八年级上册数学教案【人教版】

八年级上册数学教案【人教版】

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时间:2023-06-28

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58>ËᦪḄþYËᦪḄᑖ>ᦪḄᑣ஺ᦟ>ᦪḄᦪḄ>ᙢᦪ"ᑁḄ஺ᦟ$%ஹ'ᐭ)*+ᵨ-ᘤ-/01ᑡᨵᳮᦪᑏᡂ7ᦪḄ89/:ᨵ;<=>?3479_H5581199ᡃA=>/⊈ḄᨵᳮᦪCDEᑏᡂᨵ▲7ᦪᡈὅI▲JK7ᦪḄ89/ᓽ3479-11.53=3.0,——=-0.6,—=5.875,—=0.81,—=1.2,-=0.5581199Mஹ)*1ஹNOPᨵᳮᦪCDEᑏᡂᨵ▲7ᦪᡈI▲JK7ᦪḄ89஺Q$ᩭ/NOᨵ▲7ᦪᡈI▲JK7ᦪSCᨵᳮᦪ஺I▲TJK7ᦪUVIᳮᦪ/%=3.14159265…SIᳮᦪᨵᳮᦪWIᳮᦪXYZᦪ[᦮ᦪ]/ஹ…ᨵᳮᦪ77ᨵ▲7ᦪᡈI▲JK7ᦪᦪJ_ᑖᦪJIᳮᦪI▲TJK7ᦪaᨵᳮᦪ᪵/IᳮᦪSᨵcdeᑖ஺f᝞⊈,c/஻cIᳮᦪ/-,-k/-TdIᳮᦪ஺ᵫmn0ᨵᳮᦪWIᳮᦪCᨵcdeᑖ/ᦪSDEo᪵ᑖ:_cᨵᳮᦪcᦪ<_cIᳮᦪᦪ0dᦪr'dᨵᳮᦪஹdIᳮᦪ2ஹtu᝞vᡠx/yzZ1Pᓫ|}~Ḅᙊᦪᔣᕜ/ᙊḄᵫᑮ0',0'Ḅᙶ᪗?

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71ᓫÍ'ÑÒÍூ}~௃ÓÔᦟ|qwḄË⚪;Ö¢×Ø;ÙᑮvMghTᦪḄᨬÐᓫ´µ:1ᐜ⌱Þo;ÖW⌱w0,0Xo1,k2ᙠᙶ᪗á☢ᑁãwo0,0Xo1,k3¢o0,0Xo1,kf,ᩩ¤¥.4ᩩ¤¥äVMghTᦪy=kxkWOḄyz.°ஹᚪ"#;æᓄᳮè$P113"#.éஹᚪ³;ᢵëì1.MghTᦪy=kxyzḄvµ¢£oXo1,kḄ¤¥ᓽᡠ²yz.2.MghTᦪḄឋ.îJKïஹðñò$P120#⚪14.2¬1ஹ2ஹ3⚪.óôõö14.2.1MghTᦪ1ஹMghTᦪḄ^_h2ஹMghTᦪḄឋ"#14.2.2,÷Tᦪ1ᦟø᪗1.tùXᢈì>ûhüý,÷TᦪḄᭆÿ>▭⚪ᦪḄ.2.>ᔊᦪḄᦪḄ᪆!Ḅᱯ#.3.%ஹ᝱()*+>,-ᦪ./ᔠḄᦪ12345ᦪᙠ▭78Ḅ9ᵨ)*.;ஹ<=ᐵ?1.;=AᦪḄᭆC.2.<=A▭78ᦪḄ.3.ᐵ?ADEF▭⚪ḄGHIJKLḄMNᐵO.ᦟ1

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7314.2.20ᦪ(2)ᦟij᪗1.lmᢈo>qrs0ᦪḄtuv>w=:x0ᦪḄtyឋ{.2.|}~>ᔊ0ᦪtuḄ|}%EuḄᦪi.3.ஹ᝱>iḄᦪiᔠ]ḄiNN%qᦪḄᵨ.ஹᐵ1.|tuᳮ¡0ᦪḄឋ{.2.¢0ᦪ£¤ឋḄ¥m.3.ᐵᐙᑖᑭᵨᦪUᔠḄ©%¥ª0ᦪḄᑁᙠI{.ᦟi~¬ᵨ“®⚪¡¯”Ḅ~%±i|=⚪%⚞q0ᦪḄᑁ³.ᦟi|}ஹ=µ%¶·¸]ூ=2௃rsᦪy=-6x,y=-6x+5,y=-6x-5Ḅtuᙠᙶ᪗fᑁ.ூ®⚪ᱫ¾௃1.¿À<ÁÂ☢RᦪḄtuḄÄÅ%ÆsÀḄÇUÈRᦪḄtuÉÊË,ÌÍÎÏ}Ð;ᦪÒ-6xḄtu|0,0vᦪÓx+5ḄtuyÔÕ0,5vᦪy=-6x-5ḄtuyÔ0,-5,Ö×ᑖØᵫÊËy=-6xᑖØÚÛÜÝᑮv<ÁRᦪ¡᪆%à¡áâãäå2.æ©ὶfÂ☢=2,ὃ⇋0ᦪy=kx+bḄtuãäÉ%ÖÊË5=1«ᨵãäᐵfåூiëì௃ÇᡠrḄRᦪtu%ÝsÂí®⚪1,2ḄUî%ÌïðsÚÛᑣ᝞ò0ᦪy=kx+bḄtuᩩÊË%ᡃ×õÖâÊËy=kx+b,Öö9÷]ᵫÊËy=kxÚÛ|b|ᓫúûÜÝᑮ1b>03%ᔣÂÚÛv1b<03%ᔣòÚÛ.ூ=3௃rsᦪy=2xT,1y=-0.5x+lḄ.ூ௃3ᡠ⌕Ḅᦪ.ஹᔠூ⚪௃!ᦪy=x+l,y=-x+l,y=2x+l,y=-2x+lḄᵫ,-ὶ/012ᦪ3᪆5y=kx+b8k,b9:ᦪkWO=>kḄ?@AᦪᨵCDEFG

