2015高考真题——理科综合（天津卷）含解析

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2015
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¬Ḅ232=NaSO.ᦑ᪷þᱥᧇឤ24c(Na*)=2c(S03)ᦑA⚗┯ᔣᐭ0.05molCaO,ᑣCaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2ᑣc(OH-),ᜧ.Ca2++COj2-=CaCO|,1CO2-+HO^=^3034+056⊝89332c(HCC)34):;ᦑ┯<=>ᑮ@ᵨB஺,ᜧᦑB⚗EFC⚗ᐭ50mLH0,IJKᜧCO2"+HO^^HCO3—+OH—6⊝N9Oc(OH-):;Na2co332H\OHᙳRSᵯUᦑRSᵯUVḄc(H+)c(OH):;ᦑC⚗┯D⚗ᐭ0.1molNaHSO[INaHSO\]⏚⏚_`ᵯUVH*aCO2ᑣ\443Na2s஺4ᕈឋᦑpH:;@ᐭfNa',ᦑc(Na*),ᜧD⚗┯h⚪⌱B»ὃm:`oSp6⊝ᵨ஺6ஹstuvᙠ2LḄxyzᘤᐭImoIX(g)2molY(g)X(g)+mY(g)=i3Z(g),6⊝XஹYஹZḄIJᑖᦪᑖ\30%ஹ60%ஹ10%஺ᙠ36⊝IᐭImolZ(g),ᑮ6⊝XஹYஹZḄIJᑖᦪK஺vᑡḄAஹm=2Bஹ6⊝Ḅ6⊝ᦪCஹXaYḄ6⊝ᓄ᳛H\1:1Dஹ6⊝ZḄu\0.4mol[Tூ¤ᫀ௃D■ூp᪆௃•,ª⚪ᑖ᪆stuvᙠḄxyzᘤᐭlmoX(g)2moY(g)X(0-tr.Y(g)-3Z(g),6⊝YஹZḄIJᑖᦪᑖ\3T஺ஹ63஺஺ஹᙠ36⊝IᐭlmoZ(g),ᑣ®¯ᦔ\¯ᦔ6⊝Iᔠᙠᔠ²³´XஹYஹZḄIJᑖᦪKOᓫ¶IJᑁIᑖ¸¹ᦪº»¼½¾¿ᱯᑡÁᳮ6⊝Ã1ᓫ¶IJᑁᑖ¸¹ᦪ:;Äᔣ9ÅOᑮ6⊝\ஹYஹZ'ḄIJᑖᦪKᑣÆÇm-l=3,ᦑm=2,A⚗EF4ᓄÈḄ6⊝ᦪÉatuᨵᐵ‘6⊝tuKᦑ6⊝Ḅ6⊝ᦪ3⚗EFmV,ᑣÎÏÐஹaYH\ᑣÑÒᵫÄÒ_®ÔḄஹaYH\1ᦑ'aYḄ6⊝ᓄ᳛H\11,C⚗EF”=ᑣÖ\×ØI¹ÐKḄᦑ6⊝ZḄᱥÚḄÐ\4*135o=CUmo,ᦑZḄu\G.4n:o-=□moᦑ஺⚗┯h⚪⌱D.■■■ὃmᓄÈ6⊝9ÅÁᳮßàá஺7.(14ᑖ)ãÁ¸äᦪḄ⌴,æçèᕜêᐗì(ᵨíîX⊤ð)Á¸ñòḄóᜧ;ஹᨬõEöᡈᨬøùöḄKᓄ᝞vûᡠð஺

