浙江省春晖2021-2022学年高三（最后冲刺）化学试卷含解析

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2021-2022ὃᓄᔁ
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6]ABFGH⁐IJKABCᨵFe2+,MFe?+

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2A.□ḄᱥḄ&°±½¾ঝd|¾ঞB.¾জᡠÀc(CN)+c(HCN)<2c(CDC.¾ঝᡠÀc(Na+)>c(Cl)>C(CHCOO)>C(CHCOOH)33D.¾টᡠÀc(Na+)+c(CH3coOH)+c(H+)>().10mol-L"8ஹQ<Â=°±ḄÃwvᐗ⏚HXஹHYᑖ¯ᵨ=v°±ḄNaOH᪗Æ<´µ᝞·ᡠÀ஺QᑡSTVWḄ3()A.HXஹHYÇȪºÂ=B,ᙳ]ᵨᵬÉÊ\ᢣÀᑺC.pHÂ=ḄÃw⏚c(HY)>c(HX)D.=°±KXHXḄËᔠ<Ì°±ÍᙠᐵÏÐc(HX)-c(X-)=2c(OH-)-2c(H+)9ஹQ

3⌱⚗RabMnmᵯ᩽ÐAèµFeCuH2SO4CuSOFe—3e-=Fe3+4BèµCuFeHC1HC12H+—2e-=HT2ᵯ;<éêOCCuCCuSOH2SO4Cu—2e-=Cu2+4V᩽ᵯ;<ëêODCCNaClNaCl2Cr-2e-=ClT2V᩽A.AB.BC.CD.D12ஹìí:CH3cH(OH)CH2cHfEMCH3cH=CHCH3+H2O,QᑡᨵᐵSTVWḄ3A.CH3cH=CHCH3ᑖᡠᨵî+U]:ᜐ|=vð☢B.CH3cH=CHC%HBrᡂ(ᱥḄ=ᑖò᪀ªᨵ4w(Uὃ⇋ôªò᪀)C.CH3cH(OH)CH2cH3õö⏣ஹ÷ø⏣ùO=ÏᱥD.CH3cH(OH)CH2cH3ஹCH3cH=CHCH3ᙳ:6⏚ឋú⏚ûü⁐13ஹýþÿ
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4C(s)+O(g)=CO2(g)AH=-393.5kJ/mol22C2H50Hপ+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+3H2O(l)AH3=-1367kJ/molᑣ2c(s)+3H2(g)+O2(g)=C2HsOH(l),AH}()A.+278kJ/moIB.-278kJ/molC.+401.5kJ/molD.-401.5kJ/moi16ஹ*ᑡ-./0Ḅ1A.ᑴFe(NO3)2"RᔣFe(NO3)z"Rb⏚■Fe(NO3)2CDijB.w¡¢£w¤Ḅ¥ᘂ$§┵e©ᑁ«C.bḄ¬w®b¬⏚¯Ḅ°±²³ᵨi´µ¶·ᓽI¬¹Ḅº±ᡠ¬bḄᦪ¼½nD.ᑴlmol/LḄNH4NO3"R"j¯·ᓽ¾¿ÀÁ©WÂÃᡠ"Rº±½nÄஹÅ⌱Ç⚪(É⚪ᒹË5o⚪)17ஹM}vÌÍḄbÎÏᐸᔠᡂÐÑ}Ò(1)AḄÓÔ___o(2)CbᨵḄÖJ×ÓÔ1—.(3)FDᡂGḄÚÛÜÝ}v.(4)ᑏᔠ*ᑡᩩḄDḄyᑖß᪀ÏḄ᪀à|vজJCDâãÚÛঝ⍗ᑮFeCb"Rçè⁐ঞrëìvíᱥîᨵ(5)HSÄ⏣$DᡂïðñᑏᐸÚÛp|v(6)ᑏᓄᔠᱥISò4(H2N-CO-NH2)2:1ÚÛḄᓄ6p|____0(7)óὃ⚪bõö1,3-÷Ät(CH2=CHCH=CH2)}<ᧇᔠᡂùNHᑏᔠᡂÐÑúpû(ü[ýᑺ0þ⌱)—o18ஹᓄᔠᱥF1vÿ
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5RCHO+CH3CHO_WNaOH.RCH(OH)CHCHOo2(1)AḄ᪀,E-FḄ.(2)B-CḄᓄ!"#o(3)C-Dᡠᵨᑺ&ᩩ(ᑖ*஺E,-./Ḅ01o(4)23F,4456Ḅ!7o(5)8ᙠ564:Ḅ;<=>?@Aᓄ#B<ᑣDḄDᑖE᪀F,GᨵIJKḄL✏NᓄᔠᱥᨵP(◀D᜜)஺ᐸ,VK:GᨵIJWX<᪶Zᐳ\]^ᨵ4J__☢ab#3221ḄDᑖE᪀FḄ᪀#19ஹde(Na2c03)ᙠfgfh,ᐹᨵjkḄᵨ⌶.᝞l1m3nopᑴerᳮᑴWNa2cChḄt"l.uᡂᑡwxyz,{ᨵCa2+ஹMg2+ஹSO42I|ᩖ~.(1)ᑴ◀ᩖḄ——-—I—I(w).ayzbᐭz⏚pHcᐭBa(OH)2dᐭNa2cO3e(2)ᔣ⛳&z,ᐜᐭNX,ᐭCO2,ᳮᵫ.ᙠa,ᐭNM&ᐭzḄḄ(3)ᙠl1t"l,ᩩᱥᧇ¢KḄ£¤.I(4)l2¥¦,§ᵨ¨m3nᑴᜓCO2ḄI(w)ªᵨc¥¦ᑴᜓN%,«¬ᑁᐭḄᑺI(wᑺ01).(5)IPᜩᯠeᨔFᡂᑖaNa2cChbNa2sObcHzO,ᑭᵨᑡ²³Ḅᑺ´µ¶?Na2cCh~·ᑖᦪḄm3!ᫀ.

