2021-2022学年河北省秦皇岛市海港区八年级（下）期末物理试卷（附答案详解）

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2021-2022
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ᵫG=mg=pPg!#jGḄᜧQᐵI
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ᵫp=5!%ᘤ$m☢Ḅ)*ᜧQᐵIR(4)v
NḄFGᐵIJGN=ᓃw+KᑗᓽK▢V

1417.ூᫀ௃;ð1050ூ᪆௃2þÿ6NḄᜐ☟᝱ᑣᙠᔣᡠḄ᥅⊝᥅!!6M#$ᜧᑮ10N),ា,-ᒴ/0ᡠ12)᥅345⊝ᜧ6!10N7#$ᜧᑮ15N)5ᙢ☢Ḅ;<=>☢Ḅ?@ABCDᡠ1᥅CDEF10N,ᑮḄᔠFHFᑖ=15N-10N=5N7Nᔣ0OᔣPQᔣRSᨵNOḄᔣUVWᡠ1OSᨵ-XᓽO-XF0Zᦑ\ᫀFH!710;570஺(1)bcd⊝ᩩfg⍝45⊝Ḅᜧ6!ஹᔣjஹkᵨᙠm4ᱥoஹkᵨᙠm4Qp7(2)bcrs᥅ᜧ6ḄtuH;<=>☢Ḅ?@AB7m4QpᔣCmḄvwᔠ!xvwᜧ6yz7(3)-XḄvw|⌕tuHkᵨᙠᱥoḄᱥoᙠḄᔣ~ḄVW஺2⚪ὃd⊝ᩩfḄᵨ1ᱥo3ᔲ-XḄᑨ34⍝Ạឋ⚪஺18.ூ\ᫀ௃ᜧ;6ூ᪆௃H(1))3ᐜᑁḄ᣸2)ᑁ;6᜜ᜧ;ᜧ;ᜐ;ᑮ¡ᜐ7(2)ᵫ£o;¤£/Ḅᐵ¦H£/§ᜧḄ¨©;¤§6ªg«¬ᙠk)ᵫ®Ḅᡧ°ᜐoḄ£/ᜧ;¤6±ᙠᕜ³ᜧ;ḄkᵨR«¬;ᔣᡧ´᣸஺ᦑ\ᫀFHᜧ;76஺(1)3ᐜᑁḄ᣸µᐸᑁ·;¤¸6ᙠ᜜ᜧ;ḄkᵨR¹;ᑮ¡ᜐ஺(2)£o;¤£/Ḅᐵ¦Hᙠo<ºo»£/§ᜧḄ¨©;¤§6஺¼⚪½⌕ὃ¾¿5ᜧ;Ḅᵨஹ£o;¤£/Ḅᐵ¦Ḅᳮbc2⚪Á▭¿Ãὶ¦Åᑗ¾Ç)ÈÉxÊᱥᳮgËᙠÁ▭¿Ã»Ḅᵨᡠ¾gËÁ▭ÌᔠÍᩭ஺19.ூ\ᫀ௃Dᜧ7=ூ᪆௃HtFᔣ»ÐÑÒÓ᣸ÔḄoÕCDÖµḄÅB$ᜧ×ØÙ=PÛᓽ'ᡠ1ÒÓᑮḄÙ$ᜧ

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%);K⚪Ḅᐵ\஺21.ூᫀ௃abᩨᩚe☢ூf᪆௃f"Yghhi;ab$jk;ᩨᩚ$lmno;e☢஺ᦑᫀ!"ab$ᩨᩚ$e☢஺pᓫrsᒹu"ᩨᩚஹvaஹabஹe☢w஺⌕yrs,z{ᐹ}ᵨ஺~⚪ὃNORᔜpᓫrsḄOf⌕STᔜrsᵨḄᱯ஺22.ூᫀ௃%ᜧ#ூf᪆௃f"(1)%ὃ⇋ᳫḄᵨᜫᳫᵫᐹᨵឋᔣg~,ᑮᔣ@Ḅ#$¡16⚓ᐳ20⚓

