandItookit.AssoonasIsawBoston,Ifellinlovewithit.Iliveinasmallcity,andI’vealwayswantedtoliveinabigcity.Bostonwasexactly____42____Ineededformyfirst-time-away-from-home.Bostonis____43____(definite)abigcitybutnotbigenough____44____(make)youfeeloverwhelmed.Theweatherisalsogreatandyougettoenjoyallfour____45____(season)intrueNewEnglandstyle.Istayedwithafamily.____46____(They)housewasonCommonwealthAvenue,____47____isoneofthebusieststreetsinBoston.ItwasgreattobethereasBostonUniversityisspreadoutalongCommonwealthAvenue.Theonlybadthingisthatit’sabitbusy.Oneofmyfriendshadtowearacastformonthsafter____48____(hit)byacartryingtocrossCommonwealthAvenue—Bostonisfamousforitshorribledrivers.Bostonisagreatplacetoliveasacollegestudent.TherearelotsofuniversitiesinBoston.CollegestudentsmakeuptwentypercentofBoston’spopulation.Thisadds____49____theenergyofthecity,makingita(n)____50____(attract)placetoliveandstudy.【答案】41.wasoffered42.what43.definitely44.tomake45.seasons46.Their47.which48.beinghit49.to50.attractive【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去波士顿大学学习，并介绍了波士顿的相关情况。【41题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我被提供了一个去波士顿大学的机会，我接受了。根据句中took可知，句子使用一般过去时，且offer与主语I之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是I，be动词应用was。故填wasoffered。【42题详解】考查表语从句。句意：波士顿正是我第一次离家时所需要的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“所……的东西”，应用what引导从句。故填what。【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：波士顿绝对是一个大城市，但还不足以大到让你感到不知所措。空处修饰系动词，应用副词形式作状语，definitely是副词，表示“绝对地”，符合题意。故填definitely。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：波士顿绝对是一个大城市，但还不足以大到让你感到不知所措。enoughtodosth.为固定结构，表示“足够……去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式。故填tomake。【45题详解】考查名词的数。句意：天气也很好，你可以享受真正的新英格兰风格的四季。season表示“季节”，是可数名词，空前由数词four修饰，所以空处应用名词的复数形式seasons。故填seasons。【46题详解】考查代词。句意：他们的房子位于联邦大道，这是波士顿最繁忙的街道之一。结合语意可知，此处表示“他们的房子”，所以空处应用形容词性物主代词their，表示“他们的”，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Their。【47题详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的房子位于联邦大道，这是波士顿最繁忙的街道之一。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词CommonwealthAvenue，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。【48题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的一个朋友在试图穿过联邦大道时被一辆汽车撞倒，不得不戴上石膏好几个月——波士顿以其糟糕的司机而闻名。after是介词，表示“在……之后”，后接动名词形式作宾语，结合语意可知，此处表示“被撞倒”，所以空处应用动名词的被动式beinghit。故填beinghit。【49题详解】考查介词。句意：这增加了城市的活力，使其成为一个有吸引力的生活和学习场所。addto为固定搭配，表示“增加”，符合题意，所以空处应用介词to。故填to。50题详解】考查形容词。句意：这增加了城市的活力，使其成为一个有吸引力的生活和学习场所。空处修饰名词place，应用形容词形式作定语，attractive是形容词，表示“有吸引力的”，符合题意。故填attractive。第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节：短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。WhenIofferedmynext-doorneighboranicecream,whatwasdifficulttoopen,shetoldmetowaittheminute.Shewentinherhouseandcomesoutwitharubberband(橡皮筋).Shesaidshecouldgetitopenrightawaybyputtherubberbandaroundthetop!Andshedidopenit.Whenshewastoldtohavetheicecream,andshesaid,“No.Youenjoyit!”Inoticedhergardengloveswerewornaswespoke,soIwentinmyhouseandgotanewpairforhim.Theglovesweredecoratingwithladybugs(瓢虫).ShelovedthemandIwasattractedbythelegendoftheladybugshesharedme!We'vebeenneighborsfor9yearandwehavesharedsomuchhappymoments.【答案】1.what→which2.the→a3.comes→came4.put→putting5.去掉and6.him→her7.decorating→decorated8.shared后加with9.year→years10.much→many【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与邻居在日常生活中分享快乐的故事。【详解】1.考查定语从句。句意：当我请隔壁的邻居吃冰淇淋时，发现很难打开，她让我等一会儿。分析句子结构可知，这里为定语从句。句中先行词为icecream，在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故将what改为which。2.考查冠词。句意：当我请隔壁的邻居吃冰淇淋时，发现很难打开，她让我等一会儿。waitaminute等一下。故将the改为a。3.考查时态。句意：她走进自己的房子，拿着一根橡皮筋出来。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。故将comes改为came。4.考查非谓语动词。句意：她说她可以把橡皮筋绕在顶部，马上把它打开！介词by 后接动名词形式。故将put改为putting。5.考查连词。句意：当她被告知要吃冰淇淋时，她说：“不。你吃吧！”句中已有从属连词when引导时间状语从句，所以并列连词and多余。故去掉and。6.考查代词。句意：我们说话的时候，我注意到她戴的园艺手套磨破了，于是我回到家里给她拿了一双新的。根据上文可知，作者的这位邻居是女性，所以用代词her。故将him改为her。7.考查固定搭配。句意：手套上装饰着瓢虫图案。bedecoratedwith装饰着。故将decorating改为decorated。8.考查介词。句意：她喜欢它们，我被她和我分享的瓢虫的传说所吸引！sharewithsb.和某人分享。故在shared后加with。9.考查名词的数。句意：我们做邻居已经9年了，我们分享了很多快乐的时刻。根据数词9可知，用可数名词的复数形式。故将year改为years。10.考查形容词。句意：我们做邻居已经9年了，我们分享了很多快乐的时刻。名词moments为可数名词复数，所以用many修饰。much只能修饰不可数名词。故将much改为many。第二节：书面表达(满分25分)52.假定你是某国际中学的学生会主席李华。最近，有很多同学睡眠不足，已严重影响到他们的学习。请你代表学生会用英语写一封倡议书，倡议大家健康作息，高效学习。内容包括：1.陈述现象；2.说明健康睡眠的重要性；3.提出倡议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Recently,ithasbeencommonthatsomestudentsdon’thaveenoughsleep.Manystudentsstayuplateforvarietiesofreasons,suchasheavyhomeworkorbeingaddictedtodigitaldevices.It’simportanttosleepregularlyandgetenoughsleep,whichhelpsyoustayhealthyandconcentrateonyourstudy.Ifyoustayuplatefrequently,youwillfindithardtogetupontime.Keepingactiveinclassalsobecomes difficult.Besides,yourownhealthwillbeharmedseriously.Planyourtimeforhomework,takephysicalexercise,andkeepawayfromdigitaldevicesbeforesleep,andyouwillenjoyahealthylife.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学生会用英语写一封倡议书，倡议大家健康作息，高效学习。【详解】1.词汇积累各种各样的：varietiesof→various重要的：beimportant→beofimportance集中精力：concentrateon→focuson此外：besides→what’smore2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Besides,yourownhealthwillbeharmedseriously.拓展句：Besides,itisyourownhealththatwillbeharmedseriously.【点睛】【高分句型1】It’simportanttosleepregularlyandgetenoughsleep,whichhelpsyoustayhealthyandconcentrateonyourstudy.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Ifyoustayuplatefrequently,youwillfindithardtogetupontime.（运用了if引导条件状语从句）