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96.On+H)(u+b)ᕈ"=ma+mb+na+nb.Vஹ_jᵨᡠ1"(1)(x+2)(x-3)(2)(3x-l)(2x+l)ூ2௃"(1)(x—3y)(x+7y)(2)(2x+5y)(3x—2y)ூ3௃ᐜᓄ§I¨"(a—3b)2+(3a+b)2—(a+5b)~+(a—5b)'ᐸa=—8,b=-6.ூᦟ-௃13,®¯°ᑮ⚪ᡠ³´Ḅe⚪µ.ூ௃°ᐸ⚞·⚗wḄ¸ᵨ^w¹º»Ḅe⚪.zஹ¼ᚪ¾_¿ÀÁÂÃÄP148¾_S1ஹ2⚪.ூQRÇÈ௃•ᙽ]mÊËnÊḄÌᴻ]ËᔜÏᣵaÊGាÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚ☢(ÌᴻÚ☢᪵ᜧM)eÚ☢☢|ÝpKஹÃᚪM1.⚗⚗jᐙᑖᔠ/Ḅe⚪ᩭᳮá⚗⚗Ḅᑭᵨwᑖãäᩭᳮá(m+n)(a+b)Ḅ/⚗wḄwᑣ.2.⚗⚗Sæ⌕ᐜ᦮ᳮᙠᵨ⚗Ḅ⚗µ⚗Ḅ⚗Ç⌕'‘f{”ìí⍡ïðᔜ⚗Ḅ⚗Ót⚗|ñᓫ⚗ḄJ⚗óᒹõö☢Ḅ÷øᙠÇ⌕ùúúûᔜ⚗Ḅ÷ø.üஹý´PþÃÄP149⚪15.15ஹ6ஹ7(2)ஹ9ஹ10⚪.15.1.6⚗⚗1ஹ⚗⚗Ḅᑣ15.2.1!(")ᦟ$%᪗1.'()ᢈ+

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98ூ௃!ூᦟ#௃$%&'()*ᑮ,-./᦮12ḄḄ-45.6ᱯ8Ḅ9⚗;1<=᝞?ᵨABᩭ⊤E$%&'ᡠGHIᩭḄᱯ89⚗;1ḄᕖKூLM௃Nᵨ(a+b)(a-b)⊤UV<=WVXN⊤ᡂa'-b?,ᓽ(a+b)(a-b)=a2—b2.ᵨ`ab)X5cdeᦪḄgh-deᦪḄiḄjkl-deᦪḄmni.ூᦟ#௃⊤oḄpqrsIt⚪——mnivwx-5.emniygy*ḄABz{.|ஹᵨᡠூᦟ#)௃mniyḄᵨᐵ5y*Ḅagb,ᨵᑮagb,.ᑗX᧕,.Eᙠᜧᩭ☢e(*ᑮ.ூ1௃ᵨmniyc(1)(2x+3)(2x-3)(2)(b+3a)(3a-b)(3)(-m+n)(m—n).¡⊤c(a+b)(a—b)aba2-b2(2x+3)(2x-3)2x(2x)2—3?(b+3a)(3a—b)(—m+n)(—m—n)¢2£:(1)103X97(2)(3x—y)(3y—x)—(x—y)(x+y)ª«¬⚪®Icᙠde¯*°±;&Ḅ.⚗²a,°±³&Ḅ.⚗²b.´ஹµᚪ·¸¹º»t¼P153·¿1ஹ2⚪.ÀஹtᚪÁ¼⁚tḄᑁ5dᦪgh-dᦪiḄjyᢣI,ᐹᨵᱯ8ᐵÆḄde|⚗jḄឋÈ.ᵨmniyÉÊdËc.5Iy*Ḅ¿.eᦪa,¿|eᦪb|5dᦪg1-dᦪi-Ì5ᑨÎÏᔲᵨmniyḄn2.ÑஹÒÓ²Ôt¼P156¿1ஹ2⚪.Ö×Ø

9915.2.1mniy(.*)1ஹmniyc(a+b)(a—b)=a?—b?·:15.2.1mniy(|)ᦟÚ᪗1.»ÜhᢈÏ>ß·ᵨmniy.2.«àhn2>áᔊmniyḄᵨ«àãämniyḄᑁå.3.æçஹ᝱éhêë>ìíîïḄÏðñᱥḄᱯóḄÏðçôᑮᦪ»ÜḄõ▭êë.÷ஹøËhᐵ1.÷Ëcᵨmniyùú᦮.2.øËcûüýᵨmniyḄᱯó.3.ᐵcþÿḄ᪀ᱯ(1)⚗Ḅ(2)⚗•⚗⚗ᦪ.#(1)⚗(2)$⚗%&ᦪḄ⚗Ḅ.ᦟ()*ᵨ“-..-/”ᑖ2⌴4Ḅᦟ()5(6ᙠ8/9/:;Ḅᱯ<.ᦟ(=>ஹ@ABCDᚪF/1.ᵨHI(1)(-9x-2y)(-9x+2y)(2)(-0.5y+0.3x)(0.5y+0.3x)(3)(8a2b-l)(l+8a2b)(4)20082—2009X20072.HI(a^b)(a——b)—(3a—2b)(3a+2b)22ூᦟ\]^௃`aᑖ(6b.c“dF”ᯠfgh(6BC.ூ(6]^௃ᐜjklᡂDᚪF/no(BC.ஹq(rstuᓄூq1௃HI:3113(1)(—y+2—x)(2—X——y)4224