6[45ᫀ⊡ᐙ_᦮a⌱cḄdᑺfH2so4ஹBaCkABஹfghஹiᮞஹBa(OH)2ABজ.ঝ•ঞ.টlmᜩᯠiᨔqCrNa2c()3Ḅstᑖᦪ.20ஹxyᐰ{|Ḅ}(Ni)~tஹஹஹᨵ⁐஺}ᵨᔜᐝ⛲ᛛᧇGFᵨᓄᑺ஺i⏚}Ḅᑴᜓ¡¢ᵨᵯ£╅¥B(¦⌕rNiSO,NiCL¨)ᑴᜓi⏚}ᨔqxNiCCh•yNi(OH)2•zHO,ᑴᜓ©ª᝞42ᵯ»¼(1)ᘤCḄ®¯⌕)3NiSO4+3Na2co3+2H2O=NiCCh2Ni(OH)2+3Na2so4+2X,XḄᓄ°)(2)ᱥᧇᙠᘤC²◤⌕´ᑴµ¶pH·஺ᑖ᪆᝞ᘤCᨬ〉ᔠḄpH·)஺杂既含S%7.8798.08.182838.48_58.6PH-Na+3—O-xlO2pH¿ᩖÀ{ᚪÂÃ(3)¼5i⏚}ᨔq½¾¿ÀḄ஺ÁÂi⏚}ᨔqḄÃᡂ)ÁÂi⏚}ᨔqxNiCCh-yNi(OH)-ZH2OÃᡂ@ÅÃÆl᝞45ᫀ6Ç:2

7eÄᮞÆᧇᓱᱏe4⏚ÉᨔFÊË@uᐰᑖfᡂNiOஹCO2&H2Om3জ2Î¥¦ÏÐឋªঝÓÔ1·3.77ge4⏚╅ᨔFxNiCCh♦yNi(OH)2•ZH2OÖᙠB¥¦,8×Øᘤ;ঞᡭÝÞßᜳa,áᐭIâãäxÏᑖ*1·¥¦CஹDஹEḄ~·åæçªটঠᡭÝÞßᜳaééáᐭIâãäxϪডᑖ*ÓÔ1·¥¦CஹDஹEḄ~·åæçªঢ᪷íᦪíîïµð(ñᐵᦪí᝞⊤)¥¦C/g¥¦D/g¥¦E/gËô250.00190.00190.00Ë251.08190.44190.00m3ᑖ᪆öᦪíᜐᳮ(4)E¥¦Ḅøᵨ(5)⊡ᐙটḄm3üø—.(6)µðýᑮe4⏚ÉᨔFḄÿᡂ_(ᓄ)஺╋ḄᑴᜓNi(N2H4-H2O)!"⏚ᨔ#$%X'Y(7)ᑏ*ᑴᜓNiḄᓄ+,

821ஹ.%/012345678012ᓄ9:ᧇ7ᙠ=>?@ABᢵḼE⌕Ḅ$ᵨ஺(1).%0ᑴᜓHᵬJḄ:ᧇK17LMNO⌶QᑴRI.282(g)+6H2(g)=CH30cH3(g)+3HO(g)AH2II.2CO(g)+4H(g)=CH30cH3(g)+H2O(g)AH2STজC()2(g)+3H(g)WCH30H(g)+HO(g)Hi=akJmol"22@CO(g)+H2O(g)=CC)2(g)+H2(g)H2=bkJmolUঞCH30cH3(g)+H2O(g)=2CH30H(g)H3=ckJmoHᑣWXnḄAHkJ«mol-'(2).%YLN'CO2ᙠZᓄᑺ(᝞Cu/ZnO)$ᵨO]^_ᡂCH3OH,+,᝞OCCh(g)+3H(g)=CH30H2(g)+H2O(g),`aImolCCh(g)'3m0IH2(g)ᐙᐭ2LdឋfᘤAB_WX7hijklᑁnoCH30HḄpᑖᦪ(p(CH3OH)stu(T)Ḅᐵw᝞xᡠzজ?lOmin|ᑮa~7jCH30HḄpᑖᦪ20%.ᑣv()=—(ᶇᦪ)஺ঝb~j7CHOHḄpᑖᦪᨬᜧḄ:01஺3ঞb~j7fᘤᑁ⊝Po,CH30HḄpᑖᦪ30%,ᑣWXḄ⊝ᦪKp=_(ᵨ⊝ᑖ⊝u7ᑖ=xpᑖᦪ)টa~'b~Ḅ⌮7a_b(ᡈ"=")ᙠ900Kj7ᔣdឋfᘤAᐙᐭᱥḄḄCH30H'HO,|⊝(P(CHOH)—30%஺23ঠᙠ900K¢N7Oᑡ¤¥5¦§ᵬ⏣᳛Ḅ01(ª«)a.ᐙᐭ¬%b.ᑖ*H2Oc.ᓣtd.ᦋ°Zᓄᑺ(3)*±LN±:NO²◀´µ7WX2NO(g)+2H(g)UN2(g)+2HO(g),¶WX·᳛⊤|v=kc?(NO)22•c(H2)(k0·᳛ᦪ7¹stuᨵᐵ)7»¼WXᑖ½¾¿Ài.2NO(g)+H(g)=N2(g)+H2O2(g)AHiii.H2O2(g)+H(g)#2HO(g)AH?ᓄWXᑖÁ¾¿À7222WXÂ᠒Ḅ1¾ÄᑴWX·᳛7»¼½¾WXA7ÅWXḄÆᓄ5ÂÇḄ01("i”ᡈ“ii”)