16᪷½ᑨÿḄᐗ⚪:(1)fᙠᐗᕜ⊤Ḅ஺(2)dஹeḄḄ(ᵨᓄ⊤!"#)>:gஹhḄᨬ'()ᓄᱥ+,Ḅ-ᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋ012>஺(3)3⌱56ᐗ7ᡂ9:;<ᐳ(ᓄᔠᱥ!ᑏᐸᵯo(4)CDlmoleḄᓫFᙠGHd2IJK!ឮMNOP!Q255.5kJRH!ᑏST,ḄRᓄUV2஺(5)56ᐗW7ᡂXR2zx4f(gdj,ᔣZᨵlOmLlmoH/t\]ḄK^I_`lmoHJiNaOH\]!abᱥFḄHcNaOH\]defᓄgh᝞"2জRjkᵫᜧᑮḄop2஺ঝᑏrT,ḄstUVoঞvR\]ᦋ`20mLi.2moll?Ba9Hb\]!ᐙᑖT,z!\]I{|abḄᱥFḄH}mol,ூᫀ௃(1)ᕜIHA(2)r(O2)>r(Na+),HCIO>HSO424(3)H-(ᡈH2§2O2HH2CMC2H)(4)2Na(s)+O(g)=NaO(s)H=-511kJ-mor1222(5)জC(SO/)>C(NH4!)>C(A|3+)>C(H+)>C(OH)(2)NH++OH=NH-HOঞ0.022432ூᫀ௃ூ᪆௃⚪ᑖ᪆2hIḄᓄᔠ(<Ḅᜧ!W⌨xHᐗ!yCᐗ!zNᐗ!d

170ᐗ!eNaᐗ!fAlᐗ!gSᐗ!hClᐗ஺(1)fAlᐗ!ᙠᐗᕜ⊤ḄᕜIHA஺(2)ᵯ᪀#Ḅ!᪶ᵯ₹ᦪᜧ,ᦑr(02)>r(Na*)ឋ0ᨬ'()ᓄᱥ-ᓄᱥḄ⏚ឋ0!ᦑHCIC)4>H2s஺4H:N:H(3);<ᐳ(ᓄᔠᱥ!WNH3ஹ஺2ஹc2H2¡!ᐸᵯ}2'H(ᡈH:P:9:HH2C2C2H)(4)ImolNaḄᓫFᙠGHO2IJK!Q255.5kJRH!ᑣST,ḄRᓄUV}22Na(s)+O(g)=NaO(s)H=-511kJ-mo-222(5)জRNH4AI(SO4)2,A{+NH4+-Vk¨ᜧ!ᦑjkᵫᜧᑮḄop2c(SO23')4>C(NH4+)>C(AF+)>C(H')>C(OH)ঝmr©VI`ᐭ«)ᓄ¬abᱥFḄHf!NHJ®|¯T,!UV}2NH++OH=NH-HO432ঞlOmLlmoH?NH4Al(SO),\]IAl"ᱥFḄH}O.Olmol,NHjḄᱥFḄH}O.Olmol,S(V-ḄᱥFḄH}0Q2mol,20mLi.2moM?Ba(OH)2\]Ba?+ᱥFḄH}0.024mol,஺À}0.048mol,T,|ᡂab}0.022mol஺ὃr2ᓄhÂஹX·-ஹḄᜧ஺8.(18ᑖ)ᡡ᪻⏚Å|ᱥÆ⌕ḄÈÉIÊd!AB}<ᧇᔠᡂᡡ᪻⏚Å|ᱥFÌÍ᝞"2(1)AḄᑖ}C2H2O3,W®|ÎÏT,!Ðᐹᨵ⏚ឋ!Aᡠ±ÓÔÕÖ×}2,ᑏA+BfCḄᓄT,UV}.`.(2)”Iজஹঝஹঞ3°9OHḄ⏚ឋᨵ0ᑮ1Ḅop2o(3)Eᵫ2ᑖC|ᡂḄ±ᨵ3°²ᐗ³Ḅᓄᔠᱥ!EḄᑖI#ᓄ³᛻Ḅ«<ᨵ________:஺(4)D¶FḄT,·¸,lmolFᙠ9¹ᩩ»"¼GHNaOH\]T,!ᨬ½¾ὑNaOHḄᱥFḄH}2mol.

18ᑏÙᔠ"ᑡᩩ»ḄFḄᡠᨵ#ᑖÛ᪀dÜὃ⇋ÞdÛ᪀ßḄ᪀à2জஹá9ᐗ⏚·ᓄᔠᱥ!ঝஹâ³5ãᨵ2°äåæÐᜐá+!ᐸI9°èæR-CHLCOOHR-CH-COOH5
CD2,CIAᨵ½:ᔠᡂUé!ᙠU᪾Iᑏᵫë⏚ᔠᡂAḄÌÍìVhÜᐸí<ᧇ3⌱ßᔠᡂÌÍìVhî᝞"2ᙳð᝞bò஺H:ᩆACH/WCACHO011I-OHC(X)H011110ூᫀ௃পôæஹõæ(2)ঞ>জ>ঝব47,ùü®ᓱro?ঞAজுঝ3
CEᨵ:'()'2ᑖCFGᓄFᡂ3