100(2)(——x—0.7a2b)(—x—0.7a2b)(3)(2a-3b)(2a+3b)(4a2+9b2)(16a'+8lb1).(2)z=(-0.7a2b——x)(—0.7a'b+—x)525(—0.7a2b)2—(—x)_=0.49a'b2——x(3)z=(4a-9b2)(4a2+9b2)(16a'+81b')=(16a'—81b')(16a4+81b4)256ati—6561b'31ூq2௃ᵨ)HI7X8443111ூ௃$7ᦋᑏ8——8—ᦋᑏᡂ8+—᪵ᵨHI.44447—X8——(8——)(8+—)=8?—()=64——=63—.444441616ூᦟ\]^௃.q(6(ᵨ.ூ(6]^௃oᑮq1-2Ḅ(r&.ஹDᚪF/ூF/⚪1௃•(1)HIᑡᔜgIḄᐳᱯ<.'6x8=?J13xl5=?J61x63=?J59x61=?7x7=?114x14=?[62x62=?160x60=?(2)¡¢bḄ=>£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬(3)`£ᵨ®⊤°£ᡠ²°Ḅª«³§´.ூF/⚪2௃1.HI:(1)118X122(2)105X95(3)1007X9932.µ(2-1)(2+1)(22+1)(2'+1)-(232+1)+1Ḅ¶ᦪ.ூᦟ\]^௃gh(6·¸DᚪF/〉º»¼.ூ(6]^௃ᐜjklᡂb☢ḄF/⚪no¾BC.¿ஹÀᚪ/rstÁᓣூÃẆºÅ௃1.HI[2a2—(a+b)(a—b)][(—a—b)(—a+b)+2b2]2.ÈÉ(3x+4)(3x—4)ீ9(x—2)(x+3)3.ᑭᵨHI1.97X2.034.ᓄ̵Í:x'—(1—x)(1+x)(1+x2)ᐸx=-2.ூᦟ\]^௃(6Ï=ÃÐ⚞ḄÒÓÔÕ.ூ(6]^௃ᑖ¿Ö×gᔠÙ(rBC.

101ÚஹDᚪ×ÁÛÜ1.¨©ÝÞ¬ᨵ¨©ᱯ<¬2.£ᙠᵨ=>ᨵ¨©à¬3.ᙠᵨºáÔ¨©¬âqãä.åஹæçÙè⌱ᵨ⊡ᐙÙè.dìíH15.2.1()1ஹq(a+b)(a—b)=a°—b'/r15.2.2lᐰ()ᦟ(ï᪗1.ñòoᢈ¤>4lᐰ>ᵨ·¸ÌᓫḄI.2.=>o)>ᑭᵨö⚗oö⚗Ḅ)¢÷ᗩḄÔÕ4§lᐰ.:;lᐰḄHI).3.ùàஹ᝱ûoüÍ>ýþ(6ஹÿஹḄᦪᐙḼឋ⌼ឋ.ஹᐵ1.ᐰ!"#$Ḅ%&'ᵨ.2.ᐰ!"#$Ḅ'ᵨ.3.ᐵ)*⚗$*⚗$,-ᐭ/%&0ᐰ!"#$ᑭᵨ234ᒘ⊡☢8Ḅ"9ᩭ;#$Ḅ<=ឋ.ᦟᐹ@ᜓᑴCDEFabḄ<"GHIEFaJFbḄKL.ᦟ"9Mᵨ“O᛻——R”ᦟ"9TUᙠᡠXḄO᛻Y⚞[ᐰ!"#$Ḅᑁ].ᦟ^_`ஹXO᛻&ᐭab

102ூefgh௃jkᦑmn`oUp`pqrsᐙᦪtḄjkᦑm.ூU௃ᵫ`oU.vpwpqrsᐙᦪtḄjkᦑmᐸyU⊡ᐙ.ூᦟz௃{0|})ᦑmYᑮ⍝ᳮ(jᦟ)ூUk௃ᨵḄ,ᙠᐙᦪᡈHᐙ.ூᦟz&௃ᡠHᡃ}ᙠHḄCYᓟ¡¢rsᐙᦪ`£⌕ᨵ..¥ᜩ§}¨©ª«¬ᡃ⌕ᨵᨵᓭ¯ᐜUn§}ᡂ²☢Ḅ2⍝⚪(1)(2x-3)*(2)(x+y)2¼(3)(m+2n)2¼(4)(2x-4)2.ூU௃ᐜÀÁᡂHvÂÃÄÅvpᑖÇÂ(1)(2x-3)2=4X2-12X+9¼(2)(x+y)2=x2+2xy+y2¼(3)(m+2n)2=m2+4mn+4n2¼(4)(2x—4)2=4x"—16x+16.ூᦟz௃ÍÎUÏ^v☢ḄÐÑÒÓYḄÔ`⚗ÕÖஹ×ØÙ}Ḅᐳ§ᱯ.ூU௃ᑖÜÝÍÞß.ÕÖÞàá᝞²(1)ãDä`⚗åæDä`⚗Ḅ!",ãDᨬ`⚗åæDäè⚗Ḅ!"Yé`⚗åÙ}êë-8Ḅ2ì.(2)æD᝞ÓF“+”íãDᐰå“+”íæD᝞ÓF"`”íÙ}êë-8Ḅ2ìîF“`”íᐸïðF“+”í.ூᦟz{ñ௃òᡃ}îᑭᵨóᓫḄ(a+b)2(a-b)2÷;n§}ᑭᵨ*⚗$-9HIøḄùú÷ûÑ.ூU௃ûÑ0(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2¼(a-b)2=a2-2ab+b2,ᡂ`oUvpwLÇ.ூᦟz௃ᑭᵨUḄLÇᑁü0ý⁚ÿḄᦟᑁ——ᐰ.ᐰ(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2(a—b)2=a—2ab+b'.ᦪ(ᡈ")Ḅ#$%&'Ḅ#((ᡈ))&'Ḅ*Ḅ2+.,-./01ᳮ3#456☢Ḅ89:;.ூ89:;௃3>(1)@ᨵ91ᡠCḄDEFGḄHIᱏᔜLMN#OP᪷RSTD⚗T+Zab+b'⌱YZ[E\ᦪ]ḄHIᱏ#8^_`ab#cdeᡠ8^ḄabḄfᦪgh.(2)Pi᪷R92,k_k(a-b)-a?-2ab+b?ᔩoூpᚪrs௃t(1)⚪ᵫwxᔠz#ᙠ|s}ᡂ89:;#_#`wxot(2)⚪,4p#01ᙢC☢*Ḅᓄ#/ὶᑮ(a—b)2=a2—b2—2b(a—b)=a2—2ab+b2.