9ÈὃÊᫀ1ஹ⌱Í⚪ÏÐ⚪¹ᨵ1Ñ⌱⚗Óᔠ⚪ÕÖ1ஹCூØ᪆௃A.?ᔊজ,KÜ%ᑖÝÞZᓄᑺᔾ▬7áâᨵ°ᡂÜ:Ý,7জ,AÜÜäâᨵåæ7ᦑA┯éêB.জZᓄᑺᔾ▬N2Ḅ,7ঝìᡂí᝱Ḅ,7ঞN2ØNḄ,7N»ð◤⌕ᙠ§tj¿Àêòóᜧ⊝᳛টঠ⌕ᙠÇtõ¿À7ᦑB┯éêC.ᵫ⚪AxzLT7,ট÷ᡂòTi-H-Fe-*NᑮTi-H-*N-Fe½2í᝱Ḅøᓄ7N:ÝᵫFeõùᔣTi-Hõùú⌴,ᦑCÅüêD.ᓄWXýþÿᐭ
ᓄᑺᦋᔾᦑD┯ᦑ⌱C»2ஹDூ᪆௃A.᝱Ḅ᧕ᡂ!"#$%&'()ឋ#ᨵ,ᱥ)./01%23456ᡂ3ᓄ7■9ᐸᡂ";<=ᢣᕈ@<⁐Ḅ3BᦑACDB.EFᢝHIJKLMNOPMEQḄFRᩭTFK&FRUVNWᑖYFKZFN[▭]ᑖY^;Z;5⌱_`aḄbcᦑBCDC.␺efgKNO92ᩎiNa2so஺klmᯚ⁐45opᑖeMq⁐ஹ<⁐r␺eᦑCCDD.FeSO-7HOᵯY6ᡂtuvYRஹ3⏚᪷YRo%ᵯYy6zYR3⏚{vM|⏚}~ᙠW&42⏚ឋᦑD┯ᫀ⌱D஺3ஹBூ᪆௃A.K3[FeCN
6]y6⁐ᨵFe?+,.]c]ᔲᨵFe3+,⌱⚗A┯B.ᔣCsHsONaᐭCO2,6ᡂ᪷|⏚ᑴ}⏚Ḅᑣᑮ⏚Ḅ⏚ឋ|#,⌱BCD

10C.ᔣrᨵZnSNa2sḄÊËBCDECuSO4ABÌᯠᨵZnSÍAᱥÎABCÏᨵNazS,EᐭÑ⏚AB/ÒCM+ÂÔABCḄS2•ÖᑮØ⁐ḄCuSIJÍ*ÙÚÛGIJÜᓄ⌱⚗C┯ÞßD.ᔣABCEᐭ⏚àABÖᑮá⁐IJâᨵãäå*æçEᐭè⏚²ABCéêë²ìᙠ⏚àᵯ,Ḅ⏚᪷è⏚ᵯ,Ḅî,ïABᐹᨵ⏚Ḅñòᓄឋ஺᝞ôõöÖᑮḄ÷Ñ⏚àIJ!öéêøòᓄ)Ñ⏚àIJùᯠÍAᑣMÙÚKABᨵÑ⏚᪷,ï⌱⚗D┯Þ஺ூûü௃ᙠ£þ⚪⌱⚗CḄ⚪⌕ᑨḄ⌕ᡂᑖ஺ᔠḄ᎛ᐜᜧ"#$%&Ḅ'(⚪)ᜧ"*ᙠḄ,#$-.#$Ḅ/ᯠ123"ᱥ5%&Ḅ஺6᝞ᔣ9⏚┛-9⏚<Ḅ=>?ᐭABᓄ9ABᓄ9ᐜ-9⏚<Dᑮ9⏚F<2G9⏚┛Dᑮ9⏚F┛஺4ஹAூ᪆௃A.IJᙠKL-MᓄᑺḄOᵨQRS?TU᪀W᦮YZ[\]ᓄ^_[`aᡂbஹᵬbde✏;bᵬ⏚hi`ḄjBkaᱥlhie✏mᦑA┯pqB.᯼stuaᓄvwᓄxyᨵ{᮱᯼}ஹ᯼ᯖJ-ᯖdᦑBqC.ᜩᯠḄᜧ"ᵨiḄᨵஹஹஹ஺-ᱥ-ᱥᦑCqD.ᜩᯠ}ᵨiᵨᖪm}ᮤᐹஹLᘤᜩᯠ}RᵨOᓄᧇSᜩᯠ}^ᧇḄ¡Kxy⌕ᨵᔠᡂ¢ஹᵬ⏣ஹ¤d¥20¦yᦑD஺ᦑ§ᫀ⌱Ao5ஹDூ᪆௃A.Y©⏒w«⁐Ḅ*ᙠK+ஹFe3\SO/-ஹ#$Fe3+lRᐳ*A┯pqB.ᵯ#ḄcH+
=lxlO13moVLḄR°^⏚ឋᡈ³ឋ,ᙠ⏚ឋK+ஹNa+ஹAKh:CCV-#$A1O\2CO32lRSᐳ*B┯pqC.¶⏚-¶³·RS-A1¸{F}ᙠ⏚ឋFe2+-Nth-uaBᓄ¹lᐳ*ᙠ³ឋFe?+ºlᐳ*C┯pqKD.,Jஹ=1x1013mol/LḄ,F#$Ḅ»¼^O.lmol/L,NH\Cu2\CWNCVRSᐳ*D஺4H/§ᫀ⌱D஺6ஹAூ᪆௃