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17(2)01☢ᜧ஺(1)Ḅ3ᵨᦔ5Ḅ6789#ᜧ:☢ᜧ஺☢Ḅ3ᵨᦔ5ᜧ+☢ᜧḄ3ᵨᦔ5ᜧ஺(2)Ẇ<3ᵨᦔ5Ḅ6789=ᵨ>ᑴ@AB:CᣚB஺EFᜧḄ6789Gᑭᵨ>ᑴ@AB:CᣚBIJK<ᜧḄ6789ḄLMNOP⚪ḄᐵS஺25.ூᫀ௃XYᵨZZᢥ\]^_`᝞5UcdḄefGᮣhᓣjklmnoefᑁqrḄᐵstu1.5x103ூO᪆௃O#(1)ᵨUcd
ze☢ḄXYḄᜧᩭ|᧜efᑁḄᜧ~NᵨCᣚB+ᵨZZᢥ\]^_`᝞5UcdḄefGᮣhᓣjklmno+(2)LMefḄm@ᦋ@KᜮᙠuḄrḄr0ḄUcd
ze☢ḄXYK<ḄNefᑁqrḄᐵs+(3)Kᜮᙠ⏀:tuḄ01r᪷p=pgr01efḄᜧᜧᡠᙠtuḄᜧ஺cd
ze☢XYᜧ+(4)\]dᑁofḄqᜧo(Y"#p=p=1.0x103kg/m3xION/kgx15x10-2m=1.5x103Paoᦑᫀ"#(1)XY+ᵨZZᢥ\]^_`᝞5UcdḄefGᮣhᓣjklmno+(2)efᑁqrḄᐵs+(3)tu+(4)1.5x103஺(1)⌕¡¢CᣚBᙠᱥᳮLMḄᵨPLMefᑁḄᜧm¥᧕§¨ᑮ8ªᵨUcd
zḄe☢XYᩭ|᧜efᑁḄᜧ+ᵨZZᢥ\]^_`᝞5UcdḄefGᮣhᓣjᑣklmno+(2)ef:efḄஹrᨵᐵLM=ᵨ>ᑴ@ABᩭIJLM+(3)᪷p=pghᩭᑖ᪆:efḄᐵs+(4)ᑭᵨp=pghJ°±஺ª⚪ὃ³ḄNᡃµ¶·efJḄOefᑁḄ6789஺¡¢ᱥᳮLMẆ<¸B--CᣚB:>ᑴ@ABḄᵨ஺efNὃ¹ὃḄº»◤⌕EF஺26.ூᫀ௃u¾1¿┐CÁ0.5@ᜧூO᪆௃O#(1)LM✌ᐜÄ⁚ᩨᩚÈᐸᙠu¾Êl¾⊝ḄÌᜐNηÏAÐ+ᵫÒᵬÔXᡠÕ¾⊝Ö×ᔣÔÄ⁚+(2)IᩨᩚḄÙ"L,ÚṹÜ"G,8"&ᓃ=á2%ᡠ2Gx2L=nGx4L,ᡠn=1,ᡠᙠBᜐᢞ1Úṹ+ç18⚓ᐳ20⚓