103Sஹ#[ᵨᡠ[1]ᵨᐰ(1)(—x—y)2;(2)(2y——)23(1)3_:(-x—y)2=[(—X)+(—y)]2=(—X),2(-X)(—y)+(—y)'=x2+2xy+y2;3S(―x—y)2=[—(x+y)]2=(x+y)2=x2+2xy+y2.(2)3_(2y—2=(2y)2-2•2y--+(-)2333“241=4y--y+_.3S(2y-J)=[2y+(--)33=(2y)2+2•2y•(——)+(——)33_41=4y——y+—.3-9ூ2௃ᵨ9999:3:9999=(10-1)=108-2X10'+1=100000000-20000+1=99980001.Dஹᚪ¡#¢£¤¥ூ¦Ạ¨¡௃nh(1)(---)2;(2)(2xy+3)2;32(3)(-ab+-)2;(4)(7ab+2)2.3ூ©ª¨¡௃(1)(-2x-3)*(2)(2x+3)2;(3)(2x-3)2;(4)(3-2x)2.ூᦟ«rs௃ᙠ/ᡂ“©ª¨¡”®¯#./1°_6±²#³³ᨵ´µF¶.ூ/rs௃ᑖwxᔠz¸¹#º»F¶᝞6½¾ᡠᨵḄ⚪¿À³z`ᦪḄḄᐰ(½)Á•`ᦪ³z(¾_`Ãᦪ)#᝞²`ᦪÄZÅḄÆÇ#ᑣ±²}ḄÉ_⚗ÀÄaḄ#᝞²`ᦪᐹᨵËÅḄÆÇ#ᑣ&'*Ḅ2+Ì_⚗ÍÄÃḄ.ூdẆÏÐ௃Ñ¥x+y=—2,xy=3,Òx,yஹஹpᚪw±

104Ó⁚p-Õa±b×2=a2±2ab+b2,`#ᙠ[ᵨÏ#Õ1×⌕-3Ḅ±᪀ᱯÛ..ÜÉ_`ÝÞßḄbᱯÛ#àáᢣᦪãᦪḄÆÇÕ2×äåḄæçghÕ3×éêḄᓄbÕ4×ìgᙠ[ᵨ}ḄᩩÕ5×[ᮣrᙢ[ᵨᩭ3⚪.ñஹòózôpÓP156⚪15.2t3ஹ4ஹ8ஹ9⚪.ùúû15.2.2ᐰÕ_×1ஹᐰÕa±b×2=/±2ab+b2¡15.2.2ᐰÕS×ᦟ¿᪗1.¥þÿᢈ>ᑖᐰ>ᵨᐰ⚪2.>ᳮ!"#$!%&'ᑮᱯ*Ḅ,-"./0123.3.5#ஹ᝱89:;><=>?Ḅᑖ᪆0ABᔠDḄEF"GHᑮᦪJKᳮḄL⌕9:.LஹNOᐵQ1.LOSTUᵨ!V"ᐰW.2.NOSX!ḄY᪀ᱯ[\]ᑁ_Ḅᳮ.3.ᐵQSXḄY᪀ᱯ[`aᐹGḄᑖ᪆"%c#dḄᱯOef\ᭆh.ᦟJjᵨ“lm.l”ḄᦟJ"opᦟJḄᨵᦔឋ.ᦟJ&ஹtuvw"./xyூᦟ{|௃1.~J&ᐰḄᑁ.2.ᨵ᝞ᵨூJ௃.:Va+bWVa—bW=a2—b2

105ᐰS(a±b)2=a'±2ab+b2Ḅaஹb¡\¢ᦪஹᓫ⚗ஹ¥⚗.¦ஹ¨JE"./-©ª¨1«¬K(2a3b4)(2a+3b+4)¯⚪ᐵQᙠ±TUḄᑖ²"&'³´¢Sµᐰ¶Ḅ⚗ᑖ·&²"¸ᔠ¶¹ஹºX:¶»Ḅ⚗ᑖ·¼&².ª¨2«¨a=1,b=2¾"¿Àᦪª(—a+b)2+(—a—b)1(—aL2b')Ḅ:.222ூ¨3௃Â-a+¨2,ab=—15,¿a'+bZḄ:.SV(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2,ÆÇÈ¡ᨵa2+b2=(a+b)2—2ab.µa+b=—2,ab=15ÀᐭÊ,ᑣa2+b2=(2)22X(15)=34.Íஹ./xyூÎᚪÐ௃Ð⚪1Sᵨ!¬KS19952—1994X1996.Ð⚪2SÂ-a+b=6,ab=8,¿(1)a2+b2(2)(ab)2.ÔஹÎᚪÕY1.Ö⁚Îᳮ!¢&Øᱯ*ÇḄ!"ÙÚᐰḄ.2.ᙠ!¬Kc"ᵨÛܬKḄ¯ᵨ"⌕ÙÚḄᵨᩩÞ"ßàḄá᪵"ᙠãä|åXᐹG⚪æ`açè;é"Aêë⚪æì᦮ᡈÆÇ"ïᵨ"ðᯠ"ᨵòóᵨḄ᦮!¬Kôõöᵨ&'Ḅ¥⚗!ᩭ`aø.ùஹúûDüÎÖP157ÿ5ஹ6ஹ7⚪.15.2.2ᐰ()1ஹᐰ(a±b)2=a?±2ab+b2:15.3.1!"ᦪ$Ḅ◀'ᦟ)*᪗1.,-.ᢈ0>234!"ᦪ5◀'Ḅ67'ᑣ;

106A;ᵨ!"ᦪ=◀'Ḅ67'ᑣ>?@▭B⚪.2.CD.'>EᔊGH!"ᦪIḄ◀'Ḅ67ឋKḄCDLMNOPQRḄSTLUVWᳮ0YZᨵᩩ]Ḅ⊤_0Y.3.abஹ᝱d.efg>bhᦪ)'ᑣஹḄijkஹZlk.mஹno.ᐵᐵq1.mo!"ᦪ$Ḅ◀''ᑣ.2.no!"ᦪrḄ◀''ᑣḄWs.3.ᐵqtᵨᦪ)uvḄ'LwᐭyḄ◀''ᑣ.ᦟ)'tᵨ“B⚪>?”ᦟ)'.ᦟ)CDNஹ|a᛻Lsᐭ~,ூa᛻wᐭ௃ᦟa59B⚪:Nᦪṹ᯿ᱏḄᦻ]ᜧ2SK,•26M(1M=2IOK)Ḅᘤ0᪵Ḅᦪṹ᯿ᱏN᝞¢7Ḅூᦟ£¤௃¥¦)§¨©ªὃᡂLᯠ®ᐜ¥ᑁ±²(4´¥)LµḼ·ᐰ¸±²L¹º)§»᩽G½L;ᵨᦪ)¾ᓄḄªÀᓄÁ§Â៉L¹º)§7'᪵ᓄL!᪵ÄÅ7ᳮḄÆÇ.ூ)§¤௃ᡂÈÉP159“B⚪”LËÌUÍLᑭᵨ◀'.Ï'ḄÐ⌮ᐵÒLÓÔ2'=2J2J256.ூ×ØGH௃᪷Ú◀'ḄSTÛÜLÝgÞ7ßàLáâãä(1)774-72=7°ç(2)10124-107=10°ç(3)x'+x'x".ூëì'ᑣ௃NíᙢLᡃðᨵa=+aña”(aWO,m,nõö᦮ᦪ,m>n).ᦻøÆÇ!"ᦪḄIù◀L"ᦪúûLᢣᦪùý.ூᦟ£¤௃¥¦)§þÿa#O?ஹᵨᡠூ1௃(1)x9-rx3!(2)m14-m!(3)(xy),-T-(xy)~!(4)(m—n)H(m—n)ூᱯ-ឋ/௃0123P160“01”⚪.᪷<◀>Ḅ@ABCDEFGHḄI(1)724-72=()!(2)10054-1006=()(3)a"+a"=()(aWO)