11Aஹv2£ᓄv456ᡂᱥ]£ᓄ{vACDBஹNaOH¤ᔾᦈCO2,ᡠLoCD5⌱ᵨ⛳2Ḅ⏚z©BoCDCஹªᓄ«Zª"o455⌱ᵨkḄ«¬CoCDDஹᐭ〉®NaOH¯°ᐭ©YR5±]zªᓄ²DoCDᦑ⌱A஺ூ³´௃◀ᩖḄ⌕¸]o¹oº஺ᓽo°ᐭ¼ᩖ)oº½¾⌕ᡂᑖ᝞B⌱⚗NaOH%ZCO245¾⌕ᱥ)À45ᦑ┯஺7ஹDூ
᪆௃A.᪷ᵯ₹Âឤ³ঝÅᙠc(CHbCOCT)+c(OH-)+c(CD=c(Na*)+c(if),³ঞÅᙠc(GN-)+c(OHO+c(CD=c(Na*)+c(H+),ᵫ#ȳḄ;ÉoÊḄpHËÊÌÍJc(Na*)oÊc(lf)ᑖeËÊ,ÎÏ□YRḄᱥ)Ḅ®ÑÒÓ2oÊᦑA┯B.³জᡠÕÖÊᱥ)Ḅ®ÑÒḄNaCNஹHCN,NaCl,ÅᙠᱥᧇÂឤc(CN-)+c(HCN)=2c(CØ)ᦑB┯C.³ঝᡠÕÖᨵÊᱥ)Ḅ®ÑÒḄCH3coONaஹCH3COOH2NaCLḄpH=5,LÚ⏚ḄᵯYM¾,ÎÏC(CH3co(y)>c(CØ)ᦑC┯D.³টᡠÕMÊᱥ)Ḅ®ÑÒḄÚ⏚2£ᓄ©ÑÒᙳM0.05mol/L,ᑣc(Na*)=c(CØ)=0.05mol/L,c(CH3COO)+c(CH3COOH)=0.05mol/L,᪷ᵯ₹Âឤc(CH3coeT)+c(OH)+c(CØ)=c(Na*)+c(H+),ÎÏc(CHiCOO)=c(H+)-c(OH-),Ì!|c(Na*)+c(CH3COOH)+c(H*)=0.()5mol/L+0.05mol/L-c(CH3COO)+c(H+)=0.Imol/L-c(H*)+c(OH)+c(H*)=0.Imol/L+c(OH)>0.Imol/L,ᦑDCD஺ᫀ⌱D஺8ஹDூ
᪆௃A.45âᑮã³mHXZHYiὑNaOHḄ;Éᑖe]30mL240mL,ᦑåæ⏚Ḅ;ÉçM34,ᦑA┯;B.NaOHéHXâᑮéã³mpHêM8,ᵬìíḄ⁐ï]3.14.4,ᦑo%ᵨᵬìíTᢣÕᑺᦑB┯C.ᵫðñÈò⏚ÑÒËpmḄpHróHYḄ⏚ឋ|#HXḄ⏚ឋpHËpḄÈò⏚c(HY)C(OH),ᱥᧇÂឤM2c(K+)=c(HX)+c(xj,ýᱥᧇÂឤþᐭᵯ₹Âឤrc(HX)-c(X)=2c(OH)2c(H+),ᦑDCD

12ᫀ⌱D஺ூ௃ÿ⚪
⌕ὃ⏚ᑖ᪆⚣ὃᜧ஺⏚ᑖ᪆ஹḄᐵ"#$%ᐵ&஺'(ὃ)*Ḅᑖ᪆+$,ᓄ).⚪Ḅ/0஺9ஹBூ
᪆௃A.ᙠ⏚ឋᩩ45H+6CKT7r89*:ᓄ;<=>/ᜧ?ᐳAA┯CDB.EF⏚ᕈH⁐ḄJឋᙠឋKL/9*=>MNᜧ?ᐳABOPDC._=k10QḄ#⏚ឋᙠ⏚ឋH+ஹFe2+>NQ3-9*:ᓄ;<=>/ᜧ?ᐳAC┯CDC(H^c(OH-)D.ᵫSᵯU*C(OH-)=1X10-I4mol/LḄSḄᵯVᑮXᢓᑴM/J⏚ឋ[M/JឋHCCh-6H+ᡈOH-^89*=>/ᜧ?ᐳAD┯CDᦑᔠᳮ⌱⚗#B஺10ஹAூ
᪆௃A.᪷efghijkᙠlmln5olpqḄrposᑖt?uᜧvuᜧwrḄvxyz:ᓄ{ḄvᦑAOPDB.᪷efghijkᙠlmln5olpqḄrpᐹᨵolḄᱥtḄ?olᱥtḄ?Ḅwr+z:ᓄ{t?olᦑB┯CDCM+COḄᑖᜧxlᦑC┯CDD.᪷efghijklmln5rpᑖḄolᦑD┯CDOP%ᫀ#A஺11ஹDூ
᪆௃Aஹ᩽Fe—2e-=Fe2+,ᦑA┯CDBஹO᩽2H++2e-=H23ᦑB┯CDCஹ▢᩽Ḅᵯ2e+Cu2+=Cu,ᦑC┯CDDஹ'□᩽2Cl-2e-=ChtᦑDOPDᦑ⌱D஺12ஹDூ
᪆௃