18ᙠᩨᩚ
êÚṹ`1ë01ḄÚṹ᪷ᩨᩚḄ¾⊝ᩩí#F.L.=FL22î#3Gx2L<2Gx4L,ᡠᩨᩚÔ`ï~ᩨᩚÕ¿┐CÁ+.(3)᪷ᩨᩚ¾⊝ᩩíî2Gx2Z,=Fx4L,ðÚṹÜ0.5N,OîF=0.5N,ñòÏJᵫóô¸ᔣ⌲öᔣCÁ÷:÷Ðm@ÁÐ@᪷ᩨᩚḄ¾⊝ᩩíÁ@ᜧᡠñòÏJḄøᦪÕ@ᜧ஺ᦑᫀ"#(1)u¾+J;(2)1+¿┐CÁ+(3)0.5+@ᜧ஺(1)LM"ηÏAÐÄ⁚ᩨᩚᙠu¾Êl¾⊝+ᙠÄ⁚ᩨᩚ¾⊝¾⊝Ö×úᔣXḄÔÄ⁚+(2)IᩨᩚḄÙ"L,ÚṹÜ"G,᪷ᩨᩚ¾⊝û±ÚṹḄᦪ+᪷ᩨᩚḄ¾⊝ᩩíᓽO⚪+(3)᪷ᩨᩚ¾⊝ᩩíûîñòÏJóôᔣ`Ḅý᪷ᩨᩚ¾⊝ᩩí÷:÷Ðm@ÁÐþÁ@ᜧ஺P⚪ὃ³K<ᩨᩚ¾⊝ᩩíḄLMÿ
ὃᐰ☢ᡃḄ஺27.ூᫀ௃ᒴᓣ74%2.40.18ᱥூ᪆௃"(1)$%&'(ᔣᒴ*+,-./01ᱥ23/4⊝6(2)᪷8⊤&ᦪ8;<=2>.?@ABCḄDEᦔ᳛"7?=—x100%=—x100%="NX஺஺3m*100%~78.4%"1WFsL8NX0.09m(3)ᵫIJ./0;<ᐸᑖMN0.2N,Jᦪ2.4N6=3>.?@ᨵᵨQ"W^=Gh=GNx0.03m=0.18/6(4)Rᦪ8STṹᓣḄVMWXTṹYZ[ᜧDEᦔ᳛YZ]V^_Ḅ`a"ABCḄDEᦔ᳛bc]ᓣᱥ2Ḅ/ᨵᐵ6ᦑᫀ"(1)ᒴᓣ;(2)74%6(3)2.460.186(4)ᱥ(ᡈTṹ)஺(1)@'(ᔣᒴ*+./01ᱥ23/4⊝6w&(2)᪷8ᦪ8ᵫDEᦔ᳛ijJ6=—x100%k_ABCḄᦔ᳛6ws.(3)ᵫIJ./0lmᐸᑖMNn_ᐸJᦪᯠpᵨqᨵ=6sk_ᨵᵨQ6(4)ᙠᑖ᪆ᦪ8@⌕vwDEᦔ᳛Ḅxᓄᵫz{ᱥᳮ?Ḅxᓄ}~ḄR^_`a6⚪.?ABCḄDEᦔ᳛⌕ὃᨵᐵDEᦔ᳛Ḅ0ABCDEᦔ᳛Ḅ⌕ᳮ஺28.ூᫀ௃"(1)

19(2)ᐰḄ2"V=v᣸=3=,=2x](r43஺mv7Opglxi03fc^/7n3xl0/V/fc^"(1)ᙠ&@3ᑮḄ/2M(2)Ḅ22X10-4m3»ூ᪆௃(1)ᡠ3/
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Ḅ0ᐵ±ijᐸx²Ḅᮣ´µᵨ¯⚪¶ὃᑭᵨ¸¹kᱥ2Ḅ/ºᱥ22Ḅ0<⍝ᱥ2Ḅ2
¦᣸¬¼2Ḅ2஺29.ூᫀ௃"(1)¾¿ḄÀ/G=mg=1.5x103kgN/kg=1.5x104Nx10(2)¾¿Ã{¿Bbᙢ☢ḄÅÆ☢"S=30cm2x4=120cm2=1.2x10-2m2,¾¿Éᙢ☢ḄÊË"rp=£=£=Î=1.25x106PaSS1.2X1022nl(3)¾¿ᒴÏÐ1000DᡠÑḄQ"W=Pt=3x104Wx50s=1.5x106/6(4)᪷8W=Fs^¾¿ᒴÏÐ@ᡠ3Ḅᱫ}/"F=?=ÙÚ=15002஺"(1)¾¿ḄÀ/1.5XIO76(2)¾¿Éᙢ☢ḄÊË1.25x106Pa6(3)¾¿ᒴÏÐ1000mᡠÑḄQ1.5x1067"(4)¾¿ᒴÏÐ@ᡠ3Ḅᱫ}/1500N஺ூ᪆௃(1)᪷8G=mgk_¾¿ḄÀ/6(2)ᑭᵨp=1=â_¾¿Éᙢ☢ḄÊË6(3)ᑭᵨ/=Pt^_¾¿ᒴÏÐ1000DᡠÑḄQ6(4)᪷8W=Fs^_¾¿ᒴÏÐ@ᡠ3Ḅᱫ}/஺¯⚪ὃÊËஹ/ஹQäQ᳛Ḅᨵᐵ0å⍝æᔠ⚪஺=20⚓ᐳ20⚓