107ூ2ᚪQR௃ᙠTUᡂW☢ḄBC⚪YZ,ᦟ\]^TEFG_(1)724-72=72-2=7°!(2)100a1005=1006-5=100°!(3)an+a"=a"f=a°(aWO)a0=l(aWO),ᦻefg᝞i:klmno0ḄᦪḄ0qrsno1.ூ>ᑣuv௃wxᡃzᨵa—a"=a"f(aWO,m,ns|}᦮ᦪDm2n),ᓽᦻefgᦪ◀ᦪmᢣᦪ.ஹuv23P1601ஹ2ஹ3⚪.ூ0ẆC௃iᑡ|ᔲ}᝞Hm}᝞lᦋ}(1)(—xy)64-(—xy)2=—x'y'!(2)62n,t'-=-6ra=63=216!(3)lo-^2-i.-lo-^-iO10xxxxxஹ2ᚪGᦟ\G1.ᦪḄ◀>>ᑣ2.a°=l(a^O)@A3.ᑮ¡¢£ᡃz¤¥¦rḄ§>ᑣ¨¨©zḄª«.¬ஹ®¯°23P1641⚪.±²³15.3.1ᦪ´Ḅ◀>1ஹᦪrḄ◀>>ᑣa+a"=a"f:(aNO,m,ns|}᦮ᦪm>n)15.3.2ᓫ⚗◀¹ᓫ⚗ᦟ¡᪗1.»¼½ᢈ¿>ÀÁÂᓫḄᓫ⚗◀¹ᓫ⚗§!2.ÃĽÅ>>Æᔊ᦮È>Ḅ⌮§ᡈËᑖḄÍÎÏᳮÑᓫ⚗◀¹ᓫ⚗Ḅ§>ᑣḄÃÄÒÓ᦮◀>§

108.3.ÔÕஹ᝱×½ØÙEÚÛÜT0ÝḄÞßàáâãäᢧᡊçèḄÞßàáé.êஹ諽ᐵì1.ê«ᓫ⚗◀¹ᓫ⚗Ḅ§>ᑣ.2.è«ᳮíᓫ⚗◀¹ᓫ⚗Ḅ>ᑣDᵨᐸ>ᑣ.3.ᐵì§ᵨïðᦪḄ§Å>ᑗᐭᑮ᦮È>Ḅᓫ⚗ȹᓫ⚗§>ᑣḄᳮíYó.ᦟÅ>ôᵨ“]^——õö”>ÀÁᦟ.ᦟÃÄwஹ÷³Ô᛻^ᐭù»ூúû]ᐭ௃⚪Ñ᪍ýþÿ3ᨬḄὁᦟ5X6=30!⍝30+5=6,&'(᪵*Ḅᕖ,ூ./01௃34567⚪9᪍;ᑭᵨ>◀@A@Ḅ⌮CDEḄFG.ூᦟ01௃IEJ⚪9ᡃLMNᜩ.P>᦮RḄA@SᙠUᵨὁVW&LXYZW[᦮RḄ◀@Cᔩ,]^_ᡃᓫ⚗Rbᓫ⚗Rc◀Ḅ@ᑣ,ூ./01௃eὃ349ghLḄiᦪᐜc◀ᯠmgcnopḄqc◀ᐸḄopsnhḄᢣᦪUuvwᖪḄyR.ூᦟ01௃zᐭ|⚪z}./Cᵨᓫ⚗R◀_ᓫ⚗RḄ@ᑣ*~ᑡN⍝⚪.ூ|ᚪ௃*9(1)(x°y)-rx3(2)(16mzn2)4-(2m2n)(3)(x'y'z)"?(3x2y)ூ./01௃YZ*ᯠF5zᐭ|⚪.ூ@ᑣ௃ᓫ⚗Rc◀giᦪbnᦪᑖc◀vwᖪḄyRᙠ¡◀R¢ᨵḄopᑣsnhḄᢣᦪvwᖪḄ¤¥yR.¦ஹ©.Pªᵨᡠ.ூ©௃*9(1)63x7/+7x3/-256b1c4-10a1b.(2)a±ஹ²³´µ|¶P162P¸1ஹ2⚪.ூ¹Ẇ»¼௃½!10"=5,10"=4,¾IO""ḄÁ.Âஹ|ᚪÃFᓫ⚗R◀_ᓫ⚗RC»⌕ÅÆ9