13A.☢᪀CH3cH=CHCH3ᡠᨵ{<M/ᜐylz☢⌱⚗A┯CDB.CH3cH=CHCH3s+HBrᡂUᱥᨵ2-z⌱⚗B┯CDC.CH3cH(OH)CH2cH36⏣ஹ¡⏣^¢y⏣£ᱥt¡ὅᡠ¥¦§Ḅᦪ©lª«l¬l"ᱥ⌱⚗C┯CDD.CH3cH(OH)CH2cH3ஹCH3cH=CHCH3ᑖ¥ᨵ⏣¦§+{{®&ᙳ/E⏚ឋ═⏚±²⁐⌱⚗DOP஺%ᫀ⌱D஺13ஹBூ
᪆௃A.#ᡠᨵḄ¥³ᱥt^ᨵ´µᵨ᝞NaClA┯CDB.ᨵᦔ¹º»µ<ᳮ
⌕#E»µ¼½t9*¾ឋ¿ᜫÁºឋBOPDC.Â:⏚Ḅ´µ/0
⌕#ÃᐸᨵÅ:ᓄឋC┯CDD.84´µḄᨵᦔᡂᑖ#NaClO,ᨵÅ:ᓄឋ⏣ᨵ;<ឋM9*:ᓄ;<=>U*ᨵµᱥt³r/ÆᔠEᵨD┯C஺%ᫀ⌱B஺14ஹDூ
᪆௃A.Ç5È{<ÉᡂzÈÊᐗÌᑣᨵ5È{{ᓫ&A⚗┯CDB.¼½t¢yᑖÏᾦ¢yᑖB⚗┯CDC.ᵫy{{ᓫ&MNÑÒÃÓÔÕ§ᑖᡠᨵ{<zᜐylz☢C⚗┯CDD.ᓄ)«C9HÖ஺2×ᨵØ✏rᕡḄᨵÛᱥᙠ⏚ឋᩩ45ÜS$U*osᑖt?olḄÝᨵÛᱥᑣS$Þᑮ⏚+ß⏣⏚zᐳᨵ2ߧᑣᨵ8ᓽß⏣ᨵ8ÃÓáâzᐳM/ᨵ16᪀D⚗OPD%ᫀ⌱D஺ூä௃ᑖzæᢣᑖ?ᜧy10()00ḄᨵÛᱥl)èMNéêëzëÏᾦḄᑖ?ìí⍝Ïᾦ¢¢yᑖX஺15ஹBூ
᪆௃জ2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(l)AH=-572kJ/mol)@C(s)+O(g)=CO(g)AH=-393.5kJ/mol222ঞC2H50Hপ+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+3H2O(l)AH=-1367kJ/mol3᪷eïðk

143τঝx2+জx,zঞ2cs
+3H2g
+]O2g
=C2H50HপAH=-278k.J/mol,ᦑ⌱B஺ூä௃᪷eïðk=>Ü6=>p"Ḅò᝱+ô᝱ᨵᐵ6=>ᔊö÷ᐵDᙠᵨïðkøëù⌕úPûᑮ=>ᱥ+*ᡂᱥ7üèḄ"ᦪý᪵ᨵÿ
Ḅᜐᳮ஺16>Bூ
᪆௃A.FeNCh
2⏚⏚ឋᙠᑴFeNh
2!■#Fe?+%&ᔣ()ᐭ+⏚,-+⏚./01234ᓄ123⌱⚗A┯9:B.;<=>?@;CHCHO17ஹᵬlmOHL\-o皿00

15M_______NaOli/ll>OCH,«CH-CH■(l{—>CHCHBr----*H()CH(H«CHCH()H322236GO)—-4«M)CCH=CHC(M)H0ூ
᪆௃প᪷AḄ¡᪀ᑨ¤¥¦;(2)᪷CḄ¡᪀ᑨ¤¨4©.ª¥¦;ব᪷ᱥ¡᪀}ᓄᐵ¯Fᙠ°ᓄ1Ḅ±ᵨ²i³°ᵬ´jklmkᡂG0(4)DḄ¡᪀¶OH,জ.jk¸¹lmº»ᑖ3(¨ᨵঝ⍗ᑮFeChÀ⁐º»ᑖ3¡᪀(¨ᨵÂÃঞÅd³°ᱥÆᨵÇȺ»TÂÃÉÊ᪷DdᩩÌÍᑏDÏᑖÐ᪀Ḅ¡᪀ÑÒ;(5)HiÓ⏣ᙠÕᓄᑺ±ᵨ²jk×ØlmkᡂØÙ;(6)¡ᔠÚ(ITEḄlmÛᳮÍᑏᓄᔠᱥIiÜÝ(H2N-CO-NH2)D2:1lmḄᓄÞÒ;ßàὃ⚪(âãD1,3-äå(CH2=CHCH=CH2)iæᓫjk1,4è¶ᡂkᡂ=CHCHHrᙠឋᩩ̲kᡂCHCHJIHéêëÕᓄ4ᓄ±ᵨkᡂH(H*CH=CHCFுH,ᵨí4ᓄîïÕᓄᑺ,jkᑖ3ᑁῃkᡂñOᨬWTóôlmkᡂOூ
௃প᪷AᵫÅTᵬ᪀ᡂᑣAᵬ:ফ᪷C(¨ᨵḄ¨4©.ª¥¦:(3)᪷ᱥ¡᪀}ᓄᐵ¯Fᙠ°ᓄ1Ḅ±ᵨ²i³°ᵬ´jklmkᡂGo(4)1)Ḅ¡᪀0^/ù஺11,জ.jk¸¹lmº»ᑖ3(¨ᨵঝ⍗ᑮFeCbÀ⁐º»ᑖ3¡᪀(¨ᨵÂÃঞÅd³°ᱥÆᨵÇȺ»TÂÃÉÊᑣDÏᑖÐ᪀Ḅ¡᪀ÑÒ(sII,(5)HiÓ⏣&kᡂØÙᐸlmÒ