19ghᐗjḄᓄᔠᱥ&CḄᑖ!mḄ☋op9qp"⏛ᓄ&sḄᑖ!0@tᓄuj᛻Ḅw!ᨵ4y.(4){|3FḄ}᪀&!opḄ&ᡠD-FḄ&F0Ḅᨵ!ஹopஹ⏛p&w$ᓄ&ᡠ1CD2.■ᔠᩩḄtᑖ᪀ᨵ(“᪷&¡⏚£C*&ᙠ¥¦§¨ᐭ©gᓴ«!&ᓴ«!:¬ᵨ¨ᐭ⏣op&⏣op$ᓄ(ᑮ°p&ᦑ±BPCIj_NaOH.H^DI.<-UCH*COOH*CHCCOOH~CHOHCOOXa*CHOHCOOH""*HOCC:.OOE.ὃLMᑖN᪀OḄPᑏஹSTᨵUVWஹᨵUᔠᡂYZ஺9.(18ᑖ)\]ᓺᑵᵯYa"bᵯ\cᱥᐸEfḄghiᑮklEḄmᓝo஺pqᢈs"tuvḄᓺᑵᵯYawxஹ⃓zஹᵯ{|}~ᑮf{஺ᓄ45qᦈf(ᑴz6᝞Cu*4114Hᑡ⚪(1)1"tCUᓄCu(NH3U+,E஺2Ḅ}ᵨ"஺ᑏ|}জḄ஺(2)II"fxEḄCU(NH+ᨵUᱥRHᑏḄ56_஺3|}ঝᵨᑮḄ¢⌕¤ᘤᐸ¦Ḅ"(§?¨)஺a.©ªfᐗ¬b.fᐗ¬®xEḄᱥ¯ᑖC.°±Cl?+ᙠ®EḄx³(3)HI"ᨵUxEḄCUR´µ⏚ᡂCuSO24¶|}ঞᵨ·¸¹EºᙠḄ┯¼"஺(4)|}টFl¾}ᵯ᩽ᵯCUSO4x஺▢᩽᪆f□᩽ᱥ"஺|}ঠᵫµ⏚fxᑴḄ¢⌕ÄÅ"஺

205
6EᨵÆÇÈÉÊᑺḄÌÍᵨÎᵨÏZ᪗ÑᜐÓÆᜐḄᑺ"—oÌÍᵨḄNHCIᙠIEḄ¢⌕}ᵨ"»4ூᫀ௃17}×ᓄᑺØÙ2
CUNH
2t+2RH=2NH++2NH+CuRᑖÚᧅab344323
RHᑖÚᧅÜÝÞß☠áâᑁäOØå4
0H2s஺4±æçèéᓾ-ᨔØÙ25
H2so4■íᵫ9xEḄc0H
ØîᡂCu0H
2ïðூ᪆௃⚪ᑖ᪆1
I"tCuᓄCuNH
?-,Cuñ×ᓄᑣEò6Ḅ}ᵨ"}×ᓄᑺ|}জ"ôõö(OᑖᡠF|}Ø᦮*7᪷,6/CmNHᨵUᱥRHᡂCuR(ùஹúᓄûᡠFḄ56"CuiXH-CtiR.*|}ঝ"ô®üᨵUüᑖᡠFᑖ|},◤⌕Ḅ¢⌕¤ᘤᑖÚᧅ*Cuᐗ¬©ªᙠᨵUüᡠF|}Ḅ¦Ḅ"ÿCuᐗḄᱥᑖᫀ⌱ab3
CuR&ᐗ-1ᡠIIIᨵḄCuR!"⏚$ᡈCuSC&RH'(ঞᵨḄ+,-.ᑖ/ᧅ1234☠67ᑁ9:ᑖ/ᧅᑁḄ;<=4
>?.ᵯ᩽ᵯBCuSO..▢᩽᪆Fᑣ□᩽▢IJKLMᵯ$NOPQRJISTUᜧᡠ□᩽ḄWᱥᨵ0ஹᵫZᑮᨔ;Ḅ-.]^_`abSceᓾgᨔ+h:j-.টZᑮḄ"⏚lᵨᙠnᡠopqrsḄtᑺHSO_vᓄ•y⏚ឋl{|JK᪷IḄST■ᵫḄn0H
+$ᡂCuOH
.ὃὃᱥḄᑴᜓḄᑖ᪆ᑨIḄᑏ-.Ḅᑨ10.14ᑖjFeCIᐹᨵ.ᵨῖ⇨ᜓᔠvᓄ_qḄ¡ᑺᜐᳮ¤3¥FeCbᦔ:ῖ⇨ឋ§஺©ª«ᑡ⚪1jFeCIḄ¯ᳮ—oFeCIῖ⇨±ᜓ◀³.ᵨ᜜µ_¶⌕¯¸33ᵨI⊤ºjo2
⁚¼ᡂ½¾¿ᵨNaCIC>3Kᓄ⏚ឋFeCkÀZᑮFeCb஺জÂ⏚ឋFeCIÀcFe2+
=2.0xl0-2molL1,cFe3+
=1.0xl0-3mol-L1cCI2,_
=5.3xlCf2mo¿ÃᑣÄḄPH¼஺