1091.iᦪc◀bnᦪḄÇc◀ḄÈ9ὅC»ÊᢣᦪcËᯠÌMὅᨵᳮᦪḄ◀@.2.ᓫ⚗R◀_ᓫ⚗RÎÎὃ⇋᦮◀ḄÐÑ.ÒஹÓÔvÕ|¶P164P⚪15.3¸2ஹ4ஹ7⚪.Ö×Ø*15.3.2ᓫ⚗R◀_ᓫ⚗R1ஹᓫ⚗R◀_ᓫ⚗RḄ◀@@ᑣ©9P915.3.3Ù⚗R◀_ᓫ⚗Rᦟ.᪗i.!ÛbᢈX>ÞßàᓫḄÙ⚗R◀_ᓫ⚗RḄC.2.áâbã@>ᑭᵨ᦮R◀@Ḅ⌮CᡈὅåᑖḄã@æᳮEÙ⚗R◀_ᓫ⚗RḄC@ᑣçè᦮R◀@ḄC.3.Ðéஹ᝱ëbìÁí>îáᑖïðñ.PòóᙠW[ᐹò7⚪ḄáâõböᔠvḄø⌕ឋúû./ḄüFývþÿ,ᔠḄ.ஹᐵ1.⚗◀ᓫ⚗ḄᑣḄ!"#ᑣḄ$%ᵨ.2.⚗◀ᓫ⚗ḄᑣḄ'()ᵨ.3.ᐵ*⌮ᐭ-"ᑭᵨᓫ⚗ᓫ⚗/◀Ḅ◀ᑣ0ᑖ2345ஹ678⚗◀ᓫ⚗Ḅᑣ.ᦟ:ᵨ“<=——!”Ḅᦟ.ᦟ@ABஹCDᔠ"<=!ூFᚪH(௃1.<-4a2b)24-(2ab2)

1102.-16(xY)1(--y)2UX23.(2xy)',(-x'y!z2)4-(—2x"y'z)'U4.18xy2-?(—3xy)—4x?y+(—2xy).ூᦟ_`a௃“(6xy+8y)+(2y)”᝞cdeூfg௃/hij"ᜧᦪmᨵoᑮdqr.ூᦟ_fg௃stB⍝⚪wd(ad+bd)+d,d(1)(x'y'+4xy)+x(2)(xyf—2xy)4-(xy)ூfg௃ᑖ|}CD~ᡂij⚗◀ᓫ⚗Ḅᑣ⚗ᓫ⚗/◀ᵨᑖ23ᓄᓫ⚗ᓫ⚗/◀"ᑭᵨᓫ⚗ᓫ⚗/◀Ḅᑣd.ூ_ᐳ௃⚗◀ᓫ⚗"ᐜ⚗ḄB⚗◀ᓫ⚗"ᡠḄᖪ/.ஹ")ᵨᡠூ௃d(1)(18X1-4X2-2X)+2X(2)(36x'y3—14x3y2—7x2y2)4-(—7x2y)(3)[(m—n)n(2m+n)—8m]4-2mஹF¡P163(⚪.ூ£Ẇ¥¦௃§ᑡd©ᔲ$%e᝞«$%")¬᪵ᦋ$e(1)-4ab24-2ab=2b(2)(14a3-2a2+a)4-a=14a2-2a.|ஹFᚪC5⚗◀ᓫ⚗¥)°±²Ḅa⚪B©ᡠ◀Ḅᖪ⌕ᑏᡂḕᶍ·¸Ḅ¹ᦪ0"©◀º◀«»ᣚ"½⌕°±¾¿")ᮣfᙢᵨᨵᐵÂ.ÃஹÄÅÆF¡P164Ç3ஹ5ஹ6ஹ8⚪.ÉÊËd15.3.3⚗◀ᓫ⚗1ஹ⚗◀ᓫ⚗Ḅ◀ᑣ(15.4.1ÌᑖÍ

111ᦟw᪗1.Ïᢈ»>ÒᑖÌᑖÍ᦮ÔḄᐵÕ.2.@A>Öᔊ*ᑖÍÌᦪᑮᑖÍÌḄØÙ@A"ÚÛÌᑖÍḄᭆÝ"ÞßÌᑖÍᙠÍáa⚪²Ḅᵨ.3.âÞஹ᝱äåæç>ᙠ£èÌᑖÍḄḄfg²"éêᨵᩩᳮḄqὃஹ⊤ïḄ»ð"éêñ᩽Ḅó±"ôõᦪÏḄᑁᙠ÷øåæ.ஹᐵ1.ùÍÌᑖÍḄ±ø"Þßᐸᵨ.2.᦮ÔÌᑖÍûüḄᐵÕ.3.ᐵý@ᑖÍÌᦪþᐭᑮᑖÍÌ"ØÙ"ÿᳮ.ᦟᵨ“”Ḅᦟ.ᦟஹ᛻ᐭூ⚪ᱫ௃!"#$☢Ḅ2'⚪(⚪1(720-./0ᦪ᦮◀4556Ḅ7.⚪2(8a=102,b=98?@a'-b?ḄD.EஹFGὶ7IJKL"M(6NO$☢ḄPQᔩ41.ma+mb+mc=()()X2./4=()()X3.x2-2xy+y2=()2.ூ^_ᐳa௃b'c⚗eᓄᡂh'᦮eḄiḄjekObl'c⚗emeᑖokOᑖme.pஹqrstᐳ"#ூ⚪ᱫ௃(1)$ᑡᔜewxᑮzḄ{j|ᔲ~meᑖ(জ(x+1)(X—1)=x2—1;ঝa■'—l+b'=(a+1)(a—1)+b'Xঞ7x—7=7(x-1).(2)ᙠ$ᑡP〉8Ḅ⚗eᡂ.জ9x()+2=(3x+y)().®x2_4xy+()=(x_)I

112ஹI.ூ"Ẇ?Q௃(993-99-.100᦮◀ᔩ4ஹᚪq¡ᵫ_£¤¥¦q¡ᦟ^§¨᝞$ª«(1.¬kmeᑖ42.meᑖ®᦮e¯ᨵ±²³4´ஹµ¶·¸⌱ᵨ⊡ᐙ·¸.¼½15.4.1meᑖ1ஹmeᑖ¾((15.4.2§Àmeᦟ«᪗1.Âa®ᢈ->ÅÆc⚗eᔜ⚗ḄÀmeX>Çᵨ§Àmeᑖme.2.®>_Èᔊ"Mc⚗eᔜ⚗ÀmeḄÊËᦪᓄÌK7¥¦meᑖ.3.Íஹ᝱Ï®ÐDÑ>ÒÓ_ᑖ᪆ஹÕÖ×ØᓄÌḄK7Ù¥_Ḅᔠ·ÛÜÝaÞti᩽ᙢiáÅÆÀmeḄâãÈäåNᐸÇᵨÐD.çஹèé®ᐵë1.çé(ìíᵨ§Àmebc⚗eᑖme.2.èé(îÅᙢÅÆc⚗eḄᨬᜧÀme.3.ᐵë(§Àmeᐵë|᝞±ñÀme.|(òóᦪஹEòôõ.ÀmeḄóᦪöᔜ⚗óᦪḄᨬᜧÀ÷ᦪXôõöᔜ⚗øḄôõùúᔜôõḄᢣᦪöᨬüýþ.ᦟᵨ“ÿ”ᦟ.