16o()HOOCCOOI'H"+(2n-l)HJ)(ý&ᑏᡂþᐰῃ
);n+nHtXHjCHjOH(6)ᓄᔠᱥI(H2N-CO-NH2)2:1ḄᓄooC^N-LR+2HlOS+HN-C-NH22ooὃ⚪1,3-(CH2=CHCH=CH2)ᓫ!1,4"#ᡂ!ᡂᙠ&ឋᩩ)*
+!ᡂH(MH(H=,-./ᓄ0ᓄ1ᵨ!ᡂH(WXCH=CH((>OH,ᵨ30ᓄ45/ᓄᑺ,!ᑖ9ᑁῃ
!ᡂ||O,ᨬ>?@A!ᡂB"NHᑣᔠᡂEFG:NaOII/HOttH,«CH-CH«CH----->CHCHJIr----------------------------HKXZHjCH>CHCHOH}Ca/(>2CiO>——^H(KCH=CH(H()-----►HOOCCH18ஹH3cOPCH,Cl+NaOH:aCH—/—CH^OH+NaCl3O2/C11ᡈAg,"#KLMஹNMᵨB஺ḄCCLRSᡈᐜUVWX@RSᡈYᑴ[0ᓄ\ᐙᑖ>⏚ᓄ>,ᵨ
_`aabc8c/ூ
᪆௃OH᪷efgEῃ
!ᡂCH3CH=CH—CHO,ᑭᵨ⌮jkElCH'Y^-IH-CHJCHO᪷eRCHOOH+CH3CH0RCH(OH)CH2CHO,DCH3cH0,CHCH-CH.CHO'p⌮jqDlmNaOHRn3CHCHO;᪷eBḄᑖ9C8H9CI,rᔠDḄr᪀BlCH3CH,Cl5Cl3

17,ᑣAlH3cூu+௃1
᪷ewxᑖ᪆AḄr᪀zl{EcHY^>-|cHCH஺}ᑖ9ᑁῃ
!ᡂF1CH-CH=CH-CHO
,ᑣ~GOPᦑᫀGHC-^^-CHOP;333;2
CH—CHC1ᙠ[0ᓄRS
+GCH—z
—CHOH
ḄᓄG3232CH.OHᙠ\ᡈX1/ᓄᑺḄᩩ)*UK0A0ᓄGCH^^^CHOᡠ3বOHᑺ?ᩩ)lOz/CuᡈAg,UK;CHஹ-^}-2H-CHJCHOᨵḄᨵLM?NM{ᦑᫀGOJCuᡈAg,UK{LMஹNM{4
bcp!UᡂᡠpᵨḄᓄaRS_`GFᨵNM᧕0ᓄᡠᵨ⏚RS_`{pᐜUVWX@RSᡈYᑴ[0ᓄ\ᐙᑖ>⏚ᓄ>,ᵨ
_`aabc{ᦑᫀGᵨBnḄCCLRSᡈᐜUVWX@RSᡈYᑴ[0ᓄ\ᐙᑖ>⏚ᓄ>,ᵨ
_`aabc{5
ᙠbca9wḄLMᓄG¡MᑣDḄ¢ᑖ£᪀¤¥ᨵ¦§¨Ḅ©✏«ᓄᔠᱥᨵ¦§¬M᪶¯ᐳ±[²ᨵ4§³³☢µ¶G3221Ḅ¢ᑖ£᪀¤Ḅr᪀zG,ᦑᫀG8