21ঝÆᡂNaCIOKᓄFeCIḄI:32□ciOj'+DFe2+-C=□cr-tOFe3+-C.(3)FeCIᙠᑖp]B3Fe3++HO1Fe(OHW+K&2Fe(OH)2++HOi=^Fe(OH)++H+K222FefOHf+HjO^Fe(OH)+H+K33¿BḄÇ⊝ÉᦪKiஹ&ஹK3ᵫᜧᑮ§ḄËÌ—oÍ+ÎᑴᩩпBWᱥᔠ$ᡂᔠKᓄI:xFb+ydOUFe(OH)(3x-v)++yH+xyÑÇ⊝ÒᔣÔÕlÖᵨḄ×(ÙÌÚ)஺a.{Üb.a!Ýc.aᐭNHCI&aᐭNaHCO43ßÜ«vᓄàᓄSTᔠvᓄḄᐵâᩩЗ஺(4)ᜩäå¤ᜐᳮᔆᵨvᓄᓄ¤Ḅgç᝞«éᡠº஺ᵫéᦪêZFëᓣ¤ᢗMᔠvᓄîFe(mg-L”)⊤ºïḄᨬñó¼mg-L^oூᫀ௃(1)Fe?+B$ᡂḄFe(OHb÷;øIùᔾ▬Ḅüýᩖ2Fe3++Fe=3Fe2t(2)জ2ঝ166H+163HO2(3)K1>K>Kbdÿ⁚
ḄpH23(4)18—20ூ᪆௃⚪ᑖ᪆(1)Fe3*ᡂḄFe(OH)3ᔾ▬Ḅᩖᡠ!ᑮ#Ḅ$ᵨ&'()ᜓḄFe+,(-./ᡂ0(--12342Fe3++Fe=3Fe2(2)জ᪷7ᵯ₹:ឤ,ᑣ
>-Ḅ?@4c(CI)-2c(Fe2+)-3c(Fe3+)=1.0xl0-2mol-L1,ᡠpH=2&ঝ᪷7⚪BC⏚EFᓄ⏚ឋḄCᓄ0(ᑣ./ᱥᨵ>-KLᑣᡂᱥᨵᡂCIᐗNḄᓄᔠPQ+5PRSᑮ-1PTᑮ6UᵯVFeᐗNḄᓄᔠPQ+2PᓣXᑮ+3PᜫZ1Uᵯ᪷7Tᜫᵯ:ឤᑣC⏚᪷-Ḅ[ᦪ]1,Fe?'Ḅ[ᦪ]6,ᑣ(-Ḅ[ᦪ^46,C-_•Ḅ[ᦪ41,᪷7ᵯ₹:ឤᑣ>-Ḅ[ᦪ46,

22Ḅ[ᦪ43&3
(-Ḅᑖ]bcd2@⌲fghᡠi⊝kᦪ⌲fglᑣK>K>Kmi⊝nᔣpqr]]ᔾs./ᡠRti⊝⌮ᔣpqLvw,X23-ᑣi⊝^nᔣpq&LᐭCᓄ⛽Cᓄ⛽
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