113ᦟஹᐭூ௃ᑡᑮḄ!"#ᔲ#%ᑖ'()*+(1)2x?+4=2(X2+2)6(2)2t2-3t+l=-(2t3-3t2+t)6t9(3)x2+4xy—y2=x(x+4y)—y26(4)m(x+y)=mx+my6(5)x'2xy+yJ(x—y)2.A⚪C1.D⚗ᵪn+mbIᔜ⚗KᨵMN%ᔩ+2.D⚗4xJ—xPxyJ—yz—yᕖ+STUVD⚗ᑖWᑏᡂZ[%Ḅ\]Ḅ"^_`ᳮb.ூᦟcde௃ᡃghD⚗Iᔜ⚗iᨵḄjᐳḄ%lmn[D⚗Ḅj%᝞ᙠmn+mbIḄj%#m,ᙠ4x?xIḄj%#x,ᙠxy2—yz—yIḄj%#y.ᭆsC᝞t[D⚗Ḅᔜ⚗Kᨵj%u*vwxhn[j%yzᩭ|TD⚗ᓄᡂZ[%\]"n~ᑖ'%Ḅlmyj%.ஹᔠூᦟcyA௃D⚗4x2—8x\16ab—4ab—8ab‘ᔜ⚗Ḅj%#)*+ூcᐳ௃yj%Ḅ#ᐜᔜ⚗Ḅj%TD⚗◀xn[j%ᑮ[%j%ᦪஹj%Ḅᦪᔜ⚗ᦪḄᨬᜧjᦪ6ᔜ⚗MNḄ^ᔜḄᢣᦪᨬ¡ᗩ.£ஹ¥¦ᵨᡠூ¥1௃h4x"yz—12xy'z+4xyzᑖ'%.'C—4x2yz—12xy2z+4xyz=—(4x2yz+12xy2z—4xyz)=-4xyz(x+3y-1)ூ¥2௃ᑖ'%3a-(x—y)'—4b2(y—x)2ூª«¬௃®¯ᡠ°D⚗wxzj%(y-x)2ᡈ(x-y)2,²#ᨵZ~!"(x-y)3=-(y—X)'P(X—y)J(y—X)C,|ᑮ☢Z~ᑖ'.'1C3a2(x—y)—4b~(y—x)2=—3a2(y—x)3—4b2(y—x)2µ1(y—x);#3a'(y—x)+4b'(y—x)1=—(y—x)2[3a2(y—x)+4b1=µ(y—x)2(3a2y—3a2x+4b2)'2C3a2(x—y)3—4b2(y—x)2=(x—y)~•3aJ(x—y)—4b2(x—y)2(x—y)2[3a2(x—y)—4b2]

114=(x—y)2(3a2x—3a2y—4b2)ூ¥3௃ᵨ»¼Ḅ½¾C0.84X12+12X0.6-0.44X12.ூᦟcÀÁ௃®¯^ᑖ᪆Ä᪵½¾Æ(»¼.':0.84X12+12X0.6-0.44X12=12X(0.84+0.6-0.44)=12X1=12.ூᦟcÀÁ௃ᙠÈᐰ¥3ÊËᢣz¥3#%ᑖ'ᙠ½¾IḄ¦ᵨyzÌÍ¥1,¥2,¥3Ḅj%ᨵ)*ÎN+ÏஹÐÑÒÓÔÕP167ØÙ1ஹ2ஹ3⚪.ூẆÛÜ௃ᑭᵨyj%½¾C0.582X8.69+1.236X8.69+2.478X8.69+5.704X8.69ßஹÔᚪá1.ᑭᵨyj%%ᑖ'ᐵã#äᨬᜧj%.ᙠᨬᜧj%Û¦åæC(1)ᦪ⌕ᨬᜧjᦪ6(2)⌕ᔜ⚗iᨵḄ6(3)ᢣᦪ⌕ᨬ¡è.2.%ᑖ'¦åæᑖ'éêëv#_ᑖ'ᑮÎìᑖ'(í.îஹïðñÔÕP170⚪15.4Ù1ஹ4(1)ஹ6⚪.òóô½15.4.2yj%1ஹyj%¥CØC15.4.3j(—)ᦟõ᪗1.÷ᢈì>¦ᵨúûjüý%ᑖ'.2.÷>þᔊᑭᵨᑖḄḄ⌮ᔣᦪḄ᦮ឋ.3.%ஹ᝱()*+,

115-./01Ḅ2345Ḅ6789ᦪᙠ;▭=⚪?Ḅ@ᵨ*+.AஹBC)ᐵE1.ACFᑭᵨᑖ.2.BCF⚞9ᑖḄ⚪HIJᑖḄKLឋ.3.ᐵEF@ᵨ⌮ᔣḄᔣMNOPḄ@ᵨ✌ᐜ⌕TUᐸᱯXᐸY⌕Z1Ḅ[\]=⚪^ᓄᡂab@ᵨḄ☢dᩭ.ᦟghᵨ“=⚪j”Ḅᦟglᙠ=⚪ḄᱫnopqrḄ.ᦟsஹ,tu8vwூ=⚪ᱫn௃z{|}~oᑡᔜ.(1)(a+5)(a—5)(2)(4m+3n)(4m—3n).ூ3௃3}~Od☢Ḅ⍝⚪dM.(1)(a+5)(a-5)=a2-52=a-25(2)(4m+3n)(4m—3n)=(4m)2—(3n)2=16m2—9n2.ூᦟ3௃nᡂo☢Ḅ⍝⚪ᵨᦪ“2⌮”ḄᑖḄ.1.ᑖ:a2—252.ᑖ16m‘s9n.ூ3௃⌮ᔣᐭᑮo☢ᫀF(1)a2-25=a2-5=(a+5)(a-5).(2)16m2—9n2=(4m)2—(3n)?=(4m+3n)(4m—3n).ூᦟ3௃nᡂa?-b2=(a+b)(a-b)Ḅ{O⚪Fᵨᑖ.:a2—b2=(a+b)(a—b).᪆F?Ḅ¡¢aஹb,ᦟ?£⌕¤¥so¦§⊤©ᦪஹª¡¢Ḅ«ᦪ(ᓫ⚗ஹ¯⚗).±ஹ³6@ᵨᡠூ³1]oᑡᔜᑖF(ᢗ¶·©ᡈ¹)(1)X-9y(2)16x'—y1(3)12a2x2—27b2y2(4)(x+2y)2—(x—3y)2(5)m2(16x—y)+n'(y-16x).ூºC»௃ᙠ,t?¼15⚪ᙳ¾¿ḄᱯX¦§Àᵨᑖ.ூᦟ3௃ÁḄÂ(ᑖz5ÃdÄM.ூ3௃ᑖÅÆÇÈᔠÊË.F(1)X2—9yz=(x+3y)(x—3y)(2)16x'sy'=(4x2+y2)(4x2—y2)=(4x2+y2)(2x+y)(2x—y)(3)12a2x2—27b2y2=3(4a2x2—9b2y2)=3(2ax+3by)(2ax—3by)