18a1஺19ஹacdebNH3᧕iᨵᑭiᔾᦈº¼lᜧḄCChNMi°ÂHCO3]ᓄ^CCh?ÃÄᜧKᐭNHJ»¼qKᐭÅÆÄᜧCÇ»¼ᨵᑭiNH4஺Uᨔ᪆{NaCl»¢ÊË5"Ḅᜩᯠ³ᨔÌKᐭÍ"ÎCO2,⏚Ã3LஹxaḄ}Ì?TÍ"Ba(OH)2TÏஹÐÑஹsÒஹÊ"ஹឤWÔÕூº᪆௃প᪷ÚSO42-ஹCa2\Mg?+d᧕]ᓄ^ÔÕÛÜ◀ÞS᪷Úl°xaßᩖ5Ḅ⌕á᣸ãä☢KᐭḄT"ᵨ1KᐭḄ◀Þᨬ1Kᐭ〉"Ḅq(2)N%᧕iᨵᑭiᔾᦈº¼lᜧḄC(h;᪷Úºè⊝ÄKᱥḄ»¼ᨵᑭiᨔÌ᪆{q(3)êëᑴ³í⌕îOᙠ¢ᓄ⛳-ḄNaClð?CO,ñò1óîODᑮḄCCh-NaClRô_ᑭᵨq2(4)õö÷ᑴËABᓄ9Ḅᳮ-ᩩúq᪷Úᙠ»¢K³ᡈaIᮞñ^¢*ᙠQᑡè⊝ýNH3+H2O=NH3H2O=NH4++OITKᐭ³ᡈaIᮞxaFB᪷#$è⊝þÿ
ᜧḄḄᢵᑴম᪷ḄᳮᐜḄᜩᯠ!ᨔ#$%&ᑮ%()*⏚᪷ᐰ-.ᣚᡂ12ᓄ*ᑭᵨ12ᓄ*6789ᮞ;<=>?@=>ḄAB12ᓄ*ḄᱥAḄஹNa2co3ḄᱥAḄ6AᨬFBNa2cChḄAᑖᦪ஺ூK&௃(1)SO2\Ca2\Mg2+NᑖOPBa(OH)2%(ஹNa2c(h%(ஹBa(OH)z%(QR<ᡂ=>ST?@@U◀WNaCO423%(X◀W@ḄBa(OH”%(,Z⏚X◀W@ḄNa2c03%(6NaOH%(ᡠ\Rᐜ]Ba(OH)2%(T]Na2c%(@Uᨬ^]ᐭZ⏚ᦑaᫀcdaTCTd—e—b(2)Ne᧕%gᨵᑭgᔾᦈ%&klᜧḄCO2,ᡠ\ᔣ⛳6oZpᐜ?ᐭNH3,^?ᐭCO2?ᐭN%S?@PHCO3ḄQRq]NW+rk$ᑭᵨsZqᜧ5rk᪷%&u⊝ḄwxᨵᑭgNHQyᨔ᪆বᰀ}᮱<ᡂḄCOSᑭᵨU(a᪆ᨔ#ᓄ^ᑮḄNaCl%(Sᑭᵨᑣ2

19NaClCO2(4)·`¸ᑴ¬0ᓄa¹⌱ᵨ»ᮞ»?m½⏚ᡈᜧᳮ»?m½⏚ᑴ¬ÀᵨÁ¤+S¤UKA¤;Ã@
U&ᡈ!»ᮞG@
Äᙠ*ᑡÆ⊝NH3+HO^NH3»HO^NH4++OH,Uᐭ&Æ⊝ÉÊ¢ËÌqᜧWḄKÍ22Î@
ḄᢵᑴÐ@A{(5)·`ḄᳮᐜѬ᪵ÓWÔR+Õa⏚᪷ᐰ×ᣚᡂ0ᓄaᑭᵨ0ᓄa?ÙÚ»ᮞ
Û!ÜÝÞ.ÜÝḄWßq0ᓄaḄᱥḄWஹNa2cChḄᱥḄW?WᨬàßqNa2c03ḄWᑖᦪᡠÕᜩᯠ&ᨔ¤᪵ÓRå〉Wçè
UᐭVWmé⏚ÔêKÛ!ḄA¤Þ.VWḄÙÚ»ᮞ
ᯠ>.ëஹìíஹîïஹÑWÜÝᓽp஺20ஹCO28.3¬ᨬ>¦ñìíSòóUᐭHC1⏚ᓄḄBaCLRSôõÜÝÛ!ᑣö÷ÜÝø-ìíîùᔾᦈüAḄH2O?COzᐵþÿᜳa,⏀ᑮCNiCO•2Ni(OH)•4HO2[NiCO3•2Ni(OH)•4H2O]+3N2H4•H2O=6Ni+3N2f+2cO2T+21H2O3222ூ᪆௃প᪷ᐗឤᑖ᪆ᑨ!"ফ$ᔜ&ᩖ()*ᨬ,ḄpHᓽ/ᨬ〉ᔠḄpH"(3)234Ḅ567ᨵ9⏚;<=>?@AB⏚CᨔEFᔲHIJKLF>?Fᔲᨵ9⏚᪷MNOᶇ"(4)᪷Q?RḄSᔜTUVḄWᵨᑖ᪆"(5)᪷Q?RḄSY4ZW[\ᑖ᪆"(6)ᐜ^_`ᡂbcSCO2Ḅ(de᪷(dឤfgᓄiA"(7)jᓄkl23ᵯNᨵnoᨵᜫ᪷ᓄᔠqrᓄfg`ᡂᱥtuvwxyA஺ூ{௃প23ᘤḄ}T~⌕23/3NiS(h+3Na2co3+2H2O=NiCO32Ni(OH)2+3Na2so4+2X,23YNilNᐳ3TஹSlNᐳ3TஹOlNᐳ23TஹNalN6TஹClN3TஹHlN4T234ᨵNilN3TஹSlNᐳ3TஹOlNᐳ19TஹNalN6TஹClN1TஹHlN4T,OlN4TClN2Tuᒹ7ᙠ2TXᑖNᡠXḄᓄiA/CO2,ᦑᫀ/CO2(2)ᱥᧇᙠ23ᘤ23◤⌕ᑴ23ᩩ᪷ᙠpH=8.3ᔜ&ᩖ()*ᨬ,ᡠ23ᘤᨬ〉ᔠḄpH8.3,ᦑᫀ/8.3"(3)234Ḅ567ᨵ9⏚;<=>?@AB⏚CᨔEFᔲHIJKLF>?Fᔲᨵ9⏚᪷MNOᶇᦑᫀ/

20ᨬ4}HI6,ᐭHC1⏚ᓄḄBaCL6¡`ᑣ£¤¥¦HIJK"(4)CUVᵨᩭᔾᦈ@AB⏚CᨔEªᑖ¡`ḄH2O,DUVᵨᩭᔾᦈ@AB⏚CᨔEªᑖ¡`ḄCO2,EUV■¬ḄH2OSC(htᐭDUV®Q?ᦪḄ°gᦑᫀ/ᔾᦈ¬ḄH2OSCO2(5)[\ঞ23Y²³´¬F/µ᣸·UVlᨵḄCO2Sbc¸¹UVᑁḄCO2Sbc⌼ᡂᦪJ᡾᣸¬43½¾¿tÀ23<=[\টḄZW/ᐵÃÄᜳa,⏀ᑮCŤÆEᑖÇᐰ"[\ঠeᡭ¾ÄᜳaËËÌᐭ}ÍάÏUVOᶇḄCO2SbcᐰÐÑᐭCஹDUVÒÇᐰᔾᦈᦑᫀ/ᐵÃÄᜳa,⏀ᑮC"(6)bḄ(d/251.08g-250g=1.08g,CO2Ḅ(d/190.44g-190g=0.44g,ᵫÔÕ`ḄFᑖ23ᡠ`ᡂḄNiOḄ(d/3.77g-1.08g-0.44g=2.25g,ᑣᑖ23bஹÖjᓄBSNiOḄ×ᦪØ(ÚLFᑖNTᦪØ)/ᓽ108g044g225g,[᳘./=6:1:3,xNiCO3yNi(OH)zHO.6H2OT+CO2T+3NiO,᪷ᐗឤnn2218g/mol44g/mol75g/mol=x=l,y=2,z=4ᓽxNiCO3yNi(OH»zH2()x:y:zḄá1:2:4,ᦑᫀ/NiCO3-2Ni(OH)2-4HO2(7)NiCOr2Ni(OH)24H2OâN2HrlhO23`ᡂNi,NiᐗnᵯNÒklãk`ᡂEXSY,ᵫäপåX/CO2,jᓄkl23ᨵnᵯNoᨵᜫᵯNḄᱥ(ᵫ=ᑨ!æ}&E/N2,᪷nᜫᵯNឤஹᐗឤvwᑴᜓNiḄᓄixyAᦑᫀ/2[NiCO32Ni(OH)24H2O]+3N2H4ᵪ20=6ẓ+3ᵨë+2cO2T+21H20஺10021ஹ(2a+2b-c)0.086mol/(Lmin)23ìᑮw⊝î᝱<>bii3Poூ
᪆௃(1)¥জCO2(g)+3H2(g)=CH30H(g)+H2O(g)AHi=akJmolT,ঝCO(g)+H20(g)=C02(g)+H2(g)AH2=bkJmolLঞCH30cH3(g)+H2O(g)=2CH30H(g)AH3=ckJmol"òógô^_(জ+ঝ)x2-ঞnᑮ23112co(g)+4H2(g)=CH30cH3(g)+H2O(g)ḄAH(2)জCCh(g)+3H2(g)WCH30H(g)+H2O(g),Ï1molCCh(g)S3molHz(g)ᐙᐭ2LùឋûᘤÕ`23¦ülOminìᑮa=CH30HḄEýᑖᦪ/20%.þᔠÿ
ᑡ
ঝbCH30HḄᑖᦪᨬᜧḄᑮ⊝᝱ঞbᘤᑁ⊝!P஺CH30HḄᑖᦪ!30%,#
ᑡ
⊝ᱥ%Ḅ&ᵨ⊝ᑖ()⊝*+
ᑖ=-xᑖᦪ@av.>0⌮,bv.=0⌮,3+ᓣ56᳛8ᜧ9ᙠ900Kᔣ<ឋᘤ>?ᐙᐭBᱥ%Ḅ&ḄCH30HCH2O,DEF-8ᜧ⊝.ᔣGঠᙠ900KIJKLM5ᵬ⏣P᳛ḄᦋRᩩT⊝.ᔣGUব!2NO(g)+2H2(g)=N2(g)+2H2O(g),W6᳛⊤v=kc2(NO)c(Hz),6᳛ᵫZ[\]^_

21ᓄXᜧ஺ூK&௃(1)d@CO2(g)+3H2(g)#CHjOH(g)+HO(g)AHakhmoH2ঝCO(g)+H2O(g)=CO2(g)+H2(g)AH2=bkJ«mor,ঞCH30cH3(g)+H2O(g)W2CH30H(g)AH3=ckJ«mol1(জ+ঝ)x2-ঞᑮQRII2CO(g)+4H2(g)#CH3OCH3(g)+H2O(g)AH=(2a+2b-c)KJ/mol,ᦑaᫀcd(2a+2b-c)(2)জCC>2(g)+3H2(g)=CH30H(g)+H2O(g),)ImolCCh(g)63molH2(g)ᐙᐭ2Lឋᘤp30%,ᦑaᫀcdV>

22ঠᙠ900KIJKLM5ᵬ⏣P᳛Ḅ⊝.ᔣG,a.ᐙᐭab-8ᜧᑖcR⊝cRᦑa┯fb.ᑖghH2O,⊝.ᔣGᵬ⏣P᳛8ᜧᦑb.ic.j>ᑖ᪆ᓣ3ᵬ⏣ᑖᦪlmno.!pqᓣ3⊝⌮ᔣGᵬ⏣P᳛lmᦑc┯fd.ᦋRrᓄᑺcᦋRᓄu⊝ᵬ⏣P᳛cRᦑd┯fᦑvᫀ!UbবH2xyJxNOz◀|}!2NOg
+2H2g
=N2g
+2H2Og
,W6᳛⊤v=k«c2NO
«cH
k62᳛~ᦪ3+ᨵᐵᑖ\GUi.2NOg
+H2g
=N2g
+H2O2g
AHiii.HO2g
+H2g
^2H2Og
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