116(4)(x+2y)(x—3y)2=[(x+2y)+(x—3y)][(x+2y)—(x—3y)]=5y(2x—y)Ö(5)(16x—y)+n"(y—16x)=(16x—y)(m'—n2)=(16x—y)(m+n)(m—n).ÝஹÞßàáP168ä6å1ஹ2⚪.ூẆç௃1.èéFênëì᦮ᦪnF'-nḄ+sîë6Ḅïᦪ.2.ðéñòóᏔᦪḄaõsñ᜻ᦪ᦮◀.òóᏔᦪḄaõsñ᜻ᦪ᦮◀.ÅஹᚪÇùᵨᑖ✌ᐜ@TUúñḄᱯX.ᑖ᪆¯⚗ḄYᦪJ⚗ᦪᯠüýþî.᝞⚗⚗ὃ⇋ᵨ᝞⚗ᨵᐜ⌕“”!"ᨬ$%&'()-+,⌕ᓄ.ᑖ01+,2⌕ᑖ0!".4ஹ6789:;P171?⚪15.4D2ஹ4(2)ஹ11⚪.HIJK15.4.3M(N)1ஹ)O)a2—b2=(a+b)(a—b)U?:15.4.3M()ᦟXY᪗i.\]^ᢈ`>ᵨbᐰdeᑖ0.2.fg^M>hᔊjkᑭᵨbᐰdeᑖ0Ḅfgno⌮ᔣrsḄ&tuvᑖ0Ḅw;xy.3.znஹ᝱|^}~>Ḅᳮ`“ᓄ”^“ᣚᐗ”ḄrMᡂᮣḄᵨ`.ஹ(^ᐵ1.()ᳮ0bᐰᑖ0Xᵨ.2.()ᮣᙢᵨMdeᑖ0.3.ᐵ)ᵨ“ᓄ”ஹ“ᣚᐗ”ḄrM⚪deNḄᓄᑮ`ᵨMᑖ0

117ḄYḄ.ᦟXMᵨ“j”ᦟXMᙠᦟ¢〉¤ᢣ¦§bᡂ;⁚:ᑁª.ᦟXfgNஹ«¬®¦ᐭ°\ூ⚪ᱫ³௃1.ᑖ0)(1)—9xJ+4y"(2)(x+3y)(x—3y)'9(3)—xJ—0.Oly2.49ூ\]¾¿௃2.KÀ§ᑡᔜ)(1)(m-4n):(2)(m+4n)"(3)(a+b)2(4)(a-b)2.ூᦟ¢Å௃³¦XÆbᡂ§☢'⍝⚪ÉᵨᦪX“Ë⌮”ḄrÌÍᑖ0ḄÎÏ.3.ᑖ0)(1)m2—8mn+16n2(2)m-+8mn+16n2(3)a2+2ab+b'(4)a2—2ab+b\ூXÆÅ௃Ó⌮ᔣrsḄÔ|ᐭÕÖ×ᑮ§☢Øᫀ)0:(1)m2—8mn+16n2s(m—4n)2(2)m2+8mn+16n2=(m+4n)2(3)a2+2ab+bJ=(a+b)'(4)tf—2ab+b'=(a—b)J.ூÝ௃bᐰa°±2ab+bJ(a±b)ஹOX?ᵨᡠXூO1â§ᑡᔜᑖ0)(1)-4a2b+12ab2-9b3(2)8a-4a,1ä(3)(x+y)2—14(x+y)+49(4)\+n93åO2â᝞xஹaxy+l6y2bᐰæaḄ~.ூrç(è௃᪷êbᐰḄët0ì⚪1ᑖ'ízîᓽ'ᦪðḄᡈὅ'ᦪḄᵫìôæõaḄ~ᓽæõI.÷ஹøùúû:;P170U?D1ஹ2⚪.ூjẆ1ý௃1.þ\x+y=7,xy=10,æ§ᑡᔜḄ~.(1)x2+y2(2)(x—y)22.þ\x+ÿ=-3,/+Ḅ.XXஹᚪ

118ᵫ⚗Ḅᑖ᦮!"#$᦮%!&ᩭᑏ")*ᑮ⚗ᑖḄ%",⌕Ḅᨵ/0123a2—b2=(a+b)(a—b):a2±ab+b2=(a±b)2.ᙠ=ᵨ%ᑖ?"⌕@A3(1)C2%ḄDᱯF"G&H⚗Ḅ⚗ᦪஹJᦪKḄLMᑖ᪆ᩭOP"QᔲS/ᵨ%ᑖ/TᵨU2%ᑖ"GVQ"W⚗Q⚗?"ὃ⇋ᵨZ[\%ᑖ3W⚗Q1⚗?"]ὃ⇋ᵨ^ᐰZ[%ᑖ:(2)ᙠᨵ`ab0"⚗cPdefᵨ%"◤⌕hi〉WḄkᔠஹmDஹnᣚp"qrᵨ%ᑖ:(3)W⚗ᔜ⚗ᨵ%?"]t✌ᐜὃ⇋w%"ᯠpq=ᵨ%ᑖ.yஹz{|}~P171⚪15.43ஹ5ஹ7ஹ8⚪.15.4.3%()1ஹ^ᐰZ[%33a2±2ab+b2=(a±b)°3

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